JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M.TECH. (AEROSPACE ENGINEERING/AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING)

COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS
I Year – II Semester
Category Course Title Int. Ext. L P C
marks marks
Core Course IV Flight Dynamics and Control 25 75 4 -- 4
Core Course V Aerospace Propulsion 25 75 4 -- 4
Core Course VI Space Transportation Systems 25 75 4 -- 4
Core Elective III 1. Mechanics of Composite Structures 25 75 4 -- 4
2. Flight Vehicle Design
3. Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics
4. Airline Planning, Scheduling and Operations
5. Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Core Elective IV 1. Aeroelasticity of Launch Vehicles 25 75 4 -- 4
2. Air Traffic Control
3. Tactical Missiles Design
4. Navigation Guidance and Control
5. Viscous Fluid Flow
Open Elective II 1. Industrial Aerodynamics and Wind Energy 25 75 4 -- 4
2. Ground Vehicle Aerodynamics
Laboratory II CFD/CSA Solutions using ANSYS/NASTRAN 25 75 -- 4 2
Seminar II Seminar 50 -- -- 4 2
Total Credits 24 8 28

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech - I Year - II Sem. Aerospace/Aeronautical Engg.

FLIGHT DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

Aim and Objectives: The course provides advance knowledge in flight dynamics and control. Every unit
of the course starts with the basics on the topic and ends with advance topics. This will help students to
appreciate the course in coherent fashion.

Outcome: At the end of this course student would be in a position to work on advance research and
development projects on flight dynamics and control.

UNIT- I:
Introduction: Basic Principles of Flight, Flying Control Surfaces: Elevator, Ailerons and Rudder, Pilot’s
Controls: The Throttle, the Control Column, and Modes of Flight.
Basic Principles Governing Aerodynamic Flows: Introduction, Continuity Principle, Bernoulli’s
Principle, Laminar Flows and Boundary Layers, Turbulent Flows, Aerodynamics of Airfoils and Wings,
Slender body aerodynamics, wing-body interference, empennage aerodynamics, aerodynamics of
complete aircraft. Aerodynamic Forces and Moments

UNIT-II:
Mechanics of Equilibrium Flight: Introduction, Speeds of Equilibrium Flight, Basic Aircraft Performance,
Conditions for Minimum Drag, Range and Endurance Estimation, Trim, Stability of Equilibrium Flight,
Longitudinal Static Stability, Maneuverability, Lateral Stability and Stability Criteria, Experimental
Determination of Aircraft Stability Margins,
Aircraft Non-Linear Dynamics: Equations of Motion
Introduction, Aircraft Dynamics, Aircraft Motion in a 2D Plane, Moments of Inertia, Euler’s Equations and
the Dynamics of Rigid Bodies, Aircraft Equations of Motion, Motion-Induced Aerodynamic Forces and
Moments, Non-Linear Dynamics of Aircraft Motion, Trimmed Equations of Motion.

UNIT-III:
Small Perturbations and the Linearised, Decoupled Equationsof Motion: Small Perturbations and
Linearization, Linearizing the Aerodynamic Forces and Moments: Stability Derivative Concept, Direct
Formulation in the Stability Axis, Decoupled Equations of Motion, Decoupled Equations of Motion in terms
of the Stability Axis Aerodynamic Derivatives, Decoupled Equations of Motion in terms of the Stability Axis
Aerodynamic Derivatives, Non-Dimensional Longitudinal and Lateral Dynamics, Simplified State-Space
Equations of Longitudinal and Lateral Dynamics, Simplified Concise Equations of Longitudinal and Lateral
Dynamics.

UNIT-IV:
Longitudinal and Lateral Linear Stability and Control: Dynamic and Static Stability, Modal Description
of Aircraft Dynamics and the Stability, Aircraft Lift and Drag Estimation, Estimating the Longitudinal
Aerodynamic Derivatives, Estimating the Lateral Aerodynamic Derivatives,
Aircraft Dynamic Response: Numerical Simulation and Non-Linear Phenomenon : Longitudinal and
Lateral Modal Equations, Methods of Computing Aircraft Dynamic Response, System Block Diagram
Representation, Atmospheric Disturbance: Deterministic Disturbances, Principles of Random
Atmospheric Disturbance Modeling, Application to Atmospheric Turbulence Modeling, Aircraft Non-Linear
Dynamic Response Phenomenon,

UNIT-V:
Aircraft Flight Control: Automatic Flight Control Systems: An Introduction, Functions of a Flight Control
System, Integrated Flight Control System, Flight Control System Design

TEXT BOOK
 Vepa, R., Flight Dynamics, Simulation and Control: For Rigid and Flexible Aircraft, CRC Press,
Taylor and Francis Group, 2015.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech - I Year - II Sem. Aerospace/Aeronautical Engg.

AEROSPACE PROPULSION

Aim:
The aim of this course is to develop an understanding of how air-breathing engines and chemical rockets
produce thrust; an ability to do overall engine performance analysis calculations; an ability to carry out
performance calculations for individual engine components; an ability to carry out performance analysis
for chemical rockets

Outcome:
The students will have knowledge of both air-breathing and chemical rocket propulsion systems and will
be able to perform performance analysis of total propulsion systems and their parts

UNIT I
Air-breathing Engines: Classification, operational envelopes; Description and function of gas generator,
turbojet, turbofan, turboprop, turboshaft, ramjet, scramjet, turbojet/ramjet combined cycle engine; Engine
thrust-takeoff thrust, installed thrust, thrust equation; Engine performance parameters-specific thrust,
specific fuel consumption and specific impulse, thermal efficiency, propulsive efficiency, engine overall
efficiency and its impact on aircraft range and endurance; Engine cycle analysis and performance
analysis for turbojet, turbojet with afterburner, turbofan engine, turboprop engine

