Course Code: 20CE0121 R20

SIDDHARTH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY:: PUTTUR (AUTONOMOUS)

Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road – 517583

QUESTION BANK (DESCRIPTIVE)

Subject with Code: Estimation, Costing and Valuation (20CE0121) Course & Branch: B.Tech (CE)
Year & Sem: III & II Regulation: R20

UNIT –I
ESTIMATING AND ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS
1 What is an estimate? Give detailed account on various types of estimates. [L1][CO1] [12M]
2 List main items of work for estimating a building. What are the salient points to be [L2][CO1] [12M]
considered for preparing estimates of (a) Earthwork (b) Damp Proof Course (c)
Plastering.
3 Discuss in detail the various consideration made in estimating following items of [L2][CO1] [12M]
work: (a) Concrete in Foundation (b) Masonry (c) Painting (d) Iron Work.
4 Explain in details who various Materials and Works are measured while preparing an [L2][CO1] [12M]
estimate.
5 Estimate the quantities of the following items of a two roomed building from the [L3][CO1] [12M]
given plan and section using Long Wall – Short Wall method.
(1) earth in excavation in foundation (2) Lime concrete in foundation (3) 1st class
brickwork in cement mortar 1:6 in foundation and plinth (4) 2.5 cm c.c damp proof
course, and (5) 1st class brick work in lime mortar in superstructure.

Plan

Doors D – 1.2 m x 2.10 m

Windows W – 1.00 m x 1.50 m
Shelves S – 1.00 m x 1.50 m

Figure.1
Course Code: 20CE0121 R20
6 Estimate the quantities of the following items of a two roomed building from the [L2][CO1] [12M]
given plan and section using Center Line method.
(1) earth in excavation in foundation (2) Lime concrete in foundation (3) 1st class
brickwork in cement mortar 1:6 in foundation and plinth (4) 2.5 cm c.c damp proof
course, and (5) 1st class brick work in lime mortar in superstructure.
7 Estimate the quantities of Earthwork, Concrete, Brickwork and Finishing work of [L3][CO1] [12M]
different types of from the given drawings.

Figure.2
8 Prepare an estimate for the following items of work for a motor garage from the given [L3][CO1] [12M]
drawing as show in Figure.3: (1) Earthwork in exaction in foundation (2) Lime
concrete in foundation (3) 1st class brickwork in foundation and plinth (4) 2 cm thick
damp proof course (5) 1st class brickwork in super structure using Center Line
method.

Figure.3
9 From the attached plan and detail of wall section (Figure.4) estimate the quantities of [L3][CO1] [12M]
(1) Earthwork in foundation (2) Concrete in foundation (3) Brickwork in foundation
and plinth in 1:6 cement mortar (4) 2 cm Damp proof course at plinth level (5)
Brickwork in superstructure in lime mortar (6) 2.5 cm c.c cm L.C floor.
Course Code: 20CE0121 R20

Figure.4
10 Estimate the quantities of the following items of a two roomed building from the [L3][CO1] [12M]
given plan and sections shown in drawing below:
(a) Earthwork in excavation in foundation (b) Lime concrete in foundation
(c) 1st class brickwork in 1:6 cement mortar in foundation and plinth
(d) 2.5 cm thick damp proof course and (e) 1st class brick wall in 1:6 cement mortar
in superstructure.

