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Gathering-data

notes in Mathematics in the modern world

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7 views3 pages

Gathering-data

notes in Mathematics in the modern world

Uploaded by

Izanami
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mathematics in the Modern World

Semi-Final

Lesson 4: MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL

4.1 Data Gathering


the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established
systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypothesis, and
evaluate outcomes.
Statistics
➢ A branch of mathematics that deals with a number obtained from, a set of data that maybe used to
represent data. However, the study of statistics is more merely about numbers or quantity
➢ It is a way of reasoning in dealing with information, whether numerical or non-numerical to
understand the world.
METHODS OF DATA GATHERING
1) SAMPLING – a process used in statistical analysis in which a predetermined number of observations are
taken from a larger population depends on the type of analysis being performed, but it may include simple
random sampling or systematic sampling.

❖ Random Probability Sampling – defined as a sampling technique in which the researcher chooses
samples from a larger population using a method based on the theory of probability. For aparticipant
to be considered as a probability sample, he/she must be selected using a random selection.

Types of Probability Sampling


I. Simple random sampling
II. stratified random sampling
III. systematic sampling
IV. Cluster sampling

❖ Non-Random/Non-Probability Sampling – defined as a sampling method in which not all members of


the population have an equal chance of participating in the study, unlike probability sampling, each
member of the population has a known chance of being selected.
Types of Non-Probability Sampling
I. Quota sampling
II. Convenience sampling
III. Purposive sampling
IV. Self-selection sampling
V. snowball sampling

❖ Census/Complete enumeration – defined as a method of data collection where it goes to the process
of obtaining responses from or about each of the members of the populations.
2) OBSERVATION/ EXPERIMENT – is a study in which the researcher simply observes the subject without
interfering. That is, the researcher has no control over any treatments the subjects may be given or which
groups the subject may be separated into, etc… they just observe the subject and record data based on
their observation.

3) SURVEY – A data collection tool or list of questions used to gather information about individuals or group.
Surveys can help decide what needs changing, where money should be spent, what products to buy, what
problems there might be, or lots of other questions you may have at any time.

Types of Data
GUALITATIVE DATA
❖ This type of data can’t be measured or expressed as a number. It is less structured than quantitative
data.
❖ Is information acquired to understand more about a research subject underlying motivations-
answering “how” and “why” questions. It is information that is descriptive in nature and can consists of
words, pictures or symbols which is why it isn’t easily measurable.
❖ Is obtained through the answers to open-ended questions that allow study participants to answer in
their own words.
QUANTITATIVE DATA
❖ Is structured and can be analyzed statistically.
❖ Expressed in numbers, the data can be used to measures variable.
❖ The results are objective and conclusive.
❖ Questions used to collect quantitative data are usually “how many” “how much” or “how often”
❖ Can be measured by numerical variables, analyzed through statistical methods, and represented in
charts and graphs.
FIRST PARTY DATA
❖ First party or primary data is collected directly from your research participants. Its valuable data
because it is gathered straight from your sources-which eliminates the issues of misinterpretation and
errors.
❖ First party data is the most useful and reliable data for your research.
Common sources of First Data are:
• Survey responses
• Web analytics
• Social media analytics
• Reviews
• Email analytics
• Interviews
• Focus groups
• Experiments
• Observations

The information you can collect from first-party sources includes demographics, purchasing
behaviors, interests, purchasing habits, likes, dislikes, etc.
SECOND PARTY DATA
❖ second party or secondary data is data that has already been collected by someone else oin the past. It
is less reliable because you cannot be certain of the methodology of the data collection.
❖ It also was performed with a different hypothesis in mind, so analysis may not align well with your
research needs.
Common Second-Party Data sources include:
• Previous research
• Books
• Professional journal publications
• Websites
• Libraries
• Newspapers
• Public records
Second-party data may be collected before primary data to help find knowledge gaps or to
augment primary research data.

THIRD PARTY DATA


❖ Third-party data, you’re looking at data sets that are put together from various sources. This type of
data has usually been gathered by companies that don’t have direct relationships with consumers and
is often sold on data marketplaces.
❖ The main benefits of third-party data is that it offers more scale than other data types.
Common sources of Third-Party data include:
• DSPs (Demand Side Platforms)
• Audience management Platforms
• DMPs (Data Management Platforms)
• Public Data exchanges.

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