UNIT II
Aircraft Engine Inlets, Exhaust Nozzles, Combustors and Afterburners: Subsonic inlets-function,
design variables, operating conditions, inlet performance, performance parameters; Supersonic inlets-
compression process, types, construction, losses, performance characteristics;
Exhaust nozzles: primary nozzle, fan nozzle, converging nozzle, converging-diverging nozzle, variable
nozzle, and performance maps, thrust reversers and thrust vectoring;
Combustors and Afterburners: Geometries, flame stability, ignition and engine starting, adiabatic flame
temperature, pressure losses, performance maps, fuel types and properties

UNIT III
Axial Flow Compressors and Turbines: Axial flow Compressors-Geometry, definition of flow angles,
stage parameters, cascade aerodynamics, aerodynamic forces on compressor blades, rotor and stator
frames of reference, compressor performance maps, velocity polygons or triangles, single-stage energy
analysis, compressor instability-stall and surge;
Axial Flow Turbines: Geometry-configuration, comparison with axial flow compressors, velocity polygons
or triangles, single-stage energy analysis, performance maps, thermal limits of blades and vanes-blade
cooling, blade and vane materials, blade and vane manufacture

UNIT IV
Solid-Propellant Rocket Motors: Background Description- Classification of rocket propulsion systems;
Performance of an ideal rocket-Rocket thrust equation, total and specific impulse, effective exhaust
velocity, rocket efficiencies, characteristic velocity, thrust coefficient;
Description of solid propellant rocket motor, Solid propellant grain configurations-homogeneous
propellant, heterogeneous or composite propellant, different grain cross sections, propellant burning rate,
Combustion of solid propellants-physical and chemical processes, ignition process, combustion instability;
Hybrid Propellant Rockets: Hybrid rocket operation and hybrid rocket characteristics

UNIT V
Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines: Propellant types: bipropellant, monopropellant, cold gas propellant,
cryogenic propellant, storable propellants, gelled propellant; Propellant Storage- Different propellant tank
arrangements, Propellant feed system-pressure feed, turbo-pump feed; Thrust Chambers-Injectors,
combustion chamber and nozzle, starting and ignition, variable thrust; Combustion of liquid propellants-
combustion process, combustion instability, Thrust vector control

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TEXTBOOKS:
1. Fundamentals of Jet Propulsion with Applications, Ronald D. Flack, Cambridge University Press,
2011
2. Rocket Propulsion Elements, George P. Sutton and Oscar Biblarz, Seventh Edition, Wiley India Pvt.
Ltd, 2010

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Elements of Propulsion: Gas Turbines and Rockets, Jack D. Mattingly, AIAA Education Series, 2006
2. Aircraft Propulsion, Saeed Farokhi, Second Edition, Wiley, 2014
3. Powered Flight: The Engineering of Aerospace Propulsion, David R. Greatrix, Springer, 2012

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech - I Year - II Sem. Aerospace/Aeronautical Engg.

SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

Aim:
To provide an understanding of space transportation systems from the point of view of systems
engineering and design

Outcome:
The students will be able to think space vehicles in terms of total system concept and also get exposed to
different aspects of project management.

UNIT I:
Systems Engineering and Systems Design Considerations: Systems Engineering: What is Systems
Engineering? –systems engineering cycle-systems engineering process-systems engineering in a NASA
context;
Systems Design Considerations: Development environment in launch vehicles, design process-
components of design process, phases in design process, systems engineering flavour to the design
process, system integration, system interfaces and control, tools and methodologies, systems analysis,
modelling and the trade study process, basic launch system trade-off studies

UNIT II:
U. S. Space Shuttle and Expendable Space Transportation Systems: Development of shuttle system
and its subsystems-solid rocket booster development, external tank development, orbiter development;
Expendable launch vehicle design, historical background of existing ELVs, example of typical expendable
launch vehicle conceptual design procedure, evolving the ELV-balancing the space transportation system
design for operations, balancing the payload integration and service, expendable launch vehicle
analyses and option trades.

UNIT III
Ground and Mission Operations & Systems Design Optimization: Steps in launch operations, facility
requirements for launch operations, evolutionary launch operations strategies, designing for ELV launch
operations-ELV operations segment design process; Launch vehicle conceptual design problem-steps in
the design process and importance of MDO methods in design , modelling needs, optimization strategies
and applications-parametric methods, gradient methods, genetic algorithms, collaborative optimization

UNIT IV
Systems Technology Development: Technologies for space launch vehicles and operations, vehicle
technologies, propulsion technologies, ground and mission operations technologies, assessing
technological options, technology prioritization, improving future technology development, technology
transfer and commercialization, applying a commercial development process for access to space, three-
step process in STS commercialization

UNIT V
Program Planning, Management, and Evaluation in STS: Good project management as team
building and a balancing act, types of project management-matrix management, cluster management,
skunk works organization, importance of concurrent engineering and interdisciplinary training,
configuration management-what and why of CM, CM as a discipline, data management, hardware
configuration control; Risk management; Earned value management; Total quality management-strategy,
implementation, lessons learned; Managing ultra-large projects

TEXT BOOK
Walter Hammond, ‘Space Transportation: A Systems Approach to Analysis and Design’, AIAA Education
Series, 1999

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech - I Year - II Sem. Aerospace/Aeronautical Engg.

MECHANICS OF COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

(Core Elective -III)

Aim:
The course provides basic knowledge of composite laminates starting from micro- and macro-mechanics,
constitutive relationship, to normal force-strain and moment-curvature relationship. Subsequently,
laminated thin plate theory is developed and used for deflection, stress and buckling analysis. Finally
methodologies for composite structural design are presented

Outcome:
The students would be in a position to do analysis and design of composite structures using laminated
thin plate theory after completion of the course

UNIT- I:
Introduction to Composite Materials: Classification and characteristics, Mechanical behavior of
composite materials, Basic terminology, Manufacture of laminated fiber-reinforced composite materials,
Current and potential advantages of fiber-reinforced composite materials, Applications of composite
materials.