Figure.5
Course Code: 20CE0121 R20
UNIT –II
ROAD ESTIMATING AND EARTH WORK FOR CANALS
1 a) Define Lead and Lift. Explain how Lead and Lift are accounted in arriving the [L1][CO2] [4M]
rate for earthwork.
b) Draw a typical trapezoidal cross section of a road in banking and in cutting and [L2][CO2] [8M]
driving the equation for computing area and volume if the length is L.
2 Explain how the quantity of earthwork is estimated for a road section having regular [L2][CO2] [12M]
trapezoidal cross section with formulae and necessary tables:
(a) Mid-section area method
(b) Mean sectional area method
(c) Prismoidal formula method
3 A road portion of 200 m length is having heights 1.0 m and 1.6 m in banking at the [L4][CO2] [12M]
two ends. Road portion is an uniform ground with a formation with 10 m and side
slopes being 2:1 (Horizontal : Vertical). Assume that there is no transfer slope.
(i) Calculate the quantity of earthwork using Mid Section Area Method, Mean
Sectional Area Method and Prismoidal formula method.
(ii) Compare two methods with Prismoidal Formula Method and report the difference
of quantities in percentage.
(iii) If the side slopes ought to be provided with a stone pitching of 15 cm thick,
calculate the cost of pitching at the rate of Rs.220/- per cu.m.
4 Reduced level (RL) of ground along the centre line of a proposed road from chainage [L3][CO2] [12M]
10 to chainage 20 are given below. The formation level at the 10th chainage is 107 and
the road is downward gradient of 1 in 150 up to the chainage 14 and then the gradient
changes to 1 in 100 downward. Formation width of road is 10 m and side slopes of
banking are 2:1 (H:V). Length of the chain is 30 m. Draw longitudinal section of the
road and a typical cross-section and prepare an estimate of earthwork at the rate of
Rs.275 % cu.m.
Chainage RL of Ground
10 105.00
11 105.60
12 105.44
13 105.90
14 105.42
15 104.30
16 105.00
17 104.10
18 104.62
19 104.00
20 103.30
5 The table below shows RL of ground along the centre line from chainage 110 to 120. [L3][CO2] [12M]
The formation level at the 110th chainage is 107 and the road is downward gradient of
1 in 150 up to the chainage 114 and then the gradient changes to 1 in 100 downward.
Formation width of road is 10 m and side slopes of banking are 2:1 (H:V). Length of
chain is 30 m. Draw longitudinal section of the road and typical cross section and find
the area of side slopes and the cost of turfing the side slopes at the rate of Rs.60 %
sq.m.

Chainage 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120

RL of
105.00 105.60 105.44 105.90 105.42 104.30 105.00 104.10 104.62 104.00 103.30
Ground
Course Code: 20CE0121 R20
6 Estimate the cost of earthwork for a portion of road for 400 m length from the [L3][CO2] [12M]
following data:-
Formation width of the road is 10 m. Side slopes are 2:1 in banking 1.5 in cutting.
Station Distance in m RL of ground in m RL of formation
25 1000 51.00
26 1040 50.90
27 1080 50.50
28 1120 50.80
29 1160 50.60
RL of formation is 52.00.
30 1200 50.70 Downward gradient of 1in 200
31 1240 51.20
32 1280 51.40
33 1320 51.30
34 1360 51.00
35 1400 50.60
7 A hill road is to be constructed in side-long ground in cutting. Calculate the quantity of [L4][CO2] [12M]
earthwork for two chain length in between 10th to 12th chainage, the length of chain
being 30 m. The depth of cutting at the chainage 10 is 3.60 m at the centre and cross
slope of ground is 8:1 (H:V). The depth of cutting at the chainage 11 is 3.00 m at the
centre and cross slope of ground is 12:1 (H:V). The depth of cutting at the chainage 12
is 4.20 m. The depth of cutting at the chainage 12 is 4.20 m at the centre and cross
slope of ground is 10:1 (H:V). Formation width is 10 m and side slopes of cutting
1.5:1 (H:V). Estimate cost of earthwork using Mid-Sectional Area, Mean Sectional
Area and Prismoidal Method if the rate of earthwork in exaction is Rs.275 % cu.m.

8 Prepare an estimate for one kilometer length of a cement concrete trackway with 60 [L3][CO2] [12M]
cm wide tracks 1.50 m center to centre over 15 cm rammed kankar. The cross-section
of the track is given in figure below. Assume suitable rates.

9 Detailed dimensioned sketch cross-section of a city street having mettled portion of 8 [L3][CO2] [12M]
m for the carriageway is shown in figure. Prepare an estimate for constructing 500 m
length of this street. Indicate also quantities of materials.
Course Code: 20CE0121 R20

10 With neat sketches explain the irrigation canal section which may be generally [L2][CO2] [12M]
encountered in estimate.

UNIT –III
R.C.C WORKS
1 Prepare a schedule of bars for the RCC lintel shown in figure assuming bearing of the [L3][CO3] [12M]
lintel be 15 cm on walls at each side. Weight of 100 mm dia bar = 0.62 kg/RM and 6
mm dia bar = 0.22 kg/RM.

