JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M.TECH. (COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS)

COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS

I Year – II Semester
Category Course Title Int. Ext. L P C
marks marks
Core Course IV Coding Theory and Techniques 25 75 4 -- 4
Core Course V Optical Communications Technology 25 75 4 -- 4
Core Course VI 4G Technologies 25 75 4 -- 4
Core Elective III Wireless LANs and PANs 25 75 4 -- 4
Wireless MIMO Communications
Ad-hoc Wireless Networks
Core Elective IV Network Security And Cryptography 25 75 4 -- 4
Advanced Communications and Networks
Multimedia and signal coding
Open Elective II Scripting languages 25 75 4 -- 4
Image and Video Processing
GPS and Applications.
Laboratory II Wireless Communications and Networks Lab 25 75 -- 4 2
Seminar II Seminar 50 -- -- 4 2
Total Credits 24 8 28

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Commn. Systems)

CODING THEORY AND TECHNIQUES

UNIT – I:
Coding for Reliable Digital Transmission and storage: Mathematical model of Information, A
Logarithmic Measure of Information, Average and Mutual Information and Entropy, Types of Errors,
Error Control Strategies.
Linear Block Codes: Introduction to Linear Block Codes, Syndrome and Error Detection, Minimum
Distance of a Block code, Error-Detecting and Error-correcting Capabilities of a Block code, Standard
array and Syndrome Decoding, Probability of an undetected error for Linear Codes over a BSC,
Hamming Codes. Applications of Block codes for Error control in data storage system

UNIT - II:
Cyclic Codes : Description, Generator and Parity-check Matrices, Encoding, Syndrome Computation
and Error Detection, Decoding ,Cyclic Hamming Codes, Shortened cyclic codes, Error-trapping
decoding for cyclic codes, Majority logic decoding for cyclic codes.

UNIT – III:
Convolutional Codes : Encoding of Convolutional Codes, Structural and Distance Properties,
maximum likelihood decoding, Sequential decoding, Majority- logic decoding of Convolution codes.
Application of Viterbi Decoding and Sequential Decoding, Applications of Convolutional codes in ARQ
system.

UNIT – IV:
Turbo Codes: LDPC Codes- Codes based on sparse graphs, Decoding for binary erasure channel,
Log-likelihood algebra, Brief propagation, Product codes, Iterative decoding of product codes,
Concatenated convolutional codes- Parallel concatenation, The UMTS Turbo code, Serial
concatenation, Parallel concatenation, Turbo decoding

UNIT - V:
Space-Time Codes: Introduction, Digital modulation schemes, Diversity, Orthogonal space- Time
Block codes, Alamouti’s schemes, Extension to more than Two Transmit Antennas, Simulation
Results, Spatial Multiplexing : General Concept, Iterative APP Preprocessing and Per-layer Decoding,
Linear Multilayer Detection, Original BLAST Detection, QL Decomposition and Interface Cancellation,
Performance of Multi – Layer Detection Schemes, Unified Description by Linear Dispersion Codes.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Error Control Coding- Fundamentals and Applications –Shu Lin, Daniel J.Costello,Jr, Prentice
Hall, Inc.
2. Error Correcting Coding Theory-Man Young Rhee- 1989, McGraw-Hill

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Error Correcting Coding Theory-Man Young Rhee-1989,McGraw – Hill Publishing,
2. Digital Communications-Fundamental and Application - Bernard Sklar, PE.
th
3. Digital Communications- John G. Proakis, 5 ed., 2008, TMH.
4. Introduction to Error Control Codes-Salvatore Gravano-oxford
5. Error Correction Coding – Mathematical Methods and Algorithms – Todd K.Moon, 2006, Wiley
India.
6. Information Theory, Coding and Cryptography – Ranjan Bose, 2nd Edition, 2009, TMH.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Commn. Systems)

OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY

UNIT –I:
Signal propagation in Optical Fibers: Geometrical Optics approach and Wave Theory approach,
Loss and Bandwidth, Chromatic Dispersion, Non Linear effects- Stimulated Brillouin and Stimulated
Raman Scattering, Propagation in a Non-Linear Medium, Self- Phase Modulation and Cross Phase
Modulation, Four Wave Mixing, Principle of Solitons.

