UNIT 1

Module 4 EVOLUTION AND BIODIVERSITY

Source:
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/Z_kw0ALY1VrtQeiCUTYCfao5oOY9K5RxXjOo
zJj8Xj6jxJoztvoBPaA_q3UIPIWrBT_d0nR0DjkvbwgGMv8LyU511QmV6bBXU8GEG92W5dH
JnySNPy6gRReq1OY1UaId3M--qdX3wTBwg68ef4RzWsq2cAQ3ixM

Keywords: evolution, biodiversity, mutation, adaptation, speciation, extinction, 1

ecological niche
LEARNING OUTCOMES: TIMEFRAME: WEEK 4

Course Learning Topic Learning Outcome Module Learning

Outcome Outcome
MLO 1: define and
explain the importance
of Biodiversity

CLO 1: Display the basic TLO 13: discuss and MLO 2: Define and
principles and concepts explain biodiversity and explain Biological
about Environmental its importance Evolution
Science; MLO 3: State the theory
TLO 14: explain the of evolution
CLO 4. Assess human changes in earth’s life
activities that alter the and how geological MLO 4: Compare and
flow of Biogeochemical processes and climate Contrast Ecosystem and
Cycles and change affects Biomes
disturbs/destroys biodiversity
different Ecosystems. MLO 5: explain
CLO 6. Reflect on the TLO 15: differentiate speciation and
negative effects of ecosystem and biome extinction
human activities that
alter biogeochemical TLO 16: explain and MLO 6: describe
cycles, destroy discuss speciation, ecological niche and
ecosystems, and extinction, and the distinguish generalist
increases pollutants on human activities that and specialist species
the environment. affects the biodiversity
MLO 7: identify the
human activities that
affects biodiversity.

Keywords: evolution, biodiversity, mutation, adaptation, speciation, extinction, 2

ecological niche
 Content
Title Page No. Time
Allotment
(Minutes)
Honesty Clause 3
Introduction 4
Activity 1
- What to know
4 15
- What I Needed
- What to do
Activity 2
- What to know
5 20
- What I needed
- What to do
Activity 3
- What to know
6 30
- What I Needed
- What to do
Activity 4
- What to know
7 30
- What I Needed
- What to do
References 12

HONESTY CLAUSE
“The College takes a strict view of cheating in any form, deceptive fabrication,
plagiarism and violation of intellectual property and copyright laws. Any
student who is found to have engaged in such misconduct will be subject to
disciplinary action by the College.”

________________________
Name and Signature

Keywords: evolution, biodiversity, mutation, adaptation, speciation, extinction, 3

ecological niche
INTRODUCTION
We get our resources to support our needs and wants from the environment
and because of excessive human activities, the ecosystems found in our
environment our disturbed and destroyed. Ecosystems need balance to continue
its processes they provided to all living things. One of the resources that are
seriously affected is biodiversity. In this module, we are going to explore
biodiversity and evolution.

ACTIVITY 1 TIMEFRAME: 15 MINS

WHAT TO KNOW
Biodiversity is one of the important resources in an ecosystem. It is the variety
of organisms on earth. Every organism is a member of a certain species. This is a
certain group of animals that can mate and produce fertile offspring. What
makes living organisms diverse? Biodiversity have for major components, these
are species diversity, genetic diversity, ecological diversity, and functional
diversity. In this activity, we will be going to understand its components and why
it is important.

WHAT I NEED (MATERIALS)

• Worksheets • Pen

WHAT TO DO (PROCEDURES)
Directions: identify which among the four major components of biodiversity
best caption in the pictures below.

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 :

Source : Source : Source :
Source:
https://d1whtlypfis84e.cloudfront.net/g https://images.zapnito.com/uploads/c8f3 https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/asse
https://www.openbookpublishers.com/ ts/generalImages/who-are-thumb@2x.png
htmlreader/978-1-78374-750- uides/wpvontent/uploads/2019/09/191 16a029278e188ec887f264010b3c/Image3.
4/image/Fig_3.2.png 21719/genetic.jpg jpg

Major Components Figure No.

