Complaint (n): illness, disease

Incorporate (v): include, comprise, involve

Compromise (v): having harmful effect on something/
damage / hurt
Negative (adj): harmful / detrimental / adverse / toxic /
risky/ unhealthy/ unwholesome
Reduce (v): mitigate / reduce / decrease/ tail off
Become worse : deteriorate / worsen /
Attractive (adj): enticing / captivating / appealing
Attractiveness (n): allure /
Irresistible (adj): undeniable
Stay up late : stay awake / late-night wakefulness
As a result: thereby, therefore, hence, …
Avoid : abstain from (not do something enjoyable that
you think might be bad)
Vigilant (adj): cautious / careful
Be necessary for .. : be of use for…
People: individuals/ humans/ citizens/ mankind/
humankind
Advantage: benefit/ convenience/ privilege/ prerogative
Disadvantage: drawback/ downside/ handicap/ trouble/
impediment
Important: significant/ paramount/ vital/ pressing/ crucial/
eminent (c2)/ prominent (c1)
Students: learners/ trainees/ pupils /schoolboys/ shoolgirls
Teacher: educator/ lecturer/ instructors/ mentors/
professor/ academic
Famous: well-known/ renowned/ eminent (c2)/
prominent(c1)/ distinguished
Logical: analytical/ coherent/ rational/ insightful/ thorough
Traditional: conventional/ customary/ classical/
stereotyped/ ritual
Brief: concise/ succinct/ compressed/ compact/ summary
Begin: initiate/ commence/ inaugurate/ undertake/
instigate
Solution: Formula/ remedy/ resolution/ panacea/ way out
Show: Exhibition/ demonstration/ display/ presentation/
showcase
Strong: Formidable/ robust/ durable/ tough/ substantial/
profound
Views: Opinions/ notions/ beliefs/ ideas/ concepts/
sentiments/ outlook
Feeling : sentiments
Emotional (adj): cloying (negative = too emotional)
Imperfect (adj): flawed
Convenient = expedient
Agree: Assent/ consent/ in favor / comply/ approve of
Migrating: Shifting/ moving/ relocating/ departing
Old-fashioned: Outdated/ obsolete/ outmode/
antiquated/ancient
Dangerous: Hazardous/ perilous/ risky/ threatening/
insecure
Information: Data/ figures/ details/ facts/ statistics /
Youth: adolescents/ young people/ teens/ childhood/
juveniles
Have: posses/ occupy/ own/ hold/ retain
Acceptable: reasonable/ appropriate/ fair/ satisfactory/
adequate
Problem: hindrance/ obstacle/ setback/ misfortune/ plight
Many: countless/ numerous/ myriad/ considerable/
manifold
Awful: Dreadful/ offensive/ horrible/ appalling/ nasty
Gather: Accumulate/ collect/ assemble/ aggregate/ hoard
Good: excellent/ stunning/ outstanding/ exceptional/ great
Live: Dwell/ reside/ settle/ inhabit/ survive
Century: Generation/ millennium/ epoch/ 100 years
Easy: Effortless/ straightforward/ simple/ painless/
outgoing
Die: Demise/ pass away/ terminate/ perish/ succumb
Children: Infants/ newborns/ youngsters/ juveniles/ babies
Weak: Feeble/ vulnerable/ fragile/ delicate/ frail
Continue: maintain/ sustain/ carry on/ uphold/ keep going
Experts: specialists/ professionals/ scientists/ researchers
Parents: guardians/ forbearers/ progenitors/ caretakers/
begetters
Reduce: Lessen/ diminish/ deplete/ shrink/ lighten/
mitigate
Control: manage/ supervise/ regulate/ curb/ manipulate
Country: nation/ state/ province/ kingdom/ territory
Increase: growth/ expansion/ increment/ surge/ escalation
Effect: result/ outcome/ end-product/ aftermath/ impact/
implication (c1)
Describe: express/ explain/ illustrate/ elucidate/ narrate
Lack: Deficiency/ shortage/ deficit (c1)/ dearth/ scarcity
Environment: natural world/ mother nature/ ecology/
surroundings/ conditions
Big: Enormous/ gigantic/ massive/ immense/ substantial
Legal: Legitimate/ lawful/ rightful/ authorized/ valid
Essential: Crucial/ requisite/ indispensable/ necessary/
compulsory
Fast: Accelerated/ Rapid/ brisk/ nimble/ ultrafast
Funny: Comical/ witty/ hilarious/ amusing/ humorous
Amazing: Fabulous/ awesome/ incredible/ mind-blowing/
astounding
Find: detect/ obtain/ pinpoint/ discover/ unearth
Make: Assemble/ build/ devise construct/ form
Very: Extremely/ particularly/ genuinely / incredibly/ really
Usually: basically/ generally/ casually/ normally/
commonly
Profession: occupation/ employment/ job/ walk of life/
career
Tourists: travelers/ visitors/ holidaymakers/ sightseers/
trippers
World: globe/ earth/ planet/ universe/ sphere
Old people: Elderly/ senior/ ageing/ aged/ retired
Government: Administration/ authority/ officials/
executives/ state
Develop: upgrade/ prosper/ advance/ elevate/ improve
Encourage: motivate/ inspire/ empower/ advocate/
support/ foster
Negative: adverse/ harmful/ damaging/ destructive
Expensive: costly/ extravagant/ high-priced/ exorbitant/
overpriced
Modern: contemporary/ present-day/ trendy/ cutting
edge/ updated
Communication: socialization/ interaction/ conversation/
dealings/ contact
Difference: dissimilarity/ contrast/ disparity/ variation/
diversity
Banned: forbidden/ restricted/ contraband/ outlawed/
unlawful
Pollution: contamination/ impairment/ dirtiness/ tainting/
infection
Reducing: mitigating/ dwindling/ curbing/ downsizing
Consume: deplete/ exhaust/ diminish/ squander/ drain
Disagree: oppose/ challenge/ refute/ argue/ contradict
Prison: lockup/ imprisonment/ captivity/ custody/
detention
Weakness: shortcomings/ deficiencies/ limitation/
inadequacy/ flaws
Games: contest/ tournament/ sports/ competition/
championship
Bad effect: harmful impact/ negative effect/ detriments/
repercussion
programme: course/ workshop/ seminar/ agenda/ affairs
strict: harsh (c1)/ rigorous/ rigid (c2)/ stringent/
unyielding/
effective: constructive/ productive/ functional/ capable/
practical
happy: cheerful/ delighted/ jubilant/ delightful/
heartwarning
calm: peace/ tranquil (c1)/ serene (c2)/ placid/
harmonious
dull: monotonous (c1)/ uninteresting/ tedious (c1)/ boring/
mundane (c1)
become better : look up
look at : browse (look at information on the internet)
comprehensive = complete/ broad
evident = conspicuous / indisputable / noticeable
all-inclusive (adj) = including everything
Vegetable (n): a person who does not do anything or not
interested in doing anything.
Sedentary (adj): involving little exercise or physical
activity

