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Exercises On Plane Waves: 2.6 Exercise 1

1. The document provides exercises on plane waves, including computing phase velocity, wavelength, wavenumber, polarization, direction of propagation, and electric and magnetic fields for various plane wave scenarios. 2. One scenario considers a plane wave with given electric field in a dielectric medium, computing various wave properties. 3. Another scenario considers a plane wave propagating in a dielectric with loss, computing attenuation. 4. A third scenario considers a plane wave with given electric field distribution, computing direction of propagation and fields in the origin.

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81 views5 pages

Exercises On Plane Waves: 2.6 Exercise 1

1. The document provides exercises on plane waves, including computing phase velocity, wavelength, wavenumber, polarization, direction of propagation, and electric and magnetic fields for various plane wave scenarios. 2. One scenario considers a plane wave with given electric field in a dielectric medium, computing various wave properties. 3. Another scenario considers a plane wave propagating in a dielectric with loss, computing attenuation. 4. A third scenario considers a plane wave with given electric field distribution, computing direction of propagation and fields in the origin.

Uploaded by

zoolyver
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRELIMINARY VERSION 1

Exercises on plane waves


2.6 Exercise 1
Consider a plane wave in a dielectric with
r
= 4,
r
= 1, at the frequency f = 1GHz. The electric
eld in the origin is
E(0) = 2 x j y +z V/m
1. Compute the phase velocity v
ph
, the wavelength , the wave impedance Z, the wavenumber
k in deg/cm, the power density dP/d.
2. Find the polarization of the electric eld E
0
. Find the direction of propagation s knowing
that the phase of the wave decreases in the z direction.
3. Compute the magnetic eld in the point P : (2,2,2)
T

5 at the time t = T/4


Use the approximate values c = 3 10
8
m/s and Z
0
= 377.
Solution
Phase velocity:
v
ph
=
1

=
c

r
=
c
2
= 1.5 10
8
m/s
Wavelength
=
v
ph
f
=
1.5 10
8
1.0 10
10
= 1.5 10
2
m
Wave impedance:
Z =
_

= Z
0
_

r
=
Z
0
2
= 188.5
Wavenumber:
k =
2

=
6.2832
1.5 10
2
= 4.1888 rad/cm
=
360

= 240.0 deg/cm
Power density
dP
d
=
1
2
|E
0
|
2
Z
=
1
2
|E
0x
|
2
+ |E
0y
|
2
+ |E
0z
|
2
188.5
=
1
2
(4 + 1 + 1)
188.5
= 0.01591 W/m
2
Polarization:
The real and imaginary part of E(0) are
E

0
= 2 x +z E

0
= y
They are not parallel, hence the polarization is not linear. Moreover
E

0
E

0
= 0 but |E

0
| = |E

0
|
PRELIMINARY VERSION 2
hence the polarization is not circular. In conclusion, it is elliptical.
Direction of propagation:
Since the electric eld is perpendicular to s, we have
s =
E

0
E

0
|E

0
E

0
|
=
(2 x +z) ( y)
|(2 x +z) ( y)|
=
2z + x

5
The phase factor is
exp[j(k
x
x + k
y
y + k
z
z)]
If the phase is decreasing in the z direction, then k
z
= ks
z
> 0, hence
s =
2z x

5
Phasor of magnetic eld in the origin
H
0
= Ys E
0
= Y
_
2z x

5
_
(2 x j y +z) = Y
_
j
2

5
x +
5

5
y + j
1

5
z
_
Phasor of magnetic eld in P:
H(P) = H
0
exp
_
j
2

s r
P
_
= H
0
exp
_
j
2

_
2z x

5
_
(2 x + 2 y + 2z)

5
_
=
= H
0
exp
_
j
2

5
(2 2 2)

5
_
= H
0
exp
_
j
4

_
= H
0
exp [j 120

]
Magnetic eld in P at t = T/4
H(r
P
,t) = R
_
H(r
P
)e
j
0
t
_
t=T/4
= R
_
H
0
e
j(90