UNIT II:
Macro and Micro Mechanical Behavior of a Lamina: Introduction, Stress-strain relations for anisotropic
materials, Stiffnesses, compliances, and engineering constants for orthotropic materials, Restrictions on
engineering constants, Stress-strain relations for plane stress in an orthotropic material, Stress-strain
relations for a lamina of arbitrary orientation, Invariant properties of an Orthotropic lamina, Strengths of an
Orthographic lamina, Biaxial strength criteria for an Orthotropic lamina; Micromechanical behavior:
Introduction, Mechanics of materials approach to stiffness, Elasticity approach to stiffness, Comparison of
approaches to stiffness, Mechanics of materials approach to strength

UNIT- III:
Macromechanical Behavior of Laminates: Introduction, Classical lamination theory, Special cases of
laminate stiffness, Theoretical versus measured laminate stiffness; Strength of laminates, Inter-laminar
stresses

UNIT-IV:
Bending and Buckling of Laminated Plates: Introduction, Governing equations, Deflection of simply
supported laminated plates, Under distributed transverse load, Buckling of simply supported laminated
plates under in-plane load

UNIT V:
Introduction to Design of Composite Structures: Introduction to structural design, Materials selection,
Configuration selection; Laminate joints, Design requirements and design failure criteria, Optimization
concepts, Design analysis philosophy for composite structures

TEXT BOOK
Mechanics of Composite Materials, Robert. M. Jones, Second Edition, Taylor and Francis, 1999

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Mechanics of Fibrous composites- Carl. T. Herakovich-John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
2. Advanced Composite Materials, Lalit Gupta, Himalayan Books. New Delhi, 1998

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech - I Year - II Sem. Aerospace/Aeronautical Engg.

FLIGHT VEHICLE DESIGN

(Core Elective– III)
Aim:
To familiarize the students with the principles and practice of conceptual design of flight vehicles

Outcome:
The students will acquire all the necessary skills required for carrying out the conceptual design of any
flight vehicle

UNIT – I:
Overview of Design Process: Categories and types of aircrafts –strength, stiffness, fail safe and fatigue
requirements – Manoeuvering load factors – Gust and manoeuverability envelopes – Balancing and
maneuvering loads on tail planes.

UNIT – II:
Preliminary Design: Selection of geometric and aerodynamic parameters – Weight estimation and
balance diagram – Drag estimation of complete aircraft – Level flight, climb, take – off and landing
calculations – range and endurance.

UNIT –III:
Configuration Layout and Loft: Conic Lofting - Conic Fuselage Development, Conic Shape Parameter,
Wing-Tail Layout & Loft. Aerofoil Linear Interpolation - Flatwrap Interpolation. Wing aerofoil layout-flap
wrap. Wetted area determination. Special considerations in Configuration Layout.

UNIT – IV:
Load Estimates and Structural Design: Estimation of loads on complete aircraft and components –
Structural design of fuselage, wings and undercarriages, controls, connections and joints. Materials for
modern aircraft – Methods of analysis, testing and fabrication.

UNIT – V:
Performance and Stability Estimate: Static and dynamic stability estimates – Longitudinal Stability,
Pitch Trim Equation. Effect of Airframe components on Static Stability, Lateral stability & Directional
stability - Contribution of Airframe components. Control requirements.

TEXT BOOKS
1. D.P. Raymer, “Aircraft conceptual design”, AIAA Series, 1988.
2. E.F. Bruhn, “Analysis and Design of Flight Vehicle Structures”, Tristate Offset Co., U.S.A., 1980.
REFERENCES

1. Aeroplane Design -VOL 1 to 9 - J Roskam

2. G. Corning, “Supersonic & Subsonic Airplane Design”, II Edition, Edwards Brothers Inc., Michigan,
1953.
3. E. Torenbeek, “Synthesis of Subsonic Airplane Design”, Delft University Press, London, 1976.
4. H.N.Kota, “Integrated design approach to Design fly by wire” Lecture notes Interline Pub.
Bangalore, 1992.
5. A.A. Lebedenski, “Notes on airplane design”, Part-I, IISc., Bangalore, 1971.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech - I Year - II Sem. Aerospace/Aeronautical Engg.

HYPERSONIC AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
(Core Elective -III)

Aim:
To introduce to the students the role played by both aerodynamics and thermodynamics in understanding
the fundamental phenomena and various interactions that take place at hypersonic speeds

Outcome:
The students will acquire knowledge to compute aerodynamic forces and moments and also aerodynamic
heating for bodies travelling at hypersonic speeds. They will also have appreciation for the
complementary role of experimentation and of analysis/computation in handling hypersonic flows

UNIT I:
General Characterization of Hypersonic flows: Defining hypersonic flow, Characterizing hypersonic
flow using fluid dynamic phenomenon. Basic Equations of Motion: Equilibrium and non-equilibrium flows,
Equilibrium conditions, Dependent variables, Transport properties, Continuity, momentum and energy
equations, General form of the equations of motion in conservation form.

UNIT II:
Defining The Aerothermodynamic Environment, Experimental Measurements Of Hypersonic
Flows : Empirical correlations complemented by analytical techniques, General comments about CFD,
Computations based on a two layer flow model, Techniques treating entire shock layer in a unified
fashion, Calibration and validation of the CFD codes; Experimental Measurements Of Hypersonic
Flows: Ground-based simulation of hypersonic flows, Ground-based hypersonic facilities,
Experimental data and model design considerations, Flight tests, Importance of interrelating CFD,
ground-test data and flight-test data

UNIT III:
Stagnation-Region Flow Field And Pressure Distribution: Stagnating streamline, Stagnation-point
convective heat transfer, Radiative heat flux; Pressure distribution: Newtonian flow models, Departure
from the Newtonian flow field, Shock-Wave / Boundary Layer (Viscous) Interaction for two-dimensional
compression ramps, Tangent-Cone and Tangent-Wedge approximations, Need for more sophisticated
models, Pressure distributions for a reacting gas, Pressures in separated regions

