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Exercise on Process Control

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Sobi Sitjar
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36 views10 pages

Exercise on Process Control

Uploaded by

Sobi Sitjar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sitjar, Sobi A.

11.21.2023
CHE 4117L
Construct Simulink models of the following problems and generate simulation plots. Write models
on a piece of bond paper or print your output.

1. 3
dx
dt
( )
+ x = 2 1 − e −4t , x(0) = 2

Rearranging terms:
𝑑𝑥 2 1
= 3 (1 − 𝑒 −4𝑡 ) − 3 𝑥
𝑑𝑡

Simulink model:

Initial conditions for the integrator is set at x(0) = 2


d2y dy
2. 2
+ 5 + 6 y = 0, y (0) = 0; y ' (0) = 1
dx dx
Rearranging terms:
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= −5 𝑑𝑥 − 6𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2

Simulink model:

Initial conditions for the first integrator is y’(0) = 1 and the second integrator is set at y(0) = 0
d 2x dx
3. 2
+ 6 + 9 x = cos t , x(0) = 0, x' (0) = 0
dt dt
Rearranging terms:
𝑑2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= cos(𝑡) − 6 𝑑𝑡 − 9𝑥
𝑑𝑡 2

Simulink model:

Initial conditions for both integrators are set at x(0) = 0 and x’(0) = 0
Sine wave function settings:
4. Oil initially at 60oF is being heated in a stirred (perfectly mixed) tank by saturated steam which
is condensing in the steam coils at 40 psia (Ts = 267oF). Referring to the diagram below, construct
a simulation model for this process and show the simulation plot.

Heat input from heat exchanger, Q = h(Ts – T)

Additional Data:
Initial amount of oil inside the tank, M = 5000 lb
Initial temperature of oil inside the tank = 60oF
Heat exchange transfer coefficient, h = 291 Btu/hr oF
Heat Capacity of oil, Cp = 0.5 Btu/lb oF
Neglect the effect of kinetic energy, potential energy and impeller contributions.

Given:
𝑙𝑏
𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 1018
ℎ𝑟

𝑇𝑖 = 60℉
𝑇𝑠 = 267℉
𝑃𝑠 = 40 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎
𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 90℉
𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 5000𝑙𝑏

𝑇𝑖,𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 60℉
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 0.5
𝑙𝑏℉
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ = 291
ℎ𝑟℉

Solution:
According to Newton’s heating law:

𝑄̇ = ℎ(𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 )
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘:
̇ ̇ 𝑑𝑈
∑ 𝐸𝑖𝑛 − ∑ 𝐸𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑄̇ + 𝑊̇ =
𝑑𝑡
̇ 1 2
∑ 𝐸 = (𝑈 + 𝑣 + 𝑔𝑧 + 𝑃𝑉)
2
From assumptions:
2 2
𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑣𝑖𝑛
𝑧𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑧𝑖𝑛
𝑑𝑈
= (𝑈 + 𝑃𝑉)𝑖𝑛 − (𝑈 + 𝑃𝑉)𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑄̇
𝑑𝑡
Note:
𝑈 = 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑣 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡

𝑈 + 𝑃𝑉 = 𝐻 = 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 )


For liquids and solids
𝐶𝑝 = 𝐶𝑣
𝑑(𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝑇)
𝑑𝑡
= (𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 )) − (𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 ))
𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑢𝑡
+ ℎ(𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 )
𝑑(𝑇)
𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑖𝑛 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑖𝑛 (𝑇𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 ) − 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 )
+ ℎ(𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 )
Note:
𝑙𝑏
𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 1018
ℎ𝑟
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑖𝑛 = 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 0.5
𝑙𝑏℉
𝑑(𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 )
𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 [(𝑇𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 ) − (𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 )] + ℎ(𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 )
𝑑𝑡
𝑑(𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 )
𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 [𝑇𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 − 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 + −𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 ] + ℎ(𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 )
𝑑𝑡
𝑑(𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 )
𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 [𝑇𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 ] + ℎ(𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 )
𝑑𝑡
𝑑(𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 )
𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑖𝑛 − 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 + ℎ𝑇𝑠 − ℎ𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑(𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 )
𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑖𝑛 + ℎ𝑇𝑠 − ℎ𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑(𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 )
𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑖𝑛 + ℎ𝑇𝑠 − (ℎ + 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 )𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑(𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 )
𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 + (ℎ + 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 )𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑖𝑛 + ℎ𝑇𝑠
𝑑𝑡
𝑑(𝑇)
𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 + (ℎ + 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 )𝑇 = 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑖𝑛 + ℎ𝑇𝑠
𝑑𝑡
Let:
𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙
= 𝛼 = 3.125
ℎ + 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑇𝑖𝑛 + ℎ𝑇𝑠
= 𝛽 = 135.29625℉
ℎ + 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑝,𝑜𝑖𝑙
𝑑(𝑇)
𝛼 +𝑇 =𝛽
𝑑𝑡
𝑑(𝑇) 𝛽 1
= − 𝑇 = 43.295 − 0.32𝑇
𝑑𝑡 𝛼 𝛼
Simulink model:

The constant is set at 43.295


The gain is set at 0.32

Initial conditions for the integrator is set at T(0)=60°F


5. The following elementary reaction is performed in a constant –volume constant temperature
batch reactor, A ⎯⎯→ B ⎯⎯→
k1 f k2
C. The concentrations of A, B, and C as a function of time are:

dC A
= − k1 f (C A ) + k1r (C B )
dt
dC B
= k1 f (C A ) − k1r (C B ) − k 2(C B )
dt
dCC
= k 2(C B )
dt
Data: k1f = 2, k1r = 1, k2 = 1.25 hr-1 and the initial concentration of A, CA0 = 1 mol/L.
Find the response of CA, CB and CC as a function of time.

𝑑(𝐶𝐴 )
= −2𝐶𝐴 + 𝐶𝐵
𝑑𝑡
𝑑(𝐶𝐵 )
= 2𝐶𝐴 − 𝐶𝐵 − 1.25𝐶𝐵 = 2𝐶𝐴 − 2.25𝐶𝐵
𝑑𝑡
𝑑(𝐶𝐶 )
= 1.25𝐶𝐵
𝑑𝑡
Simulink model:
Initial conditions for the CA integrator is set at CA(0) = 1.
Initial conditions for the CB integrator is set at CB(0) = 0.
Initial conditions for the CC integrator is set at CC(0) = 0.
The upper gain block is set at 2.25.
The low gain block is set at 1.25.
Simulation plot:

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