23/4/2024

- endeavor (v) = try to do something

- endeavor (n) = attempt / effort

- scrutiny (n) = study/ examination

- burn (v) = torch (to burn a building or another large

thing, intentionally and usually illegally)

24/4
Velocity (n) = speed
Tail off = reduce

Remain static = remain unchanged

Be tailor-made for something : to have all the right

skills and abilities for a particular task.

Tailor = adjust (v)

Revenue (n) = income / money / profit

24/4 – environment:

- Pneumonia (n): a lung related disease

- Gravitate to/ toward : to be attracted to or move

toward something

- Commune with something: to get very close to

something through feelings or thoughts

- Exhaust fumes: smokes released from factories

- Air quality

- Natural world

- Incinerate (v) = burn

- Respiratory (adj): relating to breathing

 Particulates possibly account for an increasing

number of respiratory diseases.

- Enact laws

- Inexplicit (adj) = vague = not clear

25/4

- Shortcoming (n) (c1) = fault or failure = mistake =

flaw (c1) (thiếu sót)

 It is impossible not to make any shortcomings during

the speaking test.

- Be bound up with (adj) = closely connected or

involved

 I live in the countryside, so I have always been bound

up with nature.

- Downplay (v) : to make something less important or

less bad that it really is.

 At the moment you realize the importance of

relationships, your desire to earn an excessive
amount of money is downplayed.

- Eminent (adj) = famous, respected or important

 Eminent singers are invited to sing at this concert.

- Disregard (v) = ignore

 Despite her parents’ disapproval, she is still inclined

to marry him and disregards other familial members’
advice.

- Forgo (v) = give up ( forgo : từ bỏ để đạt được mục

tiêu tốt hơn)

 Although I was extremely tired at that time, I decided

not to forgo the running race.
- Earworm (n) = a song you keep hearing in your
head

- Justification for/with (noun) (c2): a good reason or

explanation for something

 I need your justification for the recent actions you

have taken.