UNIT IV:
Boundary Layer And Convective Heat Transfer, Viscous Interactions: Boundary Conditions, Metric
or equivalent cross-section radius, Convective heat transfer and skin friction, Effects of surface
catalycity, Base heat transfer in separated flow; Viscous Interactions: Compression ramp flows,
Shock/Shock interactions, Flow field perturbations around swept fins, Corner flows, Examples of
Viscous Interactions for Hypersonic Vehicles: X-15, Space shuttle orbiter, Hypersonic air-breathing
aircraft

UNIT V:
Aerodynamic Forces And Moments, Aerothermodynamics And Design Considerations Of
Hypersonic Vehicles: Newtonian Aerodynamic Coefficients, Re-entry capsule aerodynamics, Shuttle
orbiter aerodynamics, X-15 Aerodynamics, Hypersonic aerodynamics of research plane, Dynamic
stability considerations; Design Considerations: Reentry vehicles, Design philosophy, Design
considerations for rocket-launched/glide reentry vehicles, airbreathing vehicles, combined
rocket/airbreathing powered vehicles, Design of a new vehicle

TEXT BOOK
1. Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics, John J. Bertin, AIAA Education Series, 1994.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics, Second Edition, J. D. Anderson, AIAA
Eucation Series, 2006
2. Basics of Aerothermodynamics, Ernst Heinrich Hirshchel, Springer-Verlag, 2005 8
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech - I Year - II Sem. Aerospace/Aeronautical Engg.

AIRLINE PLANNING, SCHEDULING AND OPERATIONS

(Core Elective– III)
Aim:
To acquaint the students with various aspects involved in the planning, scheduling and operations of
airlines

Outcome:
The students will have exposure to topics like fleet and route planning, fleet assignment, crew scheduling,
flight crew activities during a typical flight and irregular operations in airlines

UNIT I:
Airline Economics, Markets and Demand: Airline Terminology and Definitions-basic airline profit
equation, Air transportation markets, Origin-Destination market demand, Air travel demand models,
Airline competition and market share; Airline Pricing and Revenue Management: Airline prices and O-D
markets, airline differential pricing, airline revenue management; Airline operating Costs: Airline cost
categorization, operating expense comparisons, comparison of airline unit costs; Measures of airline
productivity: aircraft productivity and labour productivity

UNIT II:
The Airline Planning Process: Fleet Planning-airline fleet decisions, fleet planning methods; Route
Planning- Hub economics and network structure, Route planning and evaluation; Airline Schedule
Development-Frequency planning, time table development, fleet assignment and aircraft rotations;
Integrated airline planning

UNIT III:
Airline Schedule Optimization: Schedule optimization problems, Fleet Assignment-The fleet
assignment problem, fleet assignment solutions/impacts, extending basic fleet assignment models,
Schedule Design optimization-Modeling the optimization of flight retiming and fleet assignment problems:
Crew Scheduling- The crew pairing problem, crew scheduling problem solutions and impacts; Aircraft
Maintenance Routing and crew pairing optimization, Future directions for schedule optimization

UNIT IV:
Airline Flight Operations: Regulation and scheduling-General regulatory requirements, flight crew
regulation, flight crew scheduling, Flight crew activities during a typical flight-flight crew sign-in,
operations/planning, pre-flight, pre-departure, gate departure, taxi-out, take off, terminal area departure,
climb, cruise, descent, terminal area arrival, final approach, landing rollout, taxi-in, parking, post-flight

UNIT V:
Irregular Operations: Schedule Recovery and Robustness: Irregular operations: Managing irregular
operations- Airline operations control centers, options for schedule recovery from irregular operations,
Schedule recovery from irregular operations: objectives and process, Evaluating the costs of recovery
options: The challenges imparted by uncertainty and downstream effects; Robust Airline Scheduling:
Robust schedule design, robust fleet assignment, robust aircraft routing, robust crew scheduling

TEXT BOOK
Peter Belobaba, Amedeo Odoni, Cynthia Barnhart (Editors), The Global Airline Industry, Wiley (2009),

9
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech - I Year - II Sem. Aerospace/Aeronautical Engg.

UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS

(Core Elective-III)

Aim: To provide knowledge in various systems that contributes in the design, development and
deployment of unmanned air vehicles

Outcome: The students will acquire knowledge of various disciplines contributing to the design,
development and deployment of UAVs

UNIT I
Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Applications of UAS, categories of UAS systems, roles of
unmanned aircraft, composition of UAV system

UNIT II
Design of UAV Systems-I: Introduction to design and selection of the systems-conceptual phase,
preliminary design, detailed design; Aerodynamics and airframe configurations-Lift-induced Drag,
Parasitic Drag, Rotary-wing Aerodynamics, Response to Air Turbulence, Airframe Configurations;
Medium-range, Tactical Aircraft, Characteristics of Aircraft Types-Long-endurance, Long-range Role
Aircraft, Medium-range, Tactical Aircraft, Close-range/Battlefield Aircraft, MUAV Types, MAV and NAV
Types, UCAV, Novel Hybrid Aircraft Configurations, Aspects of Airframe Design: Scale Effects,
Packaging Density, Aerodynamics, Structures and Mechanisms, Selection of power- plants, Modular
Construction, Ancillary Equipment, Design for Stealth: Acoustic Signature, Visual Signature, Thermal
Signature, Radio/Radar Signature, Payload Types: Non-dispensable and dispensable payloads

UNIT III
Design of UAV Systems-II: Communications-Communication Media, Radio Communication, Mid-air
Collision (MAC) Avoidance, Communications Data Rate and Bandwidth Usage, Antenna Type; Control
and Stability: HTOL Aircraft, Convertible Rotor Aircraft, Payload Control, Sensors, Autonomy;
Navigation: NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS), TACAN, LORAN C, Inertial Navigation, Radio
Tracking, Way-point Navigation; Launch and Recovery; Design for Reliability: Determination of the
Required Level of Reliability, Achieving Reliability, Reliability Data Presentation, Multiplexed Systems,
Reliability by Design, Design for Ease of Maintenance; Design for Manufacture and Development