Species Diversity
Genetic Diversity
Ecological Diversity
Functional Diversity
Keywords: evolution, biodiversity, mutation, adaptation, speciation, extinction, 4
ecological niche
Guide Questions:
1. Based on your answer from the activity, how would you describe each
major components of biodiversity?

2. What is the importance of biodiversity?

Keywords: evolution, biodiversity, mutation, adaptation, speciation, extinction, 5

ecological niche
ACTIVITY 2 TIMEFRAME: 20 MINS

WHAT TO KNOW
The earth changes over time and that includes all the living things. The
history of life is deep and complex. Most of what we know on the history of life
comes from fossils, these are mineralized or petrified replicas parts of organisms
found in rocks. This how scientist study the ancient life. And this fossils founds are
1% of all the species have ever lived on earth. Have you ever wondered how we
end up with current array of 8 million to 100 million species? In this activity, we
will answer this question through the concept of biological evolution.

WHAT I NEED (MATERIALS)

• Worksheets • Pen • Internet • Mobile phone/laptop

WHAT TO DO (PROCEDURES)
Directions: Watch the video and answer the questions below.

VIDEO LINK: https://youtu.be/JOk_0mUT_JU

Guide Questions:
1. How do evolution might occur according to Charles Darwin?

2. How do the fossils help Darwin in explaining the evolution?

3. How does Darwin realized that creation of new variety of animal species
could occur in natural world?

4. How does evolution work in nature?

Keywords: evolution, biodiversity, mutation, adaptation, speciation, extinction, 6

ecological niche
 5. What does adaptation and mutation mean?

6. What process explain the how the diversity came?

7. What does biological evolution mean?

8. What is the theory of evolution?

Keywords: evolution, biodiversity, mutation, adaptation, speciation, extinction, 7

ecological niche
ACTIVITY 3 TIMEFRAME: 30 MINS

WHAT TO KNOW
The earth’s surface has changed dramatically over time. The changes
have been observed when a huge flow of molten rock within the earth’s breaks
into the surface into a series of extremely huge plates, called tectonic plates. This
extremely huge plates are drifting slowly away from each other. And this process
had a two significant effect on biodiversity, especially on evolution and
distribution of life on earth. (1) the location of the continents (latitude) and ocean
basins which have greatly influenced the earth’s climate. (2) the movement of
the continents allow the species to move, adapt to its new environment and
produce new species through natural selection. Same with the changes in earth’s
surface, the climate of earth drastically changed also. These long-term changes
have a major effect on biological evolution. It determines the where different
organism can survive and thrive.

WHAT I NEED (MATERIALS)

• Worksheets • Pen • Internet • Mobile phone/laptop

WHAT TO DO (PROCEDURES)
PART A. Directions: Watch the video and answer the questions below.

VIDEO LINK: https://youtu.be/8yvEDqrc3XE

Guide Questions:
1. What is speciation? Explain what is species?

2. What happens when a population is divided into two groups and

separated for a long period of time?

3. What are the two types of isolation are mentioned in the video? And
explain each types of isolation?

Keywords: evolution, biodiversity, mutation, adaptation, speciation, extinction, 8

ecological niche
 PART B. Directions: Watch the video and answer the questions below.

VIDEO LINKS: https://youtu.be/jphrpR9ffKA

Guide Questions:
1. What is extinction and how do species become extinct according to the
theory of evolution?

2. Is extinction part of the earth’s processes?

3. What is mass extinction and what are the mass extinction recorded in the
history of earth?

Keywords: evolution, biodiversity, mutation, adaptation, speciation, extinction, 9

ecological niche
ACTIVITY 4 TIMEFRAME: 30 MINS

WHAT TO KNOW
Species diversity is an important characteristic of a community to which
ecosystem it is belong. This includes the variety (species richness) and abundance
of species (species evenness). Based on the researches of different ecologists, it
suggests the following the more diverse the ecosystem is, the more productive it
will be. In this activity we will know what role species play in an ecosystem.