- Fixate on (v) : think about something too much and

find it difficult to stop

 If children are addicted to smartphones, they fixate

on them.

- Subconscious (n/adj): tiềm thức

 The sentiment of cohesion for family is ingrained in

each individual’s subconscious.

- Expose to (v) = put someone at risk from something

harmful or unpleasant.

 Embarrassed students have a propensity for being

exposed to school bullying.

- Expose (v) = make public something bad or

dishonest (phốt)

 There is an increasing number of celebrities exposed

for their behavior violating social norms.

- Exposed to (adj) = vulnerable = able to be easily

harmed

- Illusion (n) = a false idea or belief

 - Illusion (n) = something that is not really what it
seems to be

- Oversight (n) = mistake

26/4

- Harsh (c1) = unpleasant

 Communing to the workplace in hot weather seems

to be a harsh experience to me.

- Disinfect (v) = clean with chemicals

 This table should be disinfected with chemicals.

- Deduce (v) (c2) = to reach answer or a decision by

thinking carefully about the known facts

 It took quite a long time for him to deduce what

subsequently needed to be done.

- Subsequent (adj) (c1) = happening after something

else.

 I’m wondering about subsequent consequences we

will face after your action now.

- Elaborate (adj) (c2) = containing a lot of careful

detail

 Your essay is well-organized and effectively presents

elaborate ideas.

- Elaborate (v) : add more information to / explain

something you have just said.
  I want to elaborate more on this topic by giving some
relevant details.

- Whatsoever (adv) (c1): dẫu sao đi nữa.

 Although she doesn’t like me, I am still inclined to

bring her a sense of fulfillment, whatsoever.

- Scant (adj) = not enough

 There is a scant amount of fresh water used for daily

needs in some parts of Vietnam during drought
seasons.

- Interpretation (n) (c2) =explanation

 The lecture was completely comprehensible due to

the elaborate interpretation provided by our
professor.

27/4:

Cornerstone (n) = important thing

 Managers are considered a cornerstone for thriving

cohesion among staff in a company.

Sober (adj) (c2): not drunk

 I always endeavor to keep myself sober after parties

to ensure my safety on the way home by not drinking
too much.

Sober (adj) (c2) : serious and calm / (v) : become serious

and calm
 I was so impressed by the way he sobered up after
noticing the frauds.
Revolve (v): move / cause something to move in circle.
 The teacher asked his students to revolve around the
classroom.
Norm (n) (c1): chuẩn mực = standard
 Every human’s behavior is based on societal norms.
Inclined (adj) to (c2): likely or wanting to do something
 I am inclined to aim for an 8.0 in IELTS test.
 She was inclined to say something.
Rational (adj): based on clear thought and reason
 The company required him to provide a rational
justification.
Propensity (n) = tendency (c1)
 The youth have developed a propensity for
consuming foods from other countries rather than
local dishes.
Evolve (c1) (v) = develop gradually
 Teenagers evolved a habit of staying awake until
midnight.
Incentive (n) (c2): something that encourages a person
to do something
Stealth (n) (adj): the quality of carrying an action out
secretly, so that people do not know it is happening /
quiet and careful movement
At the expense of someone / at someone’s expense
: make someone silly
 Could you stop making jokes at my expense?
At the expense of something/ at something’s
expense: the first thing harms the second thing
Intersection = crossroad
Intersect (v) = if two things intersect, they come
together and have an effect on each other
Overlap (v) (c2) = if two or more activities, subjects, or
periods of time overlap, they have some parts that are
the same. ( my musical tastes don’t overlap with my
brother’s at all)
Pinpoint (v) (c2) = discover or describe the exact facts
about something.
 Emergency workers at the site are still unable to
pinpoint the cause of the explosion.
Proximity (c2): the state of being near in space or time.
Affair (n) = event
Generous (adj) (c1) : larger than usual or expected
 I don’t know why I was paid a generous salary last
month.