UNIT IV
The Development of UAV Systems: System Development and Certification-System Development,
Certification, Establishing Reliability; System Ground Testing: UAV Component Testing, UAV Sub-
assembly and Sub-system Testing, Testing Complete UAV, Control Station Testing , Catapult Launch
System Tests, Documentation; System In-flight Testing: Test Sites, Preparation for In-flight Testing, In-
flight Testing, System Certification;

UNIT V
Deployment and Future of UAV Systems: Operational trials and full certification; UAV System
Deployment- Network-centric Operations (NCO), Teaming with Manned and Other Unmanned System;
Naval, arm and air force roles, civilian, paramilitary and commercial roles

TEXTBOOK
Unmanned Aircraft Systems: UAVS Design, Development and Deployment, Reg Austin, Wiley, 2010

REFERENCE BOOK
Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Richard K. Barnhart, Stephen B. Hottman, Douglas M.
Marshall, Eric Shappee, (eds.), CRC Press, 2012

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech - I Year - II Sem. Aerospace/Aeronautical Engg.

AEROELASTICITY OF LAUNCH VEHICLES

(Core Elective - IV)

Aim: The course starts with basic definitions of aeroelastic problems in general and launch vehicles in
particular. It is assumed that students are familiar with launch vehicle structures, structural dynamics and
steady aerodynamics; therefore only necessary basics on these subjects are provided to help to
formulate different static, dynamic, aeroelastic, solid-fluid and control-structure interaction problems.

Outcome: At the end of this course students will be in a position to solve aeroelastic divergence of
complete launch vehicle, flutter of lifting configuration, slosh, POGO, control-structure interactions, and
aeroelastic response problems using appropriate aerodynamic theory.

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Launch Vehicle Aeroelasticity: Collar's aeroelastic triangle, interaction of aerodynamic,
structural and inertial forces, static aeroelasticity phenomena, dynamic aeroelasticity phenomena,
aeroelastic problems at transonic speeds; Launch vehicle dynamic and aeroelastic problems

UNIT – II:
Structural Dynamic and Unsteady Aerodynamic Aspects: Generalized coordinates and generalized
forces, Strain energy, kinetic energy and dissipation function, Lagrange’s equations of motion,
Formulations of structural dynamics equation, Hamilton’s principle, and orthogonality conditions
Small perturbation theory, Two-dimensional unsteady flow over wings, simple harmonic motion,
Theodorsen’s function, modified strip theory from subsonic to hypersonic speeds, slender body
aerodynamics, Piston Theory.

UNIT – III:
Static and Dynamic Aeroelastic Problems: Static aeroelastic studies using slender-body theory –
divergence. Static aeroelastic problems of low aspect ratio lifting surfaces;
Aeroelastic Stability and Control Problems: Formulation of aeroelastic equations for a typical section
at supersonic speeds, Torsion-flexure flutter – solution of flutter determinant, Method of determining the
classical flutter speed using Theodorsen’s and U-g methods, Modal aeroelastic equations using Piston
theory. Panel flutter, aerothermoelastic, aeroservoelastic and aeroservothermoelastic problems

UNIT – IV:
Solid-Fluid and Control-Structure Interaction Problems: Fuel slosh, coupled structure-propulsion
system instability (POGO), pre-launch ground wind loads, wind loads during ascent, Effect of Structural
Flexibility on Launch Vehicle Control System, Aeroelastic effects on control systems dynamics.

UNIT - V:
Aeroelastic Response Due to Separated Flow: Gust and turbulence, Gust response in time domain;
General form of equations in the time domain, Turbulence response in the frequency domain, General
form of equations in the frequency domain; Response of launch vehicle in separated flow

TEXT BOOKS
1. Bisplinghoff, R. L., and Ashley, H., Principles of Aeroelasticity, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York,
N.Y., 1962. Also available in Dover Edition. (BA)
2. Bisplinghoff, R. L., Ashley, H. and Halfman, R. L., Aeroelasticity, Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company, Cambridge, Mass., 1955., Dover Pub., Inc., 1996, (BAH).
3. Fung, Y.C., An Introduction to the Theory of Aeroelasticity, Dover Publication, Inc., 1969.
4. Főrsching, H.W., Grundlagen der Aeroelastik, Springer-Verlag, 1974. (Excellent book, written in
German but easy to understand)
5. Dowell, E.H., (Editor), et al, A Modern Course in Aeroelasticity, Fifth Revised and Enlarged Edition,
Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015. (Advanced text)

REFERENCES
1. AGARD Manual on Aeroelasticity, Vols. I-VII, Beginning 1959 with continual updating. (AGARD)
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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech - I Year - II Sem. Aerospace/Aeronautical Engg.

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL

(Core Elective - IV)

Aim: To make the students know about the functions and procedures of Air Traffic Control

Outcome: The students will have exposure to various aspects of ATC like airspace classification,
navigation aids, communications, control tower procedures, and future developments

UNIT I
Air Traffic Control System Structure: Airspace Classification-general categories of airspace, controlled
versus uncontrolled airspace, IFR flight in controlled and uncontrolled airspace, VFR flight in controlled
and uncontrolled airspace; Airspace Classes-classes A to G, special VFR, federal airways, flight levels,
tango routes, special use airspace, Airport Air Traffic Control Communications-Radio communication,
ATC communication procedures

UNIT II
Air Traffic Control Procedures and Organization: Separation responsibilities in controlled airspace-air
traffic control procedures-delegation of responsibility-controller duties in an air route traffic control centre-
air traffic control tower responsibilities; Control Tower Procedures: control towers, flight data controller
duties, clearance delivery controller duties- ground controller duties, local controller duties

UNIT III
Operation in the National Airspace System: Over view of an IFR flight: Flight planning and IFR
clearances, coded departure route, Traffic flow management programs, alternative routes, clearance
delivery, phoenix airspace, ground control coded departure routes, local control, departure control, en-
route separation , miles in trail restrictions, metering, delay techniques, approach control; example of a
VFR flight; Oceanic and international air traffic control: International air traffic control, international
airspace, European air traffic control

UNIT IV
Future of the National Air Space System : Automated air traffic control: Procedural separation
standards, ATC Modernization, Current ATC Initiatives: Departure delay program, en-route metering
program, en-route sector loading program; Procedural changes: National route program; CNS
Improvements: Communication system changes, required navigation performance, navigation security
and surveillance systems; Air traffic Management: Hardware, Next Generation air traffic control
(NextGen), major components of NextGen, trajectory based operations, flexible airspace management,
collaborative air traffic management, negotiated routes, improved aircraft separation, additional ADS
functions, en-route automation modernization

TEXT BOOK
1. Fundamentals of Air Traffic Control, Michael S Nolan, Fifth Edition, 2011

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech - I Year - II Sem. Aerospace/Aeronautical Engg.