WHAT I NEED (MATERIALS)

• Worksheets • Pen • Mobile Phone • Internet
Access

WHAT TO DO (PROCEDURES)
PART A. Directions: Watch the video and answer the questions below.

VIDEO LINK: https://youtu.be/N4vUa5FmtcY

Guide Questions:
1. How do organism fit into an ecosystem?

2. How do they establish their own niche?

Keywords: evolution, biodiversity, mutation, adaptation, speciation, extinction, 10

ecological niche
 3. How do you define ecological niche?

PART B. Direction: Analyze the picture and answer the questions to the
right.

Questions:
1. What would happen if the keystone
are remove from the arch way stone?

2. How do you think keystone species

got that name?

3. Give one example of keystone

species.

Figure 5: Archway Stone

Sources:
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/keystonefoundati 4. What would happen if the
on-100928143102-phpapp02/95/keystone-and-
foundation was remove from the arch way?
foundation-species-2011-1-
728.jpg?cb=1320695808

5. How do you think keystone species got that name?

6. Give one example of keystone species.

Keywords: evolution, biodiversity, mutation, adaptation, speciation, extinction, 11

ecological niche
 7. Differentiate Keystone species from foundation species.

PART C. Direction: Analyze the picture and answer the questions to the
below.

Figure 7: Narra tree Figure 8: Cherry Blossoms in Benguet

Sources: https://www.insights- Souces:
philippines.de/narratree2.jpg https://asset.choosephilippines.com/chooseweb/raw/_DS
C0276.jpg

Guide Questions:
1. Which of the two are native and non-native in the Philippines?

2. What is the difference between native and non-native species?

3. Give 5 other examples of native and non-native species that can be

found in the Philippines?

4. Why is it important to identify whether the species are native or non-native

a specific place?

Keywords: evolution, biodiversity, mutation, adaptation, speciation, extinction, 12

ecological niche
 EXCELLENT VERY GOOD GOOD POOR
CRITERIA
4 3 2 1
COMPLETION: At least 85% of 60 to 70% of Less than half
All questions
the questions the questions of the
Number of questions were
were were questions were
successfully
successfully completed successfully successfully successfully
completed.
completed. completed. completed.
TYPE OF RESPONSES: Sporadic but
Most of the
All of the more than Less than half
Response to questions answers were
answers to the
half of the of the answers
questions were
are written in complete written in answers were were written in
written in
sentences. complete written in complete
complete
sentences. complete sentences.
sentences.
sentences.
QUALITY OF RESPONSES: Somewhat
Not careless; careless, but
Quality of work very legible. Not careless and can read
Very careless
and illegible.
(Neatness) and Work is fairly legible. some of the
Work consist of
conventions adhered to. exemplary; Work consist of 5 writing. Work
too many
has less than to 9 spelling or consist of 10
spelling or
4 spelling or grammatical to 15 spelling
grammatical
grammatical errors. or
errors.
errors. grammatical
errors.
ACCURACY: Close to 100%
About 60% of Less than half
of the About 80% of
Answers/responses are questions are the questions
the questions of the
are accurate questions are
on point (correct) and correct or on are correct or on
or on point. properly
well thought out. point. Very point. Well
Fairly well answered with
well thought thought out.
thought out. little thought.
out responses.
Source:
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=B2X849A&nocache=1601036710103
RUBRICS FOR GUIDE QUESTIONS
NAME:
Yr. & Section

REFERENCES:
Miller, G. T., Jr., & Spoolman, S. E. (2010). Environmental Science 13th
Edition. Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.

Miller, G. T., Jr., & Spoolman, S. E... 2018. Living in the Environment :
Principles, Connections and Solutions, 19th Edition

Keywords: evolution, biodiversity, mutation, adaptation, speciation, extinction, 13

ecological niche
 Cunningham, William and Cunningham, Mary Ann. 2017. Principles of
Environmental Science : Inquiry and Application. McGraw-Hill, 8th
Edition

Keywords: evolution, biodiversity, mutation, adaptation, speciation, extinction, 14

ecological niche