- Run on the family (idiom) = hereditary (adj) = di

truyền
- Ferment (v) = lên men
- Rake (v) : to search a place carefully for something
 She raked around in her bag for her keys.
- Lion’s share of something (idiom): the largest or best
part of something when it is divided
- Account for (v) : explain
 - Perceive (v) (c1): notice something
- Identical (adj) = similar
 The name on the ticket should be identical with the
one in the passport.
28/4:
- eschew (v) = avoid
- Hierarchy (n) (c2): hệ thống cấp bậc
- Fidelity (n) = loyalty
- Sniff (v) (c2) = smell something
- Deem something/someone + noun (v) (c1) =
consider
- Deem something/someone + adjective
 The evening was deemed a great success
 Particulates are possibly deemed responsible for an
increasing number of respiratory diseases.
- Diligent (adj) : hard-working
 He’s a diligent student.
- Consultation (n) (c1): the act of discussing
something with someone
- Discipline (n) (b2): kỷ luật
- Be bulging with (idiom) = be completely full of
something
 Her pockets were bulging with presents / she had a
bulging pocket
- Pump iron (idiom) : tập gym
 I used to pump iron in my spare time.
- Be all the rage (idiom) : popular and fashionable
(đang là mốt)
- Optimum/ optimal (adj): best; most likely to bring
success or advantage
- Ample (adj) (c1) : more than enough
 I wish I had an ample amount of money.
- Patron (n) = a frequent/ regular customer
 Shops are struggling to improve their patron
retention.
- Personnel (n.c1)= staff
- Personnel (n.c1) = a department of a company
dealing with staff in various situations.
- Settle (v) : put an end to an argument or a
disagreement
 I want this argument to be settled.
- Dispute (n.c1) : an argument
 All disputes have to be resolved now.
- Fictional (adj.c2) = imaginary
- Teach/show someone the ropes (idiom)= to
show someone how to do a job or an activity
 The senior staff should show the junior ones the
ropes in this company.
- Tighten (v) (b2) = make something tighter
- Adjacent (adj.c2) = next to, very near
 I would like to live in a neighborhood adjacent to
convenience stores.
- House something (v.b2) = to be the place of
something or where something operates from
 The office is housed in this tall building.
- Follow your nose (idiom) = go straightforward
- Station somebody/yourself + adv/ prep. = to go
somewhere and stand or sit there, especially to wait
for something/ send somebody somewhere to do
that.
 The manager was busy with his workload, so I was
stationed in the reception area to await him.
- Plain (adj) = clear and obvious to understand (c2)
(dễ hiểu)
 The instructions were written in plain language so
that everyone could understand them.
- Plain (adj) = not beautiful (c2)
- Plain (n) = a large area of flat land (đồng bằng)
- Designate (v) : choose someone officially to do a
particular job (bổ nhiệm)
 He has been designated as / to be team captain
 She has been designated to organize the meeting.
- Immobilize (v): làm bất động
- Dart (n): phi tiêu
- Manoeuvre (n) / maneuver (n): thao tác (đòi hỏi
kỹ năng)
 A set of maneuvers is required in a driving test.
- Dose of tranquilliser (n): liều thuốc an thần
- Flop onto the ground: ngã xuống đất
- Suffocation (n): sự ngạt thở
 Incinerating coal in an airtight room tangibly causes
suffocation.
- Lie on someone’s chest : nằm sấp
- Crush (v) : đè, nén, ép (c2)
- Crush it (idiom) : to do extremely well
 Keep going! You’re crushing it
- Crush (n): sự cảm nắng ai
 She has a crush on him
- Crush (n): người làm ai đó cảm nắng
- On someone’s side : nằm nghiêng
- Do checks: kiểm tra
- Keep an eye: theo dõi = track (v)
- Attention (n): special care or treatment
- Track (v): theo dõi
- No longer of any use : không còn hữu dụng
- Sustainable (adj): bền vững
- Resentful (adj) : bực bội = angry = irritated =
annoyed
- Sometimes I am so resentful when I have to deal with
a huge load of work.
- Preferential (adj): thiên vị
 I feel resentful because all preferential treatments he
gives to his friends.
- Tangible (adj): hiển nhiên, rõ ràng
- Your consistent effort towards studying for the test
will end up with a tangible success.
- Tangible (adj): hữu hình (real not imaginary)
- The level of complaints: mức độ khiếu nại
- Scheme (n): âm mưu
- Scheme (n): kế hoạch
- Structure: they weren’t made to feel that … họ
không cảm thấy …
- Junior staff (n): nhân viên cấp dưới
- Staff retention (n): sự giữ chân nhân viên
- All expenses paid trip abroad: chuyến đi nước
ngoài miễn phí
- Brewery (n): nhà máy sản xuất bia
- Worthwhile (adj): xứng đáng bỏ công sức, tiền bạc,
nổ lực, đáng làm
- Rewarding (adj): satisfying and beneficial
- Value (v): coi trọng
- Workload (n): lượng công việc
- Fatigue (n): extreme tiredness (sự mệt mỏi cực độ)
o I experienced fatigue after taking a test.
 - Maneuver/ Manoeuvre (n): a movement needing
skill and care ( động tác chuyên nghiệp/ động tác đòi
hỏi kỹ năng)
- Maneuver/ Maoeuvre (n): a cleverly planned action
that is intended to get an advantage. (hành động
khôn ngoan)
o A series of impressive maneuvers by the police
helped rescue terrified hostages.
29/4
- Reliance (n.c2): the state of depending on or
trusting something or someone. (sự tin cậy)
 People have great reliance on the government’s
policies.
- Reliability (n.c1): the quality of being able to be
trusted or believed because of working or behaving
well. (sự đáng tin cậy)
 The government’s policies are deemed to be of great
reliability amongst its locals.
- Run errands (for) (idiom) : to go somewhere to take
a message, to buy things or deliver goods …
 He often runs errands for his father after school.
- Essence (n.c2): bản chất
 Yet change is the very essence of life.
- Movement (n.c1): phong trào
 He was a prominent member of the artistic
movement known as the Ashcan School.
WRITING TASK 1:

- Expenditure (n)= Spending (n) : Chi phí, chi tiêu

- Noticeable (adj) = Significant (adj) : Đáng chú ý, đáng

kể

- Spend (v) = Consume (v): Chi tiêu, tiêu dùng

- Hit its peak = Reach its peak = Reach a record high of:
Đạt đến đỉnh, mức cao kỷ lục

- Receive (v) = Get (v) = Enjoy (v) = Be awarded with

(St): Nhận, được thưởng

- Health care system = Medical service : Hệ thống chăm

sóc sức khỏe, dịch vụ y tế

- Imply (v) = Suggest = Point out : Ngụ ý, đề nghị, chỉ ra

- Land degradation = Land erosion : Suy thoái, xói mòn

đất

- Apparent = Obvious = Clear = Evident = Tangible : Rõ

ràng, hiển nhiên

- Tree clearance = Deforestation : Phá rừng, phá cây

- Canned food = Packaged : Đồ hộp, đồ đóng gói

- Reliable = Trustworthy : Đáng tin cậy

- Society = Community : Cộng đồng, xã hội

- Citizens = Residents = Inhabitants = Dwellers : Công

dân, cư dân
- City = Urban area : Thành phố, khu đô thị

WRITING TASK 2:

- Principal (adj) = Prominent (adj): quan trọng

- Trigger (v) = Provoke (v): gây ra

- Increase (v) = Escalate (v): tăng lên

- Innate (adj) = Inborn (adj): bẩm sinh

- Traffic congestion (n) = Traffic jam (n): kẹt xe

- Effect (n) = Impact (n): sự ảnh hưởng

- Difficulty (n) = Challenge (n): sự khó khăn, thử thách

- Hard-working (adj) = Diligent (adj) = Industrious (adj):

chăm chỉ

- Guidance (n) = Consultancy (n): sự hbướng dẫn =

instructions

- Pollution (n) = Contamination (n): sự ô nhiễm

- Admire (v) = Appreciate (v): cảm kích

- Improve (v) = Enhance (v): cải thiện

- Address (v) = Combat (v) = Tackle (v): giải quyết

- Up-to-date (adj)= Innovative (adj): mới nhất

- Big city (n) = Large metropolis (n): thành phố lớn

- Advantageous (adj) = Beneficial (adj): có lợi

- Rich (adj) = Affluent (adj) = Wealthy (adj) = Well-off
(adj): giàu có

- Popular (adj) = Prevalent (adj): thịnh hành

- unity (n) : sự đoàn kết = cohesion (sự kết nối) =

solidarity

- isolation (n): sự cô lập = insularity = detachment (sự thờ

ơ, sự tách rời)