UNIT –II:
Fiber Optic Components for Communication & Networking: Couplers, Isolators and Circulators,
Multiplexers, Bragg Gratings, Fabry-Perot Filters, Mach Zender Interferometers, Arrayed Waveguide
Grating, Tunable Filters, High Channel Count Multiplexer Architectures, Optical Amplifiers, Direct
and External Modulation Transmitters, Pump Sources for Amplifiers, Optical Switches and
Wavelength Converters.

UNIT –III:
Modulation and Demodulation: Signal formats for Modulation, Subcarrier Modulation and
Multiplexing, Optical Modulations – Duobinary, Single Side Band and Multilevel Schemes, Ideal and
Practical receivers for Demodulation, Bit Error Rates, Timing Recovery and Equalization, Reed-
Solomon Codes for Error Detection and Correction.

UNIT -IV:
Transmission System Engineering: System Model, Power Penalty in Transmitter and Receiver,
Optical Amplifiers, Crosstalk and Reduction of Crosstalk, Cascaded Filters, Dispersion Limitations
and Compensation Techniques.

UNIT –V:
Fiber Non-linearities and System Design Considerations: Limitation in High Speed and WDM
Systems due to Non-linearities in Fibers, Wavelength Stabilization against Temperature Variations,
Overall System Design considerations – Fiber Dispersion, Modulation, Non-Linear Effects,
Wavelengths, All Optical Networks.

TEXT BOOKS:
nd
1. Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan, 2 Ed.,
2004, Elsevier Morgan Kaufmann Publishers (An Imprint of Elsevier).
2. Optical Fiber Communications – Gerd Keiser, 3 ed., 2000, McGraw Hill.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice–John.M.Senior, 2nd Ed., 2000, PE.
2. Fiber Optics Communication – Harold Kolimbris, 2nd Ed., 2004, PEI
nd
3. Optical Networks: Third Generation Transport Systems – Uyless Black, 2 Ed.,2009, PEI
nd
4. Optical Fiber Communications – Govind Agarwal, 2 Ed., 2004, TMH.
5. Optical Fiber Communications and Its Applications – S.C.Gupta, 2004, PHI.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Commn. Systems)

4G TECHNOLOGIES

UNIT I:
2G and 3G Technology:
Second Generation (2G) - Overview, Enhancements over 1G Systems, Integration with Existing 1G
Systems, GSM, IS-136 System Description, IS-95 System Description, iDEN (Integrated Dispatch
Enhanced Network), CDPD
Third Generation (3G)- Overview, Introduction, Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service
(UMTS), UMTS Services, The UMTS Air Interface, Overview of the 3GPP Release 1999 Network
Architecture, Overview of the 3GPP Release 4 Network Architecture, Overview of the 3GPP Release
5 All-IP Network Architecture, Overview CDMA2000, Commonality Between, DMA/CDMA2000/CDM

UNIT II:
The Evolution Generation (2.5G): What Is 2.5G?,Enhancements over 2G, Technology Platforms,
General Packet Radio Service, (GPRS), Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE),High-
Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD), CDMA2000 (1XRTT), WAP, Migration Path from 2G to 2.5G
to 3G,

UNIT III:
OFDM: Introduction to OFDM, Multicarrier Modulation and Cyclic Prefix, Channel model and SNR
performance, OFDM Issues – PAPR, Frequency and Timing Offset Issues.

UNIT IV:
UWB: UWB Definition and Features, UWB Wireless Channels, UWB Data Modulation, Uniform Pulse
Train.

UNIT V:
4G Cellular Technology: 4G evolution, objectives of the projected 4G, advantages of 4G network
technology over 3G, applications of 4G, 4G technologies, Smart antenna techniques, 4G software,
New technologies in cellular data networks.