TACTICAL MISSILE DESIGN

(Core Elective - IV)
Aim: To introduce to the students the design process of tactical missiles starting with the mission
requirements and missile characteristics followed by conceptual design and development process

Outcome: The student will have exposure to important missile technologies like aerodynamics,
propulsion, structure, weight, flight performance, warhead lethality. And launch platform integration that
need to be considered in designing tactical missiles

UNIT-I:
Introduction/Key Drivers In Design Process: Tactical Missile characteristics, Conceptual design
process, Examples of State-of-the-Art missiles, Aerodynamic configuration sizing parameters, Examples
of alternatives in establishing mission requirements, Baseline missile

UNIT-II:
Aerodynamic and Propulsion Considerations In Tactical Missile Design: Missile diameter tradeoff,
Nose fineness tradeoff, Boat-tail, Lifting body versus axi-symmetric body, Wings versus no wings,
Normal force prediction for surfaces, Wing aerodynamic center prediction, Wing drag prediction,
Surface planform geometry tradeoffs, Flight control alternatives, Maneuver alternatives, Roll orientation,
Static stability, Tail area sizing, Stability and control conceptual design criteria, Body buildup;
Propulsion Considerations In Tactical Nissile Design: Propulsion alternatives assessment, Ideal
ramjet Mach number and temperature technology limit, Ramjet specific impulse prediction, Ramjet thrust
prediction, Ramjet engine/booster integration, Ramjet inlet options, Ramjet inlet spillage, Inlet shock loss,
Ramjet missile drag due to booster integration, Fuel alternatives, Rocket motor performance, Solid motor
grain alternatives, Solid rocket thrust control, Solid propellant material alternatives, Motor
case alternatives, Rocket nozzle material alternatives

UNIT-III:
Weight and Flight Performance Considerations In Tactical Missile Design: Benefits of lighter weight
missile, Subsystem weight sensitivity to flight performance, Missile weight prediction, Centre-of-
gravity and moment-of-inertia prediction, Factor of safety, Micro-Machined Electro-Mechanical
Systems(MEMS), Manufacturing processes, Airframe material alternative, Aerodynamic heating
prediction, Insulation trades, Insulation material alternatives, Structure design, Seeker dome
materials, Thermal stress, Localized aerodynamic Heating; Flight Performance Considerations In
Tactical Missile Design: Flight performance envelope, Equations of motion modeling, Driving
parameters for flight performance, Cruise flight performance, Steady state flight, Flight trajectory
shaping, Turn radius, Coast flight performance, Boost flight performance, Intercept lead angle and
velocity, Comparison with performance requirements

UNIT-IV:
Measures of Merit And Launch Platform Integration, Sizing Examples: Robustness, Warhead
lethality, Miss distance, Carriage and launch observables, Other survivability considerations,
Reliability, Cost, Launch platform integration; Sizing Examples: Air-to-Air range requirements, Wing
sizing for maneuverability, Weight and miss distance harmonization, Ramjet missile range
robustness, Ramjet propulsion/fuel alternatives, Ramjet missile surface impact velocity, Computer-
Aided sizing for conceptual design, Verification process

UNIT-V:
Development Process, Summary And Lessons Learned: Development Process: Technology
Assessment/Roadmap, Phases of Development/Design maturity, Tactical-missile follow-on programs,
Subsystem integration, Examples of technology development, Examples of State-of-the-Art
advancement, New technologies for tactical missiles; Summary and Lessons Learned: Iterate-the-
System-of-Systems Analysis, Exploit diverse skills, Apply creative skills, Identify high-payoff measures of
merit, Start with a good baseline design, Conduct balanced tradeoffs, Evaluate a broad range of
alternatives, Refine the design, Evaluate technology risk, Maintain real-time documentation,
Develop good documentation, Utilize group skills, Balance the tradeoff of importance versus
priority, Iterate the configuration design, Configuration sizing conceptual design criteria 13
TEXT BOOK: Tactical Missile Design, Eugene L. Freeman, First Edition, AIAA Education Series, 2001
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech - I Year - II Sem. Aerospace/Aeronautical Engg.

NAVIGATION, GUIDANCE AND CONTROL

(Core elective -IV)

Aim: To introduce to the students the basic aspects navigation, guidance and control used in aerospace
systems

Outcome: The students will acquire insight into various aspects of navigation, guidance and control and
will be able to contribute to the design and analysis of aerospace systems

UNIT I
Basic Aspects of Navigation Systems: Definition of navigation, guidance versus navigation, categories
of navigation, Navigation equations-geometry of the Earth, coordinate frames, dead-reckoning
computations, positioning, terrain matching navigation, course computation, navigation errors

UNIT-II
Terrestrial-Radio Navigation and Inertial Navigation Systems: Terrestrial–radio navigation systems-
General principles , system design considerations, point source systems, hyperbolic systems- LORAN,
OMEGA, DECCA; Satellite-Radio Navigation-System configuration, basics of satellite radio navigation,
NAVSTAR global positioning system; Inertial navigation system, instruments and platforms,
mechanization equations, error analysis, alignment, fundamental limits

UNIT-III
Missile Guidance: Fundamentals of missile guidance, basic results in interception and avoidance,
command and homing guidance; Guidance laws - Pursuit, Line-of-Sight, Command to Line-of-Sight,
Beam Rider, Constant Bearing guidance laws, Proportional Navigation (PN) and its variants like T (True)
PN, P (Pure) PN, B (Biased) PN, G (Generalized)PN, and I (Ideal) PN.