2 A room 600 cm long x 500 cm wide has a flat roof. There is one T-beam in the centre [L3][CO4] [12M]
(cross section below the slab 30 cm x 50 cm) and the slab is 15 cm thick. Estimate the
quantity of iron bars required for reinforcement (for the T-beam only) from the data
given below :-
Main bars – 8 nos. 25 mm dia. in 2 rows of each (all 4 in the bottom being straight an
others bent). Stirrups – 10 mm dia. and 15 cm centre to centre throughout Anchor bar –
2 nos. 16 mm dia.
Course Code: 20CE0121 R20
3 Prepare a detailed estimate of a RCC beam of 8 m clear span and 75 cm x 40 cm in [L3][CO4] [12M]
section from the given drawings. Steel in detail and RCC work shall be calculated
separately

4 Prepare a detailed estimate of a RCC column with foundation footing from the given [L3][CO4] [12M]
drawings.

5 A cantilever RC beam projects beyond the fixed end by 3 m and is 30 cm x 60 cm at [L3][CO3] [12M]
fixed end and reduced to 30 cm x 15 cm at the free end. At the fixed end the beam is
reinforced with 4 bars 20 mm dia at the top and 2 bars are curtailed at a distance of
1.41 m from the fixed end, but the remaining 2 bars continued up to the free end. The
beam is provided with 6 mm dia two legged stirrups 20 cm centre to centre for the
entire length. At the bottom there are 2 bars 10 mm dia as stirrup fixture. Weight of
bars are 20 mm = 2.47 kg/m, 10 mm = 0.62 kg/m, 6 mm =0.22 kg/m. assume 25 mm
clear cover and the main bars are suitably anchored, but is not needed in the estimate.
Estimate the quantity of reinforcement.
Course Code: 20CE0121 R20

6 A RCC rectangular beam 20 cm wide x 30 cm deep x 3.0 m overall length is reinforced [L3][CO4] [12M]
with Tor steel bars 3 nos. 16 mm dia (wt.1.58 kg/m) two outer bars straight and top,
two outer hanger bars are 10 mm in dia (wt.0.62 kg/m) straight and L-hooked at ends.
Stirrups are 6 mm in dia MS bar (wt. 0.22 kg/m) and spaced at 20 cm centers. All
concrete cover = 2.5 cm. Estimate the quantity of reinforcement.

7 Figure below shows the selection along the shorter span of a room of size 4 m x 5.5 m [L3][CO4] [12M]
(internal dimension). The thickness of the slab is 13 cm. The thickness of wall is 40
cm. Prepare bill of quantities of the R.C.C slab. Assume any dimension not given in the
figure. Also prepare bar bending schedule.

8 Figure shows the longitudinal section and cross-section of a simple beam of clear span [L3][CO3] [12M]
5.0 m. The thickness of the supporting wall is 30 cm. Work out the total quantity of the
reinforcement in the beam.