120

)
_
= H

0
cos(30

) +H

0
sin(30

) = Y
_
5

3
2

5
y
2
2

5
x
1
2

5
z
_
=
=
1
188.5
_

5
x +

15
2
y
1
2

5
z
_
2.7 Exercise 2
Consider a plane wave propagating in the z direction in a dielectric with
r
= 4 and = 0.01 S/m
at the frequency f = 1.0 GHz and E
0
= x.
1. Compute the wavenumber k, the phase velocity v
ph
, the wavelength
2. Compute the wave impedance Z, the active power density in the origin dP/d, the attenu-
ation
dB
in dB/m
Use c = 2.99792458 10
8
m/s,
0
= 8.854 10
12
F/m.
PRELIMINARY VERSION 3
Solution
Wavenumber:
k =
_
_

r
j

0
=

0
_

r
j

0
= k
0
_

r
j

0
The free space wavelength and wavenumber are

0
=
c
f
= 0.29979 m k
0
=
2

= 20.9585 rad/m
Then
k = 20.9585
_
4 j 0.1798 = 20.9585(2.0005 j 0.0449) = 41.9275 j 0.9416 m
1
The real and imaginary part are
= 41.9275 rad/m = 0.9416 Np/m
Phase velocity:
v
ph
=

= 1.4986 10
8
m/s
Wavelength
=
v
ph
f
= 0.1499 m
Wave impedance:
Z =
_

r
j/
=
_

0
_

r

r
j/(
0
)
= Z
0
(0.4996 + j 0.0112) = 188.2227 + j 4.2270
Wave admittance
Y =
1
Z
=
1
188.2227 + j 4.2270
= (5.3102 j 0.1192) 10
3
S
Notice that
R{Y } =
1
R{Z}
=
1
188.2227
= 5.3129 10
3
S
In this case the dierence is small because the phase of Z is small but becomes enormous when
this phase approaches /2.
Active power density in the origin
dP
d
=
1
2
R{Y }|E
0
|
2
=
1
2
5.3102 10
3
(|E
0x
|
2
+ |E
0y
|
2
+ |E
0z
|
2
) = 2.6551 10
3
W/m
2
Attenuation:
= Im{k} = 0.9416 Np/m

dB
= 20 log
10
e = 8.68589 = 8.1785 dB/m
PRELIMINARY VERSION 4
2.8 Exercise 3
Consider a plane wave propagating in free space at the frequency f = 5 GHz. The electric eld in
the points of the plane z = 0 has the value
E(x,y,z)|
z=0
= E
0
exp[j(x + y)] x, y
with = k
0
/5 and = k
0
/2 and it is known that this wave is a TE eld, i.e. E
0
has no z-
component and that it carries the power density dP/d > 0.
Compute the direction of propagations and the spherical angles that dene this direction. Compute
also the elds in the origin E
0
, H
0
.
Solution
The propagation factor of a plane wave is
exp[jk r] = exp[j(k
x
x + k
y
y + k
z
z)]
hence, by inspection, we nd k
x
= and k
y
= . From the dispersion relation
k
2
x
+ k
2
y
+ k
2
z
=
2

0
= k
2
0
it follows that
k
z
=
_
k
2
0
k
2
x
k
2
y
=
_
k
2
0

2

2
= k
0
_
1
1
25

1
4
= k
0

71
10
The sign of the square root is taken to be positive because power is owing toward the region
z > 0. From this
s =
k
k
0
=
1
5
x +
1
2
y +

71
10
z
The spherical angles that identify the direction s are found by recalling (A.2) and noting that
|s| = 1
s
x
= sin cos
s
y
= sin sin
s
z
= cos
From this we nd
= arccos s
z
= arccos

71
10
= 32.5827 deg
= arccos
_
s
x
sin
_
= arcsin
_
s
y
sin
_
= 68.1986 deg
The electric eld in the origin, with magnitude
E
0
=
_
2Z
0
dP
d
PRELIMINARY VERSION 5
must be perpendicular to s because it is a plane wave and perpendicular to z because required in
the text. Then
E
0
= E
0
s z
|s z|
= E
0
k z
|k z|
= E
0
( x + y + k
z
z) z
|k z|
= E
0
( x y)
_

2
+
2
Thanks to the denominator, the vector multiplying E
0
has unit magnitude.
The magnetic eld is computed by the impedance relation
H
0
= Y
0
s E
0
=
Y
0
k
0
k E
0
=
Y
0
E
0
k
0
( x + y + k
z
z)
( x y)
_

2
+
2
=
Y
0
E
0
k
0
_

2
+
2
_
k
z
( x + y) (
2
+
2
)z
_

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