- isolated (adj): cô lập = excluded

- money : income/ fund/ expense/ spending/ profit

- legacy : money or property that someone receives from

someone else after the death

WRITING 1ST
- Remuneration (n): sự trả công
- Advocate for (v): biện hộ
- Lucrative (adj): sinh lợi
- Allure (n): sự quyến rũ
Not many people can deny the allure of money.
He was attracted by her allure.
The allure of money’s power is enduring.
- Stability (n): sự vững vàng
Everyone desires to achieve financial stability.
The company’s ensured its stability through a consistent
financial growth rate.
- Overlook (v): coi nhẹ
Smart devices sometimes lead people to overlook their
health.
Don’t overlook someone’s capacity because you never
know how much better they are compared to you.
- Conversely (adv): Trái lại
Parents universally love their children unconditionally.
Conversely, their children don’t always reciprocate that
kind of love towards them.
- Societal (adj): thuộc xã hội
Children get bullied at schools is a societal issue that
hasn’t been solved yet.
- Self – esteem (n): sự tự tin
Being wealthy boosts self-esteem.
- Capacity (n): khả năng
People’s capacity is enduring.
- Fulfillment (n): pleasure and satisfaction
Money can offer financial fulfillment in life to everyone.
- Hinge on/ upon something: depend on
Don’t confuse my characteristics with my attitude. My
actions reflect my inherent traits, but my attitude towards
you hinges on your actions.
- Aspiration (n): ước muốn
Everyone holds an aspiration of being wealthy.
- Compelling (adj): strong
The lawyer advocates for his plaintiff by providing
compelling reasons and evidence.
- Mitigate (v): giảm nhẹ
The judges in court decided to mitigate the punishment
for him because of his honest confession.
- Impart (v): truyền đạt
Imparting knowledge to students is a priority of teachers.
- Constraint (n): sự hạn chế
People work hard to escape from financial constraint.
- Contentment (n): sự vừa lòng
She is willing to do everything to bring him contentment.
We cannot live according to everyone’s contentment.
- Universally (adv): always/ widely respected
Same gender marriages are universally accepted in some
parts of the world.
- Perpetual (adj): vĩnh viễn = enduring (adj)
We need to find more perpetual sources of energy to
generate efficient electricity for global use in the future. /
in order to meet the future demand for electricity, we
need to seek out additional sustainable sources of energy
that can provide efficient power generation on a
continuous basis.
- Likelihood (n): có thể đúng/ có thể có sự thật
- Irrespective of (adj) : regardless of
- Utilize (v): use
- Captivating (adj): làm say đắm, quyến rũ
 - Irresistible (adj): không cưỡng lại được
- Reciprocate … towards someone (v): đền đáp lại
- Persist (I-v): cứ dai dẳng
- Persist (I -v ) : khăng khăng cố chấp
- Inherent (adj): vốn có
- Trait (n): tính cách
- Acknowledge (v): thừa nhận, chấp nhận ( to V / Ving)
2nd
BE ACCOUNTABLE FOR / TO: CÓ TRÁCH NHIỆM CHO VIỆC
GÌ
HOLD SOMEONE ACCOUNTABLE FOR SOMETHING:
GREEN (ADJ): NOT TRAINED OR EXPERIENCED
Sedentary (Ít vận động) Involving little
physical activity. Example:
Many office jobs require
workers to have a _______
lifestyle.

Nutrient (Dinh dưỡng) A substance that

provides nourishment
essential for growth and the
maintenance of life. Example:
Fruits and vegetables are rich
in essential _______s.

Balanced (Cân đối) Well-proportioned;

in a stable state. Example: A
_______ diet consists of a
variety of foods from different
food groups.
Seductive (Quyến rũ) Tempting and
attractive. Example: _______
advertisements for unhealthy
snacks can influence
students' choices.

Culprit (Kẻ phạm tội) One responsible

for a problem or crime.
Example: Fast food may be
the _______ behind many
students' unhealthy lifestyle.

Adverse (Bất lợi) Unfavorable or

harmful. Example: _______
effects of a sedentary lifestyle
include weight gain and
decreased energy levels.

Exacerbat (Làm trầm trọng) To make a

e problem, bad situation, or
negative feeling worse.
Example: Lack of physical
activity can _______ health
issues in students.

Initiative (Sáng kiến) An introductory

step or move; a proactive
measure. Example: Schools
can take the _______ to
promote healthy habits
among students.

Advocacy (Việc ủng hộ) Public support

 for or recommendation of a
particular cause or policy.
Example: _______ for healthier
school lunches can lead to
better nutrition for students.

Resilient (Kiên cường) Able to

withstand or recover quickly
from difficult conditions.
Example: Students with
healthy habits tend to be
more _______ in facing
challenges.

Word Meaning and Example

Sedentary (Ít vận động) Involving little

physical activity. Example:
Many students lead a
__________ lifestyle,
spending hours sitting in
front of screens without
much movement.

Nutritious (Dinh dưỡng) Containing

substances that are
necessary for growth,
health, and good condition.
Example: It's important for
schools to offer __________
meals to ensure students'
Word Meaning and Example

well-being.