9 Present the length of hooks and total length of bar for common types of reinforcement [L2][CO3] [12M]
bars with neat sketches.
10 a) List various RCC building component and mention percentage of steel required. [L1][CO3] [12M]
b) Draw standard hook and a bent-up bar and explain how the hook and additional [L2][CO3] [12M]
length of a bent up bar is calculated.
Course Code: 20CE0121 R20
UNIT –IV
ANALYSIS OF RATES
1 Mention the labour requirements for the following works as recommended by [L1][CO5] [12M]
National Building Organization:
(a) Earthwork per 28.3 cu. m
(b) Cement concrete work per 2.83 cu. m
(c) R.C.C work
(d) Brickwork per 2.83 cu. m
(e) Flooring
2 a) Prepare the rate per cu. m for 1:2:4 cement concrete. [L3][CO5] [6M]
b) Arrive the rate for I-class brickwork in superstructure with 20 x 10 x 10 cm brick [L3][CO5] [6M]
with 1:6 cement sand mortar.
3 Work out rate per cu. m for RCC work in beams and slabs with 1:1½:3 cement [L3][CO5] [12M]
concrete.
4 a) Prepare the rate per cu. m for random rubble stone masonry in superstructure in [L3][CO5] [6M]
1:6 cement sand mortar.
b) What is the rate per sq. m for constructing 12 mm thick cement plastering in [L3][CO5] [6M]
ceiling with 1:3 cement sand mortar?
5 Calculate the rate per cu. m for providing and laying plain cement concrete (M10) [L3][CO5] [12M]
nominal mix in foundation trenches including compacting and curing.
6 a) Prepare rate per cu. m for exaction over are for a basement in hard soil, depth 1.5 [L3][CO5] [6M]
m and removing the material through a distance of 50 m.
b) Prepare rate per sq. m for laying Mosic or Terrazo title floor. [L3][CO5] [6M]
7 a) Perform rate analysis for arrive rate per sq. m for 1:2 cement mortar in pointing. [L3][CO5] [6M]
b) What is the rate per sq. m for providing white washing one coat? [L3][CO5] [6M]
8 a) Prepare rate per cu. m for constructing rubble stone masonry in superstructure 1:6 [L3][CO5] [6M]
cement sand mortar.
b) Prepare rate per sq. m for painting one coat over a coat of priming. [L3][CO5] [6M]
9 a) Prepare rate for ashlar masonry in superstructure in 1:6 cement sand mortar. [L3][CO5] [6M]
b) Calculate rate per sq. m for laying 2 cm thick damp proof course with 1:2 cement [L3][CO5] [6M]
mortar.
10 a) Prepare earthwork in banking or in exaction in road or canal work in layer of 20 [L3][CO5] [6M]
cm including ramming, dressing etc., up to 30 m load and 1.5 m lift.
b) Arrive rate per sq. m for laying 2.5 cm thick 1:1.5:3 cement concrete as damp [L3][CO5] [6M]
proof course.
Course Code: 20CE0121 R20
UNIT –V
SPECIFICATIONS & VALUATION
1 List and explain general specifications of a first class building. [L1][CO6] [12M]
2 Write detailed specification for earthwork excavation. [L1][CO6] [12M]
3 Give detailed account on specifications of 1:2:4 cement concrete. [L1][CO6] [12M]
4 What are different specifications for first class brick work. [L2][CO6] [12M]
5 a) Write detailed specifications for white washing and colour washing. [L2][CO6] [6M]
b) Mention detail specifications for doors and windows. [L2][CO6] [6M]
6 List and explain various methods of calculating depreciation. [L2][CO6] [12M]
7 Give detailed account on different methods of valuation. [L2][CO6] [12M]
8 A three-storied building is standing on a plot of land measuring 800 sq.m. The plinth [L4][CO6] [12M]
area of each storey is 400 sq.m. The building is of RCC framed structure and the
future life may be taken as 70 years. The building fetches a gross rent of Rs.1500.00
per month. Work out the capitalized value of the property on the basis of 6% net
yield. For sinking fund 3% compound interest may be assumed. Cost of land may be
taken Rs.40.00 per sq m. Other data as required may be assumed suitably.
9 In a plot of land costing Rs.20,000.00 a building has been newly constructed at the [L4][CO6] [12M]
total cost of Rs.80,000.00 including sanitary and water supply works, electrical
installation, etc. The building consists of four flats for four tenants. The owner
expects 8% return on the cost of construction and 5% return on the cost of land.
Calculate the standard rent for each flat of the building assuming:-
(i) The life of the building as 60 years and sinking fund will be created on 4% interest
basis.
(ii) Annual repairs cost at 1% of the cost of construction
(iii) Other outgoings including taxes at 30% of the net return on the building.
10 Calculate the standard rent of a Government residential building newly constructed [L4][CO6] [12M]
from the following data –
(i) Cost of land – Rs.10,000.00
(ii) Cost of construction of the building – Rs.40,000.00
(iii) Cost of roads within the compound, and fencing – Rs.20,00.00
(iv) Cost of sanitary and water supply works – 8% of the cost of building
(v) Cost of electric installation including fans – 10% of the cost of building
(vi) Municipal House tax – Rs.400.00 per annum
(vii) Water tax – Rs.250.00 per annum
(viii) Property tax – Rs.140.00 per annum

PREPARED BY: C Siva Kumar Prasad, Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering