7 Chapter Review

FREQUENTLY ASKED Questions

Q: What is the difference between a trigonometric equation
Study Aid
and a trigonometric identity, and how can you prove that
• See Lesson 7.4, Examples 1 a given equation is an identity?
to 5.
• Try Chapter Review
A: A trigonometric equation is true for one, several, or many values of
Questions 7, 8, and 9.
the variable it contains. A trigonometric identity is an equation that
involves trigonometric ratios and is true for all values of the variables
for which the expressions on both sides are defined.
To prove that an equation is an identity, you can use algebraic
manipulation on one or both sides of the equation until one side is
identical to the other side. This often involves a variety of strategies, such as
• rewriting the expressions using known identities
• rewriting the expressions using compound angle formulas and
double angle formulas
• using a common denominator or factoring where possible
To prove that an equation is not an identity, you can use a
counterexample. If any value, when substituted, results in LS 2 RS,
then the equation is not an identity.

Study Aid Q: How can you solve a linear trigonometric equation?

• See Lesson 7.5, Examples A1: You can solve a linear trigonometric equation algebraically, using
1 to 4. special triangles, a calculator, a sketch of the graph of the
• Try Chapter Review corresponding function, and/or the CAST rule.
Question 10.
For example, to solve 2(cos 2x 1 1) 5 3 for 0 # x # 2p, first
rearrange the equation to isolate cos 2x.
2 cos 2x 1 2 5 3
2 cos 2x 5 1
1
cos 2x 5
2
Evaluate cos21 Q 2 R to determine the related acute angle of 2x.
1

Using the 1, 2, "3 special triangle, the related angle is 3 .

p

438 Chapter Review NEL

 Chapter Review

Cosine is positive in quadrants I and IV.

S y A
p p
2x 5 in quadrant I, so x 5 .
3 6 p
3 x
p 5p 5p 0 p
2x 5 2p 2 5 in quadrant IV, so x 5 .
3 3 6 3
p 7p T C
1p5
6 6
5p 11p
1p5
6 6
Cos 2x has a period of p, so
p 5p 7p 11p add p to these solutions to
x5 , , ,
6 6 6 6 determine the other solutions
in the given domain.

A2: You can solve a linear trigonometric equation, or verify the solutions,
using a graphing calculator.
One way to solve the equation 2(cos 2x 1 1) 5 3 is to enter
Y1 5 2(cos 2x 1 1) and Y2 5 3 and determine the intersection
points.
Another way to solve the equation is to enter
Y1 5 2(cos 2x 1 1) 2 3 and determine the zeros.
Q: What strategies can you use to solve a quadratic Study Aid
trigonometric equation?
• See Lesson 7.6, Examples 1,
A1: You can often factor a quadratic trigonometric equation, and then 2, and 3.
solve the resulting two linear trigonometric equations. • Try Chapter Review
Questions 11, 12, and 13.
For example, to solve 2 tan2 x 2 tan x 2 6 5 0, factor the left side so
that (2 tan x 1 3) (tan x 2 2) 5 0. Solve the two linear equations,
2 tan x 1 3 5 0 and tan x 2 2 5 0.
If it is not factorable, you can use the quadratic formula, then solve
the resulting two linear equations.
A2: You may need to use a Pythagorean identity, compound angle
formula, or double angle formula to create a quadratic equation
that contains only a single trigonometric function whose arguments
all match.
A3: You can use a graphing calculator to solve or verify the solutions.
Graph the functions defined by the two sides of the equation and
determine the intersection points. You can also create a single
function of the form f (x) 5 0, graph it, and determine its zeros.

NEL Chapter 7 439

PRACTICE Questions
Lesson 7.1 Lesson 7.4

1. State a trigonometric ratio that is equivalent to 7. Determine whether each of the following is a
each of the following trigonometric ratios. trigonometric equation or a trigonometric identity.
3p 13p 2 sin x cos x
a) sin c) 2sin a) tan 2x 5
10 7 1 2 2 sin2 x
6p 8p b) sec2 x 2 tan2 x 5 cos x
b) cos d) 2cos
7 7 c) csc2 x 2 cot2 x 5 sin2 x 1 cos2 x
d) tan2 x 5 1
2. Write an equation that is equivalent to
1 2 sin2 x
y 5 25 sin Qx 2 2 R 2 8, using the cosine
p 8. Prove that
cot2 x
5 1 2 cos2 x is a
trigonometric identity.
function.
2 sec2 x 2 2 tan2 x
Lesson 7.2 9. Prove that 5 sin 2x sec x is a
csc x
3. Use a compound angle formula to determine a trigonometric identity.
trigonometric expression that is equivalent to Lesson 7.5
each of the following expressions. 10. Solve each trigonometric equation in the
a) sin ax 2 b c) tan ax 1 b
4p p interval 0 # x # 2p.
3 3 2
a) 1 10 5 6
b) cos ax 1 b d) cos ax 2 b
3p 5p sin x
4 4 5 cot x 7 1
b) 2 1 52
4. Evaluate each expression. 2 3 6
p 7p c) 3 1 10 sec x 2 1 5 218
tan 12 1 tan 4
a) p 7p Lesson 7.6
1 2 tan 12 tan 4
11. a) Solve the equation y 2 2 4 5 0.
p 19p p 19p b) Solve csc2 x 2 4 5 0 in the interval
b) cos cos 2 sin sin
9 18 9 18 0 # x # 2p.
Lesson 7.3 12. Solve each equation for x in the interval
5. Simplify each expression. 0 # x # 2p.
p p 3p a) 2 sin2 x 2 sin x 2 1 5 0
a) 2 sin cos c) 1 2 2 sin2
12 12 8 sin x
p b) tan2 x sin x 2 50
p p 2 tan 6 3
1 2 "2 "2
b) cos2 2 sin2 d)
1 2 tan2 p
c) cos2 x 1 a b cos x 2
12 12
6 50
2 4
6. Determine the values of sin 2x, cos 2x, and d) 25 tan2 x 2 70 tan x 5 249
tan 2x, given 1
3 13. Solve the equation 5 2cos x for x in
a) sin x 5 , and x is acute 1 1 tan2 x
5 the interval 0 # x # 2p.
7
b) cot x 5 2 , and x is obtuse
24
12 3p
c) cos x 5 , and # x # 2p
13 2

440 Chapter Review NEL