TEXT BOOKS:
nd
1. 3G Wireless Networks, 2 ed., Clint Smith, P.E , Daniel Collins
2. Mobile Cellular Communication, Gottapu Sasibhuhsana Rao, PEARSON, 2013
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. 3G Networks Architecture, Protocols and Procedures, Sumith Kaseara, Nishit Narang
2. Wireless Networking complete by Zheng ISBN 9789351071563, First Indian reprint 2014.,
Elsevier publication
3. Towards 4G Technologies: Services with Initiative by Hendrik Berndt John Wiley & Sons
4. Advanced Wireless Networks: 4G Technologies By Savo G. Glisic John Wiley & Sons
5.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Commn. Systems)

WIRELESS LANS AND PANS

(Core Elective –III)

UNIT –I:
Wireless System & Random Access Protocols: Introduction, First and Second Generation Cellular
Systems, Cellular Communications from 1G to 3G, Wireless 4G systems, The Wireless Spectrum;
Random Access Methods: Pure ALOHA, Slotted ALOHA, Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA),
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD), Carrier Sense Multiple Access
with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA).

UNIT –II:
Wireless LANs: Introduction, importance of Wireless LANs, WLAN Topologies, Transmission
Techniques: Wired Networks, Wireless Networks, comparison of wired and Wireless LANs; WLAN
Technologies: Infrared technology, UHF narrowband technology, Spread Spectrum technology

UNIT –III:
The IEEE 802.11 Standard for Wireless LANs: Network Architecture, Physical layer, The Medium
Access Control Layer; MAC Layer issues: Hidden Terminal Problem, Reliability, Collision avoidance,
Congestion avoidance, Congestion control, Security, The IEEE 802.11e MAC protocol

UNIT –IV:
Wireless PANs: Introduction, importance of Wireless PANs, The Bluetooth technology: history and
applications, technical overview, the Bluetooth specifications, piconet synchronization and Bluetooth
clocks, Master-Slave Switch; Bluetooth security; Enhancements to Bluetooth: Bluetooth interference
issues, Intra and Inter Piconet scheduling, Bridge selection, Traffic Engineering, QoS and Dynamics
Slot Assigment, Scatternet formation.

UNIT –V:
The IEEE 802.15 working Group for WPANs: The IEEE 802.15.3, The IEEE 802.15.4, ZigBee
Technology, ZigBee components and network topologies, The IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN Device
architecture: Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, The Network Layer, Applications; IEEE 802.15.3a Ultra
wideband.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks, Carlos de Morais Cordeiro and Dharma Prakash Agrawal,
Worls Scientific, 2011.
2. Wireless Communications and Networking, Vijay K.Garg, Morgan Kaufmann
Publishers,2009.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Wireless Networks - Kaveh Pahlaram, Prashant Krishnamurthy, PHI, 2002.
2. Wireless Communication- Marks Ciampor, Jeorge Olenewa, Cengage Learning, 2007.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Computers & Commn. Engg.)

WIRELESS MIMO COMMUNICATIONS

(Core Elective –III)

UNIT I
Fading Channels and Diversity Techniques:Wireless channels – Error/Outage probability over
fading channels – Diversity techniques – Channel coding as a means of time diversity – Multiple
antennas in wireless communications.

UNIT II
Capacity and Information Rates of MIMO Channels: Capacity and Information rates of noisy,
AWGN and fading channels – Capacity of MIMO channels – Capacity of non-coherent MIMO
channels – Constrained signaling for MIMO communications.

UNIT III
Space-Time Block and Trellis Codes: Transmit diversity with two antennas: The Alamouti scheme –
Orthogonal. and Quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes – Linear dispersion codes – Generic
space-time trellis codes – Basic space-time code design principles – Representation of space-time
trellis codes for PSK constellation – Performance analysis for space-time trellis codes – Comparison
of space-time block and trellis codes.

UNIT IV
Concatenated Codes and Iterative Decoding: Development of concatenated codes –
Concatenated codes for AWGN and MIMO channels – Turbo coded modulation for MIMO channels –
Concatenated space-time block coding.

UNIT V :
Space-Time Coding for Frequency Selective Fading Channels : MIMO frequency-selective
channels – Capacity and Information rates of MIMO FS fading channels.
– Space-time coding and Channel detection for MIMO FS channels – MIMO OFDM systems.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Tolga M. Duman and Ali Ghrayeb, “Coding for MIMO Communication systems”, John Wiley &
Sons, West Sussex, England, 2007.
2. A.B. Gershman and N.D. Sidiropoulus, “Space-time processing for MIMO
communications”,Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2005.

