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Online Classes - Computer course

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11 views3 pages

Online Classes - Computer course

Uploaded by

guptamishka8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python as a Calculator

Arithmetic Operators
Operator Operation Expression English description Result

+ addition 11 + 56 11 plus 56 67

- subtraction 23 - 52 23 minus 52 -29

* multiplication 4 * 5 4 multiplied by 5 20

** exponentiation 2 ** 5 2 to the power of 5 32

/ division 9 / 2 9 divided by 2 4.5

// integer division 9 // 2 9 divided by 2 4

% modulo (remainder) 9 % 2 9 mod 2 1

Types int and float

A type is a set of values and operations that can be performed on those values.

Two of Python's numeric types:

● int: integer
For example: 3, 4, 894, 0, -3, -18
● float: floating point number (an approximation to a real number)
For example: 5.6, 7.342, 53452.0, 0.0, -89.34, -9.5

Arithmetic Operator Precedence

When multiple operators are combined in a single expression, the operations are evaluated in
order of precedence.

Operator Precedenc
e

** highest

- (negation)
*, /, //, %

+ (addition), - (subtraction) lowest

Syntax and Semantics

Syntax: the rules that describe valid combinations of Python symbols

Semantics: the meaning of a combination of Python symbols is the meaning of an instruction —


what a particular combination of symbols does when you execute it.

Errors

A syntax error occurs when we an instruction with invalid syntax is executed. For example:

>>> 3) + 2 * 4
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

A semantic error occurs when an instruction with invalid semantics is executed. For example:

>>> 89.4 / 0
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
89.4 / 0
ZeroDivisionError: float division by zero

Python and Computer Memory


Computer Memory

For the purpose of this course, you may think of computer memory as a long list of storage
locations where each location is identified with a unique number and each location houses a
value. This unique number is called a memory address. Typically, we will write memory
addresses as a number with an "id" as a prefix to distinguish them from other numbers (for
example, id201 is memory address 201).

Variables are a way to keep track of values stored in computer memory. A variable is a named
location in computer memory. Python keeps variables in a separate list from values. A variable
will contain a memory address, and that memory address contains the value. The variable then
refers to the value. Python will pick the memory addresses for you.
Terminology

A value has a memory address.


A variable contains a memory address.
A variable refers to a value.
A variable points to a value.

Example: Value 8.5 has memory address id34.


Variable shoe_size contains memory address id34.
The value of shoe_size is 8.5.
shoe_size refers to value 8.5.
shoe_size points to value 8.5.

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