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Fluid Mechanics II: Lecture #14

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11 views19 pages

Fluid Mechanics II: Lecture #14

Uploaded by

s.eleslam122
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fluid Mechanics II

Lecture #14
Dr. Mahmoud Nady Abdelmoez
Mechanical Engineering Department
Course outline
• Ch #1 (Steady Incompressible Flows in Piping Systems )

• Ch #2 (Boundary Layer Theory)

• Ch #3 (Unsteady Flow in Conduits)

• Ch #4 (An Introduction to Hydrodynamics)

• Ch #5 (Flow About Submerged Bodies)


• Introduction
• The Stream Function
• The Velocity Potential
• Relation Between Stream Function and Velocity Potential
•
Ch #4 (An •
•
Basic Flow Fields
Combining Flows by Superposition
Some Useful Combined Flowfields

Introduction
to
Hydrodynam
ics)
An Introduction to Hydrodynamics

• Hydrodynamics is the study of flow fields by mathematical methods.

• In hydrodynamics an incompressible ideal fluid is assumed.

• In many problems of real fluids, where viscous influence is small,


hydrodynamics proved to be an efficient means to the final solution.
Basic Flowfields – Rectilinear Flow
Basic Flowfields – Source and Sink
• A symmetrical flowfield consisting of radial
streamlines directed outward from a common point

• The velocities will diminish as the streamlines spread,


and symmetry will require that all velocities be the
same at the same radial distance from the origin.

• Across all circles of radius r will pass the same


flowrate q , and thus the velocity at any point in the
flow filed is given by
Basic Flowfields – Source and Sink
Basic Flowfields – Source and Sink
• The flowfield is irrotational and can be represented by
the velocity potential

• The exact opposite of the outward flow from a source is the inward flow to a sink
Basic Flowfields – Free Vortex
• A concentric circular streamlines

• The radial component of velocity will be everywhere


zero.

• To find the velocity distribution and stream function for this flowfield, calculate the
circulation in counterclockwise direction around a differential element
Basic Flowfields – Free Vortex

• Thus, the circulation  is a constant of the vortex,


being the same along all streamlines.

With  taken as zero for the streamline passing through r = 1


Basic Flowfields – Free Vortex

• Which is the equation of straight lines

It can be seen without proof that the stream function of a clockwise vortex of strength 
will be given by
Basic Flowfields – Forced Vortex
• The so-called forced vortex is defined by the
velocity distribution vt =  r .

• Consider now the differential circulation around any differential element


of fluid in the forced vortex.
Basic Flowfields – Forced Vortex
• Consider now the differential circulation around any differential element
of fluid in the forced vortex.
Combining Flows by Superposition
Combining Flows by Superposition
Some Useful Combined Flowfields – Source in a Rectilinear Flow
Some Useful Combined Flowfields – Source in a Rectilinear Flow
Some Useful Combined Flowfields – Source and Sink of Equal
Strength
Some Useful Combined Flowfields – Source and Sink of Equal
Strength

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