REFERENCES
1. E.G. Larsson and P. Stoica, “Space-time block coding for Wireless communications”,
Cambridge University Press, 2003.
2. M. Janakiraman, “Space-time codes and MIMO systems”, Artech House, 2004.
3. H. Jafarkhani, “Space-time coding: Theory & Practice”, Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Computers & Commn. Engg.)

AD-HOC WIRELESS NETWORKS

(Core Elective –III)

UNIT - I:
Wireless Local Area Networks
Introduction, wireless LAN Topologies, Wireless LAN Requirements,
Physical Layer- Infrared Physical Layer, Microwave based Physical Layer Alternatives, Medium
Access Control Layer- HIPERLAN 1 Sublayer, IEEE 802.11 MAC Sublayer and Latest
Developments-802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g
Personal Area Networks: Introduction to PAN technology and Applications, Bluetooth -specifications,
Radio Channel, Piconets and Scatternets, Inquiry, Paging and Link Establishment, Packet Format,
Link Types, Power Management, Security, Home RF -Physical and MAC Layer

UNIT - II:
MAC Protocols
Introduction, Issues in Designing a MAC protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Design goals of a
MAC Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Classifications of MAC Protocols, Contention - Based
Protocols, Contention - Based Protocols with reservation Mechanisms, Contention – Based MAC
Protocols with Scheduling Mechanisms, MAC Protocols that use Directional Antennas, Other MAC
Protocols.

UNIT - III:
Routing Protocols
Introduction, Issues in Designing a Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Classification of
Routing Protocols, Table –Driven Routing Protocols, On – Demand Routing Protocols, Hybrid Routing
Protocols, Routing Protocols with Efficient Flooding Mechanisms, Hierarchical Routing Protocols,
Power – Aware Routing Protocols.

UNIT – IV:
Transport Layer Protocols
Introduction, Issues in Designing a Transport Layer Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Design
Goals of a Transport Layer Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Classification of Transport Layer
Solutions, TCP Over Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Other Transport Layer Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless
Networks.

UNIT – V:
Quality of Service in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks:
Introduction, Real Time Traffic Support in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, QoS Parameters in Ad Hoc
Wireless Network, Issues and Challenges in providing QoS in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks,
Classification of QoS Solutions: MAC Layer Solutions, Cluster TDMA, IEEE 802.11e, DBASE,
Network Layer Solutions, QoS Routing Protocols, Ticket Based QoS Routing Protocol, Predictive
Location Based QoS routing protocol, Trigger Based Distributed QoS Routing Protocol, QoS enabled
AODV Routing Protocol, Bandwidth QoS Routing Protocol, On Demand QoS Routing Protocol, On
Demand Link-State Multipath QoS Routing Protocol, Asynchronous Slot Allocation Strategies. QoS
Frameworks for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols - C. Siva Ram Murthy and B.S.Manoj,
2004, PHI.
2. Wireless Networks -P Nicopolitidis and M S Obaidat, Wiley India Edition 2003.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Wireless Communication Technology- Roy Blake, CENGAGE,2012
2. Wireless Ad- hoc and Sensor Networks: Protocols, Performance and Control - Jagannathan
Sarangapani, CRC Press.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Commn. Systems)

NETWORK SECURITY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY

(Core Elective –IV)

UNIT -I:
Introduction: Attacks, Services and Mechanisms, Security attacks, Security services, A Model for
Internetwork security.
Classical Techniques: Conventional Encryption model, Steganography, Classical Encryption
Techniques.
Modern Techniques: Simplified DES, Block Cipher Principles, Data Encryption standard, Strength of
DES, Differential and Linear Cryptanalysis, Block Cipher Design Principles and Modes of operations.

UNIT -II:
Encryption Algorithms: Triple DES, International Data Encryption algorithm, Blowfish, RC5, CAST-
128, RC2, Characteristics of Advanced Symmetric block ciphers.
Conventional Encryption: Placement of Encryption function, Traffic confidentiality, Key distribution,
Random Number Generation.

