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Lab Report 5 (Iodine clock)

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67 views6 pages

Lab Report 5 (Iodine clock)

Uploaded by

jawa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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0BBY1014

LBRT 5
Kinetics of a clock reaction

NAME:
STUDENT ID NO:
Kinetics of a clock reaction
Key skills covered
1. To demonstrate appropriate use of volumetric glassware.

2. To investigate the kinetics of a reaction.

3. To apply knowledge from kinetics lectures to determine the order of a reaction using the initial rates
method.

Pre-lab work
• Read the laboratory instructions carefully, including the safety information.
• Complete the pre-lab questions.
• Review the LBRT 5 worksheet to know what information/data is needed from the experiment for
your write-up.

Background
Clock reactions are a traditional chemistry experiment which can be used to illustrate the kinetics of a
reaction. Generally, two colourless solutions are mixed together and after a period of time the solution will
suddenly change colour. Many clock reactions use iodine compounds, as when used with a starch indicator
the colour changes dramatically from colourless to dark blue.

Persulfate ions will oxidise iodide ions to iodine as represented with the following reaction equation:

S2O82- + 2I- → 2S2O42- + I2 R1

If sodium thiosulfate is added to the reaction mixture, the thiosulfate ions reduce the iodine back to iodide
ions:

2S2O32- + I2 → 2I- + S4O62- R2

This continues until all the thiosulfate has been consumed, whereupon any further iodine formed in
reaction R1 has nothing to react with, so begins to appear in the solution. This iodine (I2) joins with
remaining iodide (I-) to form triiodide (I3-) ions. If starch indicator is present, the triiodide forms a complex
with the indicator and produces a dark blue colour. The rate of reaction R1 can be determined by
measuring how long it takes to consume a small quantity of thiosulfate, by measuring how long it takes the
blue colour to appear.

At a constant temperature, the rate equation for reaction R1 is:

Rate = k[S2O82-]m[I-]n Equation 1

If the rate of reaction is determined using different initial concentrations of persulfate and iodide ions, then
the orders m and n can be found.

The stoichiometric equation R1 tells us that the rate of consumption of persulfate equals the rate of iodine
(and therefore triiodide) production. In each experiment, you will measure the time, Δt, taken to consume a
known amount of thiosulfate (at which point the solution turns blue). The same amount of thiosulfate will
be used each time, so the total amount of iodine, Δ[I2], that has been produced in time Δt will be the same
for each reaction.
Student name: ___________________________

Pre-lab questions

Starch is composed of a mixture of two polymers of glucose: amylose (unbranched) and amylopectin
(branched). The deep blue colour produced in this reaction is a result of the amylose-triiodide complex.
Draw the repeat unit of amylose:

[3 marks]

Sketch a representation of the amylose-triiodide complex:

[2 marks]
Safety information

Chemical Hazard Hazard Precautions


Symbols • safety glasses
• lab coat
• gloves
0.1 M Ammonium • Harmful if swallowed • Keep away from combustible
persulfate, • Causes skin irritation materials.
(NH4)2S2O8 • May cause an allergic skin • Avoid breathing
reaction dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray
• Causes serious eye .
irritation • IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with
• May cause allergy or water for several minutes. Remove
asthma symptoms or contact lenses, if present and easy
breathing difficulties if to do. Continue rinsing.
inhaled • IF experiencing respiratory
• May cause respiratory symptoms: call a poison centre
irritation or doctor.
• May intensify fire; oxidiser
0.1 M Ammonium Not classified as hazardous
sulfate,
(NH4)2SO4
0.01 M Sodium Not classified as hazardous
thiosulfate
pentahydrate,
Na2S2O3.5H2O
0.1 M Potassium • Harmful if swallowed • IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with
iodide solution in • Causes skin irritation water for several minutes. Remove
ammonium sulfate • Causes serious eye contact lenses, if present and easy
irritation to do. Continue rinsing.

Starch solution Not classified as hazardous

Chemicals provided
1. Solution A, 0.1 M Ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8)
2. Solution B, 0.1 M Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4)
3. Solution C, 0.01 M Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3)
4. Solution D, 0.1 M Potassium iodide (KI) in ammonium sulfate
5. Starch indicator solution

Class structure
You will be completing this experiment it pairs. Make sure that each member of the pair is completing an
equal share of the tasks. Ensure you have taken down the full set of results your pair obtains before leaving
the lab. Write-ups must be completed individually.
Experimental procedure
Run 1:
Fill a 25 mL burette with solution A. Add 10 mL of solution A to a 100 mL beaker, followed by 2-3 drops
of starch solution. Use a volumetric pipette to transfer 5 mL of solution C to a 100 mL conical flask, then
use a graduated pipette to transfer 10 mL of solution D to the same flask. Add the solution from the beaker
to the solution in the conical flask, and immediately start the stopwatch. Record the time taken for the blue
colour to appear in Table 1.

Runs 2-5
Repeat the experiment following the procedure above, but with different volumes of solutions A, B and D
as indicated. Note that for these runs it is necessary to add solution B (fill a 10 mL burette with this solution
for dispensing) to keep the final volume constant.

Table 1: Volumes used in Runs 1-5, and time taken for blue colour to appear.

Solution A Solution B Solution C Solution D


Run Time (s)
0.1 M (NH4)2S2O8 0.1 M (NH4)2SO4 0.01 M Na2S2O3 0.1 M KI

1 10 0 5 10

2 10 2 5 8

3 10 6 5 4

4 8 2 5 10

5 4 6 5 10

Based on the questions from the worksheet, briefly analyse your data to determine if it is accurate enough.
If you suspect any results may be unreliable, repeat any run as required.

Lab Report
You must download and complete ‘Lab Report 5 (Iodine clock) Worksheet’ from KEATS, and submit it
via the submission link on KEATS by 11 am on the Wednesday 2-weeks after your lab – check your
submission link for the exact date.

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