Wellness (Sức khỏe và hạnh phúc)

The state of being in good
health, especially as an
actively pursued goal.
Example: Both schools and
parents should prioritize the
__________ of students by
promoting healthy habits.

Initiative (Sáng kiến) The ability to

assess and initiate things
independently. Example:
Schools can take the
__________ to introduce
physical activity programs
to combat student
sedentary habits.

Accountabilit (Trách nhiệm) The state of

y being answerable for one's
actions. Example: Parents
play a crucial role in
instilling __________ in their
children by guiding them
towards healthy lifestyle
choices.

Moderation (Sự điều độ) The avoidance

of excess or extremes.
Word Meaning and Example

Example: Encouraging
__________ in screen time
can help students maintain
a balanced lifestyle and
focus on other activities.

Resilience (Sức khỏe tinh thần) The

capacity to recover quickly
from difficulties. Example:
Teaching students about
__________ can empower
them to bounce back from
setbacks related to their
lifestyle choices.

Verbose (adj): dài dòng

Succinctly (adv): súc tích
Sought after (adj): wanted or desired by many people
Proliferation (n): sự tăng nhanh
Widespread (adj): lan rộng, phổ biến
Accessibility (n): sự tiếp cận
Privacy violations (n): sự vi phạm quyền riêng tư
Unparalleled (adj): vô song, chưa từng có
Browse (v): đọc lướt, xem lướt
Vast selection of products
Transaction (n): sự giao dịch
Malicious (adj): hiểm độc
Misuse (n)/(v): dùng sai
Cybercriminal (n): tội phạm tin học
Phishing scams: chiêu trò lừa đảo trên mạng
Malware (n): phần mềm độc hại
Fraudulent (adj): lừa lọc, gian lận (n: fraud)
Swindle (v): lừa tiền
harassment (n): sự quấy rầy
intimidation (n): sự hâm dọa
cyberbullying (n): sự quấy rối trên mạng
rumor-mongering: sự lan truyền tin đồn
-monger (suffix): a person who encourages a particular
activity, especially one that causes trouble. (rumor-
monger)
Profound (adj): sâu sắc (extreme)
Exercise caution (v): thận trọng
Take proactive measures: hành động một cách chủ động
Entail (v): gây ra, dẫn đến
Sentiments of pity : sự thương hại
Sentiments = opinions
4th
Proximity (Sự gần gũi) Nearness
in space, time, or
relationship. Example:
 In small villages, the
_______ between
neighbors fosters a
sense of community.

Familiarity (Sự quen thuộc)

Knowledge or
experience gained
from previous
encounters. Example:
The _______ among
residents in small
communities
promotes trust and
support.

Cohesion (Sự kết nối) The

action or fact of
forming a united
whole. Example: The
_______ of small
communities
strengthens bonds
and enhances
cooperation.

Intimacy (Sự thân mật) Close

familiarity or
friendship. Example:
The _______ among
villagers creates a
supportive
environment for
 personal growth.

Solidarity (Sự đoàn kết) Unity or

agreement of feeling
or action. Example:
The sense of _______ in
small communities
provides a safety net
during difficult times.

Interdepende (Sự phụ thuộc lẫn

nce nhau) The
dependence of two or
more people or things
on each other.
Example: The _______
in small villages
encourages
collaboration for
mutual benefit.

Insularity (Sự cô lập) The state

of being isolated or
detached. Example:
The _______ of small
communities can
sometimes lead to
resistance to change
or new ideas.

Parochial (Hẹp hòi) Having a

limited or narrow
outlook. Example: The
_______ mindset in
 small villages may
hinder exposure to
diverse perspectives.

Homogeneity (Sự đồng nhất) The

quality or state of
being uniform or
similar. Example: The
cultural _______ of
small communities
can foster a strong
sense of identity.

Communal (Thuộc cộng đồng)

Relating to or done by
a community or
group. Example:
_______ activities like
festivals strengthen
social ties in small
villages.

Word Meaning and Example

Sedentary (Ít vận động) Involving

little physical activity.
Example: Many modern
students lead a
__________ lifestyle,
spending hours sitting in
front of screens.

Nutritious (Có dinh dưỡng)

 Containing substances
necessary for growth,
health, and good
condition. Example:
Schools should prioritize
offering __________ meals
to students.