UNIT -III:
Public Key Cryptography: Principles, RSA Algorithm, Key Management, Diffie-Hellman Key
exchange, Elliptic Curve Cryptography.
Number Theory: Prime and Relatively prime numbers, Modular arithmetic, Fermat’s and Euler’s
theorems, Testing for primality, Euclid’s Algorithm, the Chinese remainder theorem, Discrete
logarithms.

UNIT -IV:
Message Authentication and Hash Functions: Authentication requirements and functions,
Message Authentication, Hash functions, Security of Hash functions and MACs.
Hash and Mac Algorithms: MD File, Message digest Algorithm, Secure Hash Algorithm, RIPEMD-
160, HMAC.
Digital signatures and Authentication protocols: Digital signatures, Authentication Protocols, Digital
signature standards.
Authentication Applications: Kerberos, X.509 directory Authentication service.
Electronic Mail Security: Pretty Good Privacy, S/MIME.

UNIT –V:
IP Security: Overview, Architecture, Authentication, Encapsulating Security Payload, Combining
security Associations, Key Management. Web Security: Web Security requirements, Secure sockets
layer and Transport layer security, Secure Electronic Transaction.
Intruders, Viruses and Worms: Intruders, Viruses and Related threats.
Fire Walls: Fire wall Design Principles, Trusted systems.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice - William Stallings, Pearson
Education.
2. Network Security Essentials (Applications and Standards) - William Stallings Pearson
Education.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Fundamentals of Network Security - Eric Maiwald (Dreamtech press)
2. Network Security - Private Communication in a Public World - Charlie Kaufman, Radia
Perlman and Mike Speciner, Pearson/PHI.
3. Principles of Information Security - Whitman, Thomson.
4. Network Security: The complete reference - Robert Bragg, Mark Rhodes, TMH
5. Introduction to Cryptography - Buchmann, Springer.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Commn. Systems)

ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS

(Core Elective –IV)

UNIT I
Spread Spectrum Communications
Spreading sequences- Properties of Spreading Sequences, Pseudo- noise sequence, Gold
sequences, Kasami sequences, Walsh Sequences, Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor
Sequences, Barker Sequence, Complementary Codes
Direct sequence spread spectrum – DS-CDMA Model, Conventional receiver, Rake Receiver,
Synchronization in CDMA, Power Control, Soft handoff, Multiuser detection – Optimum multiuser
detector, Liner multiuser detection.

UNIT II
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Basic Principles of Orthogonality, Single vs Multicarrier Systems, OFDM Block Diagram and Its
Explanation, OFDM Signal Mathematical Representation, Selection parameter for Modulation, Pulse
shaping in OFDM Signal and Spectral Efficiency, Window in OFDM Signal and Spectrum,
Synchronization in OFDM, Pilot Insert in OFDM Transmission and Channel Estimation, Amplitude
Limitations in OFDM, FFT Point Selection Constraints in OFDM, CDMA vs OFDM, Hybrid OFDM.

UNIT III
MIMO Systems
Introduction, Space Diversity and System Based on Space Diversity, Smart Antenna system and
MIMO, MIMO Based System Architecture, MIMO Exploits Multipath, Space – Time Processing,
Antenna Consideration for MIMO, MIMO Channel Modelling, MIMO Channel Measurement, MIMO
Channel Capacity, Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD), Space Time Coding, Advantages and Applications of
MIMO in Present Context, MIMO Applications in 3G Wireless System and Beyond, MIMO-OFDM

UNIT IV
Wireless LANs/IEEE 802.11x: Introduction to IEEE802.11x Technologies, Evolution of wireless
LANs, IEEE 802.11 Design Issues, IEEE 802.11 Services, IEEE 802.11 MAC Layer operations, IEEE
802.11 Layer1, IEEE 802.11 a/b/g Higher Rate Standards, Wireless LAN Security, Computing
Wireless Technologies, Typical WLAN Hardware

