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EEE 301 Solutions

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43 views2 pages

EEE 301 Solutions

Uploaded by

Md. Rakibul Islam
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Solutions to Electromagnetic Fields and Waves Final Exam Questions

Question 1:
1(a) Biot-Savart Law states:
B = (μ₀ / 4π) ∫ (I dl × r̂) / r²
where I is the current, dl is the infinitesimal current element, r is the distance to the point of
interest, and r̂ is the unit vector in the direction of r.
Significance: It calculates the magnetic field B generated by a current element in space,
foundational in electromagnetic theory.

1(b) To calculate the magnetic field at point P, integrate the Biot-Savart formula considering
the geometry of the wire. The specific geometry of the current-carrying wire is required to
proceed.

1(c) Using Ampere’s Law:


μB · dl = ₀ I_enc
For a solenoid with n turns per unit length and current I:
B = μ₀ n I

Question 2:
2(a) Current continuity equation:
∇ · J = -∂ρ/∂t
Physical significance: Ensures charge conservation, meaning the rate of charge leaving a
volume equals the rate of decrease in charge within it.

2(b) Faraday's Law of electromagnetic induction:


∮ E · dl = -dΦ_B/dt
Application in electric generators: It is used to convert mechanical energy to electrical
energy by rotating coils in a magnetic field.

2(c) Induced emf in a coil with 50 turns:


emf = N (dΦ/dt) = 50 × 0.1 = 5 V

Question 3:
3(a) Ampere-Maxwell Law:
∮ B · dl = μ₀ (I_enc + ε₀ dΦ_E/dt)
The additional term ε₀ dΦ_E/dt accounts for displacement current, extending Ampere's
Law to time-varying electric fields.

3(b) Displacement current in a parallel plate capacitor:


Using I_d = ε₀ dΦ_E/dt, where Φ_E = E · A and E = V/d, substitute the specific values if
provided.
3(c) Significance of displacement current: It bridges the gap in Maxwell's equations,
allowing for continuity in time-varying fields.

Question 4:
4(a) Maxwell's Equations:
1. Gauss's Law: ∇ · E = ρ/ε₀, ∮ E · dA = Q/ε₀
2. Gauss's Law for Magnetism: ∇ · B = 0, ∮ B · dA = 0
3. Faraday's Law: ∇ × E = -∂B/∂t, ∮ E · dl = -dΦ_B/dt
4. Ampere-Maxwell Law: ∇ × B = μ₀ (J + ε₀ ∂E/∂t), ∮ B · dl = μ₀ I + μ₀ ε₀ dΦ_E/dt

4(b) Time-harmonic fields and wave equation derivation:


Time-harmonic fields vary sinusoidally with time, expressed as:
E(t) = Re{E₀ e^(jωt)}, B(t) = Re{B₀ e^(jωt)}.
Using Maxwell's Equations:
∇²E = μ₀ε₀ ∂²E/∂t², which is the wave equation for the electric field.

4(c) Boundary conditions for electric and magnetic fields:


1. Tangential E: E₁‖ = E₂‖
2. Normal D: D₁⊥ - D₂⊥ = σ
3. Tangential H: H₁‖ = H₂‖
4. Normal B: B₁⊥ - B₂⊥ = μ₀K

Question 5:
5(a) Force on the particle: F = qE = 2 × 3 = 6 N
5(b) Time to reach P(0, 0, 12 m): Using z = (1/2)at²:
12 = (1/2) × 6 × t² → t = 2 s
5(c) Velocity and acceleration at P:
v = at = 6 × 2 = 12 m/s, a = 6 m/s²
5(d) K.E. at P: KE = (1/2)mv² = (1/2) × 1 × 12² = 72 J

Question 6:
6(a) For the electron to pass undeflected: E = vB.
Given v = 8 × 10⁶ m/s and B = 0.5 × 10⁻³ T:
E = (8 × 10⁶) × (0.5 × 10⁻³) = 4 × 10³ V/m
6(b) This filter works only for particles moving at v = E/B. Positive and negative charges
move in opposite directions.
6(c) Lorentz Force equation:
F = q(E + v × B).

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