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10 PARTS OF SPEECH: CONTENT & FUNCTION WORDS

Mrs. Maricion Sabug || October 2022 ENGL111
Transcribers: Kathleen Venus

OUTLINE IV. ADJECTIVES

I. PARTS OF SPEECH o Many adjectives do not have a definite form but some
II. NOUNS are associated with derivational morphemes
III. VERBS Ex.
IV. ADJECTIVES 1. Childish
V. ADVERBS 2. Thoughtful
VI. PRONOUNS Some are formed from inflectional morphemes for
VII. DETERMINERS comparative and superlative degrees
VIII. PREPOSITIONS Ex.
IX. CONJUNCTIONS 1. Happy, happier, happiest

I. PARTS OF SPEECH A. DERIVATIONAL MORPHEME

Content Words Creating new words with a different grammatical category or
- Are words that have meaning meaning
Function Words
- Are words that exist to explain or create Care Careful
Care + -ful
grammatical or structural relationships into which (noun) (adjective)
the content words may fit Kind Kindness
Kind + -ness
(adjective) (noun)
CONTENT WORDS FUNCTION WORDS Speak Speaker
Speak + -er
(MAJOR CLASSES) (MINOR CLASSES) (verb) (noun)
(OPEN) (CLOSED) Happy Unhappy
Un- + happy
Nouns Preposition (adjective) (adjective)
Verbs Pronouns
Adjectives Determiners B. INFLECTIONAL MORPHEME
Adverbs Conjunctions Creating various forms of a word without changing its
grammatical category
The _______for _________ the ___________ in the ________.
Boy Boys
Boy + s
____ broom ____ sweeping ____ floor belongs ______ closet. (noun) (noun)
Walk Walked
Walk + ed
II. NOUNS (verb) (verb)
o Name of a person, place, thing, or idea. Older
Old (adjective)
Old + er
A. THREE TYPES OF NOUNS BASED ON MURCIA & (adjective) (comparative
FREEMAN degree)
Common Nouns
• Nouns that refer to a kind of person, thing, or idea V. ADVERBS
• The most frequent in occurrence o Words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
• Subdivided into two categories: Common types of Adverbs:
a. Direction: Jim pointed there.
1. Count Nouns – take the plural inflection (e.g. farmers) b. Location: Isabel shops locally.
2. Mass or Non-count Nouns – do not take plural c. Manner: The choir sang joyfully at the ordination.
inflection (e.g. air) d. Time: Soon Rachel will retire.
e. Frequency: We visit our friends in Baguio
Proper Nouns occasionally.
• Names for unique individuals or places
• Can be singular or plural (Kevin Smith vs The Smiths) VI. PRONOUNS
o Refer to a place or a noun (Antecedent) in a sentence
Collective Nouns
• Can take either singular or plural forms depending on VII. DETERMINERS
the interpretation in the sentence o Determiners have various uses but one thing notable
Ex. about them is that they can show whether the noun
a. The family is together again. (family is taken as a that is mentioned in the sentence is something specific
unit) or unspecific.
b. The family are all coming for the weekend. (collection Types of Determiners:
of individuals) a. Articles
- A, An, The
III. VERBS b. Demonstratives
o Words that denote action or state of being - Functions as pointers of a noun; gives location
- This, that, these
Two qualities that a verb has: c. Possessives
a. Tenses - Expresses ownership
- Time of an event’s occurrence (simple, past, - My, your, his, her, its, their, our
present, and future)
b. Aspects
- Denotes whether or not the event has occurred
earlier (Perfect aspect) or is still in progress
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(progressive aspect)
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[ENGL111] 1.10 PARTS OF SPEECH: CONTENT & FUNCTION WORDS – Mrs. Maricion Sabug
VIII. PREPOSITIONS
o Words that relate the noun or pronoun that appears
with it to another word in the sentence
o Indicate relationships between separate things
(location, direction, cause, or possession)
o
a. Location
- The tree fell behind the house.
b. Direction
- The tree fell toward the shed.
c. Cause
- The tree fell on account of the wind.
d. Possession
- Leaves from the tree littered the lawn in front of
the house.

IX. CONJUNCTIONS
o Words that join or connect words or group of words.

Coordinating Correlative Subordinating

Type:
Conjunction Conjunction Conjunction
Connect Makes one
words or Always work idea
Meaning:
group of in pairs dependent to
words the other
After,
although,
Both … and because, as,
For, and, nor, Either … or before, even if,
Example: but, or, yet, Neither … nor unless, as long
so Not only … But as, in order
also that, provided,
since, so that,
until
The waves Neither Anna Now that our
Sample thundered nor Patrick cousin is here,
Sentence and pounded will perform we will throw a
the shore in the play. party.

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