UNIT V
Wireless PANs/IEEE 802.15x: Introduction to IEEE 802.15x Technologies,
Wireless PAN Applications and Architecture, IEEE 802.15.1 Physical Layer Details, Bluetooth Link
Controllers Basics, Bluetooth Link Controllers Operational States, IEEE 802.15.1 Protocols and Host
Control Interface. Evaluation of IEEE 802.15 Standards
Broad Band Wireless MANs/IEEE 802.16x
Introduction to WMAN/IEEE 802.16x Technology, IEEE 802.16Wireless MANs, IEEE 802.16 MAC
Layer Details, IEEE 802.16 Physical Layer Details, IEEE 802.16 Physical Layer Details for 2-11 GHz,
IEEE 802.16 Common System Operations.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Introduction to Wireless Telecommunications Systems and Networks – Gary J. Mullett,
CENGAGE
2. Wireless Communication-Upena Dalal, Oxford University Press, 2009
REFERENCES
1. Wireless Communication System –Ke-Lin Du & M N S Swamy, Cambridge University Press,
2010
2. Mobile Cellular Communication - Gottapu Sasibhusan Rao, PEARSON

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Commn. Systems)

MULTIMEDIA AND SIGNAL CODING

(Core Elective –IV)

UNIT -I:
Introduction to Multimedia: Multimedia, World Wide Web, Overview of Multimedia Tools, Multimedia
Authoring, Graphics/ Image Data Types, and File Formats.
Color in Image and Video: Color Science – Image Formation, Camera Systems, Gamma Correction,
Color Matching Functions, CIE Chromaticity Diagram, Color Monitor Specifications, Out-of-Gamut
Colors, White Point Correction, XYZ to RGB Transform, Transform with Gamma Correction, L*A*B*
Color Model. Color Models in Images – RGB Color Model for CRT Displays, Subtractive Color: CMY
Color Model, Transformation from RGB to CMY, Under Color Removal: CMYK System, Printer
Gamuts, Color Models in Video – Video Color Transforms, YUV Color Model, YIQ Color Model, Ycbcr
Color Model.

UNIT -II:
Video Concepts: Types of Video Signals, Analog Video, Digital Video.
Audio Concepts: Digitization of Sound, Quantization and Transmission of Audio.

UNIT -III:
Compression Algorithms:
Lossless Compression Algorithms: Run Length Coding, Variable Length Coding, Arithmetic
Coding, Lossless JPEG, Image Compression.
Lossy Image Compression Algorithms: Transform Coding: KLT And DCT Coding, Wavelet Based
Coding.
Image Compression Standards: JPEG and JPEG2000.

UNIT -IV:
Video Compression Techniques: Introduction to Video Compression, Video Compression Based on
Motion Compensation, Search for Motion Vectors, H.261- Intra-Frame and Inter-Frame Coding,
Quantization, Encoder and Decoder, Overview of MPEG1 and MPEG2.

UNIT -V:
Audio Compression Techniques: ADPCM in Speech Coding, G.726 ADPCM, Vocoders – Phase
Insensitivity, Channel Vocoder, Formant Vocoder, Linear Predictive Coding, CELP, Hybrid Excitation
Vocoders, MPEG Audio – MPEG Layers, MPEG Audio Strategy, MPEG Audio Compression
Algorithms, MPEG-2 AAC, MPEG-4 Audio.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Fundamentals of Multimedia – Ze- Nian Li, Mark S. Drew, PHI, 2010.
2. Multimedia Signals & Systems – Mrinal Kr. Mandal Springer International Edition 1st Edition,
2009

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Multimedia Communication Systems – Techniques, Stds& Netwroks K.R. Rao, Zorans. Bojkoric,
st
Dragorad A.Milovanovic, 1 Edition, 2002.
st
2. Fundamentals of Multimedia Ze- Nian Li, Mark S.Drew, Pearson Education (LPE), 1 Edition,
2009.
3. Multimedia Systems John F. Koegel Bufond Pearson Education (LPE), 1st Edition, 2003.
4. Digital Video Processing – A. Murat Tekalp, PHI, 1996.
5. Video Processing and Communications – Yaowang, Jorn Ostermann, Ya-QinZhang, Pearson,
2002
6. Judith Jeffocate, “Printmedia in practice (Theory and Applications)”, PHI, 1998.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Commn. Systems)

SCRIPTING LANGUAGES
(Open Elective – II)

UNIT -I:
Introduction to Scripts and Scripting:
Characteristics and uses of scripting languages, Introduction to PERL, Names and values, Variables
and assignment, Scalar expressions, Control structures, Built-in functions, Collections of Data,
Working with arrays, Lists and hashes, Simple input and output, Strings, Patterns and regular
expressions, Subroutines, Scripts with arguments.