UNIT IV
Control Systems Modelling and Analysis: Basic components of a control system, open loop and
closed loop control systems, transfer function, state-space representation of dynamical systems; time
response of feedback systems-standard test signals, unit step response of first and second order
systems, time response specifications of second order systems, root locus techniques-root locus
concepts, construction of root loci, controller design using root locus,

UNIT V
Frequency Response Analysis of Control Systems: Correlation between time and frequency
response, Bode plots, , assessment of relative stability using Bode plots, Nyquist stability criterion,
stability analysis, relative stability, control system design by frequency response, lead, lag and lead-lag
compensations

TEXT BOOKS
1. Avionics Navigation Systems, Second Edition, Myron Kayton and Walter R. Freid, John Wiley &
Sons, 1997
2. Tactical and Strategic Missile Guidance, P. Zarchan, AIAA, 2007.
3. Modern Control Engineering, Fourth Edition, Katsuhiko Ogata, Prentice Hall, 2002

REFERENCE BOOK
1. Missile Guidance and Control Systems, G.M. Siouris, Springer Verlag, 2004

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech - I Year - II Sem. Aerospace/Aeronautical Engg.

VISCOUS FLUID FLOW

(Core Elective-IV)

Aim: To introduce to students the methods and techniques in viscous flow theory, and make them
understand the mathematical and physical concepts of viscous flows

Outcome: Upon completion of the course the students will be able to formulate and solve fluid flow
problems arising in aerospace engineering and other fields

UNIT-I:
Principles of Viscous Flow: Introduction, Classification of fundamental equations, continuity
equation, derivation of Navier-stoke’s equations for viscous compressible flow, energy equation,
boundary conditions for viscous heat conducting flow, vorticity considerations in incompressible
viscous flows.

UNIT- II:
Solutions of the Newtonian Viscous Flow Equations: introduction, Couette flows, Poiseuille
flow through ducts, un steady flows , wind driven flows, similarity solutions

UNIT-III:
Laminar Boundary layer concepts: Introduction, laminar boundary layer equations, similarity solutions for
steady 2-D flow, approximate integral methods, thermal boundary layer calculations, flow though ducts,
Creeping motion, expressions for local & mean drag coefficients for different velocity profiles

UNIT-IV:
Concepts of incompressible turbulent mean flow: Fundamental concept of turbulence- time averaged
equations- boundary layer equations- Prandtl mixing length model-approximate solutions for drag coefficient
– More refined turbulent models – K-epsilon model – Boundary layer separation, control, lift on circular
cylinders turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate, turbulent flow in pipes & channels

UNIT-V:
Compressible fluid flow: Basics of thermo dynamics, acoustic velocity – Derivation of equation for
Mach number- flow regimes-Mach angle-Mach cone – Stagnation state. Property relationships in
terms of mach number, nozzles, diffusers-Fanno and Rayleigh lines, Iso thermal flow in long ducts-
normal compressible shock, oblique shock, compressible turbulent flow past a flat plate

TEXT BOOKS:
1. White, F.M., Viscous Fluid Flow, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 2006.
2. Schlichting, H., Boundary layer Theory, Springer, McGraw-Hill, 1979.
.
REFERENCES:
1. Yuan Shao-Wen, Foundations of Fluid Mechanics, Prentice Hall, Students International Edition,
1970
2. Shih-I Pai, An Introduction to the Theory of Compressible Flow, van Nostrand, 1959.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech - I Year - II Sem. Aerospace/Aeronautical Engg.

INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS AND WIND ENERGY

(Open Elective-II)

Aim: The student will learn about the origin and nature of different types of atmospheric winds from
gentle breeze to destructive cyclones. He/She will gain insight into how atmospheric wind affects civil
structure, occasionally resulting in failure. He/She will also learn how atmospheric wind is used to
produce power and how aerodynamics can be applied to improve performance of ground vehicles like
cars, trucks etc.

Outcome: Students will be able to know different types of atmospheric winds and their effects on civil
structures. Further they will be able to apply to know how atmospheric wind is used to produce power and
improve the performance of ground vehicle like cars, trucks etc.

UNIT-I
Atmospheric Winds and Atmospheric Boundary Layer: Causes of wind thermal drive, Coriolis effect,
pressure gradient effect, Geotrophic winds.
Land and sea breeze, mountain winds, thermals, cause of turbulence at ground level. Atmospheric
boundary layer, velocity profile laws-effects of terrain on atmospheric boundary Layer. Wind tunnels basic
features and components. Wind tunnel models-role of non-dimensional groups. Creation of atmospheric
boundary Layer type flow in a wind tunnel

UNIT-II
Wind Energy: Ship propulsion-sails-lift and drag translators-modern yachts. Horizontal (HAWT) and
vertical axis (VAWT) wind turbines-history, first example of automatic feedback control for yaw in 16th
century English windmills, classification. Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT)- elementary actuator disc
theory-Betz coefficient. Definition of power coefficient &torque coefficient for all wind turbines
Working principle, power coefficients, tip speed ratio explanation: by introductory blade element theory-
conventional horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT), Savonious vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT), Darrieus
VAWT, merits and demerits of HAWTs and VAWTs.

UNIT-III
Vehicle Aerodynamics: relative importance of rolling resistance and aerodynamics resistance, power
requirements and drag coefficients of automobiles-notch front and notch rear wind screens versus
streamlined shape, Causes of vortex formation and drag—attached transverse vortex , trailing vortex,
trailing vortex drag-effect of floor height on lift, effects of cut bank angle, rear end taper: side panels and
bottom. Effects of chamfering of edges and cambering of roof & side panels. Racing cars- traction and
steering strip and use of aerofoils, high cornering speed. Commercial transport vehicles-drag reduction
on buses and trucks; driver cabin and trailer combinations

UNIT-IV
Building Aerodynamics: Use of light weight components in modern buildings, pressure distribution on
low-rise buildings, wind forces on buildings-aerodynamics of flat plate and circular cylinder , critical
Reynold’s no, sub -, super- & ultra critical Reynold’s No. Role of wind tunnel requirements in determining
shape factors (Drag coefficients) of building/structure shapes such as circular cylinder (chimneys &
towers), rectangle, I- shape, L-shape, H-shape etc. vortex shedding & transverse oscillating loads.
Slenderness ratio & correction factor. Special problems of tall buildings, interference effect of building.