Sedentary (Ít vận động) Involving

little physical activity.
Example: Many modern
students lead a
__________ lifestyle,
spending hours sitting in
front of screens.

Prohibit (Cấm) Formally forbid by

law, rule, or other
authority. Example:
Schools should
__________ the sale of
unhealthy snacks to
promote better eating
habits among students.

Encourage (Khuyến khích) Give

support, confidence, or
hope to someone.
Example: Parents should
__________ their children
to engage in physical
activities rather than
spending excessive time
 on electronic devices.

Initiative (Sáng kiến) An

introductory act or step;
leading action. Example:
Schools should take the
__________ to introduce
fitness programs and
sports activities to
students.

Adequate (Đủ) Sufficient for a

specific requirement;
enough. Example:
Schools should provide
__________ facilities for
physical education to
promote students'
overall well-being.

Awareness (Nhận thức) Knowledge

or perception of a
situation or fact.
Example: Both schools
and parents should raise
__________ about the
importance of a healthy
lifestyle among students.

Incentivize (Khuyến khích) Provide

someone with an
incentive for doing
something. Example:
Schools can __________
 students to adopt
healthier habits by
offering rewards for
participation in fitness
programs.

Collaboration (Hợp tác) The action of

working with someone to
produce or create
something. Example:
Effective __________
between schools and
parents is essential in
addressing students'
unhealthy lifestyle
habits.

Sustainable (Bền vững) Able to be

maintained at a certain
rate or level. Example:
The government
implemented sustainable
practices to reduce air
pollution.

Mitigation (Giảm nhẹ) The action of

reducing the severity,
seriousness, or
painfulness of something.
Example: Effective
mitigation strategies can
alleviate air pollution
concerns.
Advocacy (Sự ủng hộ) Public
support for or
recommendation of a
particular cause or policy.
Example: Environmental
advocacy promotes
initiatives like car-free
days.

Proponents (Người ủng hộ) People

who support a theory,
proposal, or project.
Example: Proponents of
car-free days argue for
their efficacy in reducing
air pollution.

Alternative (Lựa chọn thay thế)

Available as another
possibility or choice.
Example: Electric
vehicles offer an
alternative to traditional
gasoline-powered cars.

Infrastructure (Hạ tầng) The basic

physical and
organizational structures
and facilities needed for
the operation of a society
or enterprise. Example:
Improved public
transportation
infrastructure can
 decrease reliance on
cars.

Listening Water hyacinth:

Deteriorate (v): become worse
Particulates (n): extremely small piece of dirt, especially
one produced by road vehicles, that causes pollution.
Block (v) = clog (make something become blocked or
filled so that movement or activity is difficult)
Intertwined (adj): twisted together or closely connected
so as to be difficult to separate = rối
Algae (n): tảo
Ornamental (adj): beautiful rather than useful ( mang tính
trang trí)
Infest (v): cause a problem by being present in large
numbers.
Accelerate (v): when a vehicle or its driver accelerates,
the speed of the vehicle increases.
Accelerate (v): happens or make something happen
faster.
Compound (v): worsen = exacerbate = aggravate
Aggravate (v) = annoy
Eradicate (v): get rid of something completely / or destroy
something bad = dispose of
Halt (v) = stop moving or doing something or happening.
Make full use of something: use something that is
available.
Removal (n): the process of removing or getting rid of
something considered to be harmful.
Dredge (v) = remove ( things from the bottom of a river,
lake, .. using a boat or special equipment
Dredge (v): drop flour, sugar … over food.
…
Controversial (adj) = contentious : causing or likely to
cause disagreement and argument
SPEAKING RELATED VOCABULARY:
ADVERTISEMENT
Product placement (n): a way of advertising a product
by supplying it for use in films or television programmes.
Get on someone’s nerves: annoy someone a lot.
Launch a product: introduce a new product
WRITING PHRASES:
WRITING TASK 1 :
- With regards to the table / concerning ../ regarding ../
as can be seen from…/
- Remain unchanged = plateaued
SPEAKING PHRASES:
LEAD IN:
- As you can probably guess …
- Well
- Actually
- Ok then
- Alright
BEGINNING IDEA:
- I could start off by saying that …
- The point I’d like to begin with is that …
- The first thing I should mention is that …
THE NEXT IDEA:
- Another point which I could add is that …
- A second feature which I should mention is that …
- As well as that, I could say that …
THE FINAL IDEA:
- And I shouldn’t forget to mention that …
- In addition to what I’ve just said, I can add that …
- Something else that I need to mention on is that …