UNIT -II:
Advanced PERL:
Finer points of Looping, Subroutines, Using Pack and Unpack, Working with files, Navigating the file
system, Type globs, Eval, References, Data structures, Packages, Libraries and modules, Objects,
Objects and modules in action, Tied variables, Interfacing to the operating systems, Security issues.

UNIT -III:
TCL:
The TCL phenomena, Philosophy, Structure, Syntax, Parser, Variables and data in TCL, Control flow,
Data structures, Simple input/output, Procedures, Working with Strings, Patterns, Files and Pipes,
Example code.

UNIT -IV:
Advanced TCL:
The eval, source, exec and up-level commands, Libraries and packages, Namespaces, Trapping
errors, Event-driven programs, Making applications 'Internet-aware', 'Nuts-and-bolts' internet
programming, Security issues, running untrusted code, The C interface.

UNIT -V:
TK and JavaScript:
Visual tool kits, Fundamental concepts of TK, TK by example, Events and bindings, Geometry
managers, PERL-TK.
JavaScript – Object models, Design Philosophy, Versions of JavaScript, The Java Script core
language, Basic concepts of Pythan.
Object Oriented Programming Concepts (Qualitative Concepts Only): Objects, Classes,
Encapsulation, Data Hierarchy.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. The World of Scripting Languages- David Barron, Wiley Student Edition, 2010.
2. Practical Programming in Tcl and Tk - Brent Welch, Ken Jones and Jeff Hobbs.,
Fourth edition.
th
3. Java the Complete Reference - Herbert Schildt, 7 Edition, TMH.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Tcl/Tk: A Developer's Guide- Clif Flynt, 2003, Morgan Kaufmann SerieS.
nd
2. Tcl and the Tk Toolkit- John Ousterhout, 2 Edition, 2009, Kindel Edition.
3. Tcl 8.5 Network Programming book- Wojciech Kocjan and Piotr Beltowski, Packt
Publishing.
4. Tcl/Tk 8.5 Programming Cookbook- Bert Wheeler

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Commn. Systems)

IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING

(Open Elective II)

UNIT – I:
Fundamentals of Image Processing and Image Transforms
Basic steps of Image Processing System Sampling and Quantization of an image, Basic relationship
between pixels.
Image Segmentation
Segmentation concepts, Point, Line and Edge Detection, Thresholding, Region based segmentation.

UNIT – II:
Image Enhancement
Spatial domain methods: Histogram processing, Fundamentals of Spatial filtering, Smoothing spatial
filters, Sharpening spatial filters.
Frequency domain methods: Basics of filtering in frequency domain, image smoothing, image
sharpening, Selective filtering.

UNIT – III:
Image Compression
Image compression fundamentals - Coding Redundancy, Spatial and Temporal redundancy,
Compression models: Lossy & Lossless, Huffman coding, , Bit plane coding, Transform coding,
Predictive coding, Wavelet coding, Lossy Predictive coding, JPEG Standards.

UNIT - IV:
Basic Steps of Video Processing
Analog Video, Digital Video. Time-Varying Image Formation models: Three-Dimensional Motion
Models, Geometric Image Formation, Photometric Image Formation, Sampling of Video signals,
Filtering operations.

UNIT – V:
2-D Motion Estimation
Optical flow, General Methodologies, Pixel Based Motion Estimation, Block- Matching Algorithm,
Mesh based Motion Estimation, Global Motion Estimation, Region based Motion Estimation, Multi
resolution motion estimation, Waveform based coding, Block based transform coding, Predictive
coding, Application of motion estimation in Video coding.

TEXT BOOKS:
rd
1. Digital Image Processing – Gonzaleze and Woods, 3 ed., Pearson.
2. Video Processing and Communication – Yao Wang, Joem Ostermann and Ya–quin Zhang. 1st
Ed., PH Int.

REFRENCE BOOKS:
nd
1. Digital Image Processing using MATLAB– Gonzaleze and Woods, 2 ed., Mc Graw Hill
Education, 2010
2. Image Processing Analysis , and Machine Vision- Milan Sonka, Vaclan Hlavac, 3 ed., CENGAGE,
2008
3. Digital Video Processing – A Murat Tekalp, PERSON, 2010
4. Digital Image Processing – S.Jayaraman, S.Esakkirajan, T.Veera Kumar –TMH, 2009

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Commn. Systems)

GPS AND APPLICATIONS

(Open Elective – II)

UNIT I
Introduction: Basic concept, system architecture, GPS and GLONASS Overview, Satellite
Navigation, Time and GPS, User position and velocity calculations, GPS, Satellite Constellation,
Operation Segment, User receiving Equipment, Space Segment Phased development, GPS aided
Geoaugmented navigation (GAGAN) architecture.

UNIT II
Signal Characteristics: GPS signal components, purpose, properties and power level, signal
acquisition and tracking , Navigation information extraction, pseudorange estimation, frequency
estimation, GPS satellite position calculation, Signal structure, anti spoofing (AS), selective
availability, Difference between GPS and GALILEO satellite construction.

UNIT III
GPS Receivers & Data Errors: Receiver Architecture, receiver design options, Antenna design,
GPS error sources, SA errors, propagation errors, ionospheric error, tropospheric error, multipath,
ionospheric error, estimation using dual frequency GPS receiver, Methods of multipath mitigation,
Ephemeris data errors, clock errors.

UNIT IV
Differential GPS: Introduction, LADGPS, WADGPS, Wide Area Augmentation systems , GEO
Uplink subsystem , GEO downlink systems , Geo Orbit determination , Geometric analysis ,
covariance analysis , GPS /INS Integration Architectures

UNIT V
GPS Applications: GPS in surveying, Mapping and Geographical Information System, Precision
approach Aircraft landing system, Military and Space application, intelligent transportation system.
GPS orbital parameters, description of receiver independent exchange format (RINEX) , Observation
data and navigation message data parameters, GPS position determination, least squares method

TEXT BOOKS
1. Mohinder S.Grewal, Lawrence R.Weill, Angus P.Andrews, “Global positioning systems ,
Inertial Navigation and Integration”, John Wiley & sons, 2007.
2. Global Navigation Satellite System, Gottapu Sasibhuhsana Rao , McGraw-Hill Education,
2010.

REFERENCES
1. E.D.Kaplan, Christopher J. Hegarty, “Understanding GPS Principles and Applications”,
Artech House Boston 2005.

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 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech – I Year – II Sem. (Commn. Systems)

WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS LAB

Note:
A. Minimum of 10 Experiments have to be conducted
B. All the Experiments may be Conducted using Network Simulation software like NS-2/
NSG-2.1/ WireSHARK/ SDR etc..

Note: For Experiments 1 to 7 Performance may be evaluated through simulation by using the
parameters Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio, Delay etc.

1. Evaluate the performance of various LAN Topologies

2. Evaluate the performance of Drop Tail and RED queue management schemes
3. Evaluate the performance of CBQ and FQ Scheduling Mechanisms
4. Evaluate the performance of TCP and UDP Protocols
5. Evaluate the performance of TCP, New Reno and Vegas
6. Evaluate the performance of AODV, DSR and DSDV routing protocols
7. Evaluate the performance of IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15.4
8. Capturing and Analysis of TCP and IP Packets
9. Simulation and Analysis of ICMP and IGMP Packets
10. Analyze the Protocols SCTP , ARP, NetBIOS, IPX VINES
11. Analysis of HTTP ,DNS and DHCP Protocols
12. Analysis of OFDM Spectrum
13. Analysis CDMA Downlink

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