UNIT-V
Flow Induced Vibations: Classification – vortex induced vibration & flow induced instability such as
Galloping & Stall flutter. Effects of Reynolds number on wake formation of bluff shapes. Vortex induced
vibration – experimental determination of Strouhal numbers for different shapes such as circular cylinder,
square, rectangle, L-shape etc, universal Strouhal number, unsteady Bernoulli equation, concept of
added mass, Resonance, fluid – structure interaction – effect of transverse cylinder motion on flow and
wake, “lock-in” vortex shedding near resonant frequency, experimental evidence of cylindrical motion
influencing flow and thereby reducing strength of shed vortices. Methods of suppression of vortex
induced vibration.
Galloping & Stall flutter – motion of one degree-of-freedom, quasi steady flow assumption, Aerodynamic 16
damping, Galloping – force in the direction of plunging (transverse motion ) and positive force coefficient,
critical speed, Galloping of transmission wire with winter ice, stall flutter of airfoils.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Blevins R.D Flow Induced Vibrations, Van Nostard, 1990.
2. Sachs. P. Wind Forces in Engineering, Pergamon press 1988.
3. Calvert N.G. Wind Power Principles, Charles Griffin & co. London,1979.

REFERENCES:
1. Scorer R.S. Environmental Aerodynamics, Ellis Harwood Ltd, England, 1978.
2. Sovran, M. Aerodynamics Drag Mechanisms of Bluff Bodies and Road vehicles, plenum press,
N.Y.1978.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech - I Year - II Sem. Aerospace/Aeronautical Engg.

GROUND VEHICLE AERODYNAMICS

(Open Elective-II)

Aim: To broaden the understanding of aerodynamics of ground vehicles and analyze the stability, safety
and comfort of the vehicles

Outcome: At the end of the course, the students will gain insight on major aerodynamic features
associated with different types of ground vehicles and will be able to apply the basic principles of
aerodynamics for the design of ground vehicle bodies

UNIT I:
Overview and Introduction: Historical developments and trends, fundamentals of fluid mechanics, flow
phenomenon related to vehicles, external and internal flow problem, resistance to vehicle motion,
Mechanics of air flow around a vehicle, pressure distribution, Aerodynamic forces, Vehicle drag and
types, side and lift forces, cars as a bluff body, flow field around car, performance potential of vehicle
aerodynamics.

UNIT II:
Aerodynamic Drag and Shape Optimization of Cars: Cars as a bluff body, flow field around a car,
analysis of aerodynamic drag, drag coefficient of cars, strategies for aerodynamic development, low drag
profiles.
Front end modification, front and rear wind shield angle, boat tailing, hatch back, fast back and square
back, dust flow patterns at the rear. Effect of rear configuration, effect of fasteners

UNIT III:
Vehicle Handling and Stability: Origin, characteristics and effects of forces and moments on a vehicle,
lateral stability problems, vehicle dynamics under side winds-dirt accumulation on the vehicle, wind noise-
Mechanisms and generation design features, measurement and techniques.

UNIT IV:
Race Car Aerodynamics: Basic vehicle body concepts, aerodynamics of the complete vehicle, flow over
wheels, sliding seal and skirts, under body channels, simple add ons: spoilers, strakes and wickers,
internal flow, Race car wings, most current examples in detail- design, aerodynamic behaviour and flow
field.

UNIT V:
Measurement and Test Techniques: Wind tunnel- scope, Fundamental techniques, simulation
limitations, prototype tests, wind tunnel types and testing methods, Test techniques- scope, measuring
equipment and transducers, road testing methods

TEXT BOOKS
1. Wolf- Heinrich Hucho, Aerodynamics of Road vehicles, SAE International 1998
2. A. Pope- “Wind Tunnel Testing”- John wiley & sons- 2nd Edition, New York- 1974
3. Race Car Aerodynamics Designing for Speed- Joseph Katz, Bentley Publishers
REFERENCES:
1. Automotive Aerodynamics: Update SP-706- SAE- 1987
2. Vehicle Aerodynamics – SP-1145- SAE-1996

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Tech - I Year - II Sem. Aerospace/Aeronautical Engg.

CFD/CSA SIMULATIONS USING ANSYS/NASTRAN

Aim:
To familiarize the student with analysis of aircraft components in virtual environment

Outcome:
The student will be able to solve the problems in the design and modelling of aircraft structures and
aerodynamics using commercial software packages.

I Flow Simulation using ANSYS/FLUENT

 Simulation of flow past airfoils and wings
 Simulation of compressible flow in convergent-divergent nozzle
 Simulation of compressible flow in a compressor

II Aerospace Structural Analysis using ANSYS /NASTRAN

 Structural analysis of aircraft wing
 Structural analysis of aircraft wing (composite material)
 Analysis of fuselage
 Rocket motor case analysis
 Structural and thermal analysis of rocket nozzles
 Fractural mechanics of crack propagation

REFERENCES
1. Engineering analysis with ANSYS software, Y. Nakasone, S.Yoshimoto, T.A. Stolarski, Elsevier
Publication, 2006.
2. MSC Nastran 2014.1 Quick Reference Guide, Jun. 2015.
3. Computational Fluid Mechanics And Heat Transfer, Second Edition, John C.Tannehill,
DaleA.Anderson, Richard H.Pletcher, Taylor & Francis Publication, 1997.
4. Computational Fluid Dynamics T.J.Chug, Cambridge University Press, 2002.

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