POLITICAL SCIENCE

SYLLABUS 2024-2025
CLASS-XI & XII
 TABLE OF CONTENT

S. NO. Content

1 Rationale

2 Aims and Objectives

CLASS XI

3 Rationalised Content

4 Course Structure

5 Course Content

CLASS XII

7 Rationalised Content

8 Course Structure

9 Course Content

ANNEXURE XI &
XII
12 Annexures –Additional Reference Material
 RATIONALE
A discipline of Social Science, Political Science deals with understanding the social structures and methods used to manage a
government or State. It also encompasses the historical, philosophical, constitutional, and legal foundation of the political system. It
further provides scope to identify the political values and ideas, governing institutions and their policy making process. The subject
enhances the ability to address the functions and processes of government and politics in international, national, and state levels. It
ensures that students acquire citizenship skills and engage as active citizens by appreciating human diversity. This subject is
interdisciplinary by nature and draws upon other social disciplines or branches of knowledge and there by influenced by them in many
ways. At the Senior Secondary level, the curriculum of Political Science is organized in a systematic manner to facilitate students to have
an understanding of political ideas, ideologies, institutions, policies, processes, and behavior, as well as groups, classes, government, law,
peace and war which are the bedrock of human society and polity. The contents enrich student’s writing, communication, data analysis
skills and also develop knowledge about current and past political events across the world. An earnest effort is directed towards laying
the foundation for a serious engagement with the discipline and developing competencies that prepare students for higher education,
learning, and acquiring knowledge.
 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

1. Indian Constitution at Work:

 Understand the historical circumstances and the processes in which the Constitution was drafted.
 Be familiar with the diverse perspectives that guided the makers of the Indian Constitution.
 Analyze the working of the three pillars of democracy: Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary and their role withchanging
times.
 Identify the key features of the Indian Constitution and compare these to other constitutions in the world.
2. Political Theory:
 Recognize the ideas, concepts, and values inherent in the political life of a citizen.
 Systematic reflection and critical analysis of the political phenomenon.
 Provides a clarity on what is ‘political’ in relation to ‘social’, ‘economic’, ‘moral’, and the like.
 Augment the ability of students to build a good state in a good society, and create processes, procedures,
institutions, and structures which could be rationally achievable.
3. Contemporary World Politics
 Enables an understanding of the nature of political interactions amongst the sovereign states in the World.
 Trace the key political events and processes in the post-cold war era.
 Analyze the all-encompassing impact of various global institutions, processes, and events.
 Promote international understanding and respect for humanity.
4. Politics in India since Independence
 Understand and analyze constitutional institutions and their working in the post-independence era.
 Appreciate the contribution of political leaders in Nation Building.
 Develop the capacity to link Government structure, processes, and their policies with contemporary politicalrealities.
 Acquaint the students to the changing trends and developments in India.
 CLASS XI
COURSE STRUCTURE
Chapter Chapter No. of Periods
No. Name
1 Constitution: Why and How? 12
2 Rights in the Indian Constitution 8
3 Election and Representation 14
4 Executive 14
5 Legislature 14
6 Judiciary 14
7 Federalism 14
8 Local Governments 10
9 Constitution as a Living Document 6
10 The Philosophy of the Constitution 6
No. of periods & marks allotted to Indian Constitution at 112
Work
1 Political Theory: An Introduction 8
2 Freedom 10
3 Equality 12
4 Social Justice 12
5 Rights 14
6 Citizenship 12
7 Nationalism 15
8 Secularism 16
99
No. of periods & marks allotted for Political Theory
Total 211
 CLASS XI
COURSE CONTENT
Learning Outcomes with
Suggested Teaching Learning
Chapter No. and Name Specific Learning Objectives Specific Competencies
Process

PART A-INDIAN CONSTITUTION AT WORK

1 Familiarize students with Comparative Analysis: Different After completion of the
the: constitutions chapter, Students will be
Constitution: Why and How? able to:
a) Why do we need a  Key aspects of the working Reading of the Preamble
Constitution? of the Constitution.  Appreciate the need for
 Constitution allows Group Discussions and a Constitution.
coordination and  Various Institutions of the Debates:
government in the country What happens in an  Understand the
assurance organization in the absence of a
and their relationship with historical processes and
 Specification of decision- each other. set of rules and regulations to the circumstances in
making powers run it? which the Indian
 Limitations on the powers  Conditions and Constitution was
of government circumstances in which the How far our National Movement drafted.
Constitution of India was influenced the framing of our
 Aspirations and goals of a
made. Constitution?  Critically evaluate how
society
constitutions, govern
 Fundamental identity of a  Key features of the Indian the distribution of power
people Constitution and other Timeline/FlowchartQuestion in society.
b) The authority of a Constitutions of the world.
Constitution strategy  Analyze the ways in
 Mode of promulgation which the provisions of
 The substantive provisions Quiz
the Constitution have
of a constitution worked in real political
 Balanced institutional life.
design
c) How was the Indian
Constitution made?
 Composition of the
Constituent Assembly
 Procedures
 Inheritance of the
nationalist movement
 Institutional arrangements
d) Provisions adapted from
Constitutions of different
countries

2 Familiarize students Discussion: Rights, the type of After completion of the

withthe: rights, why some rights are chapter students will be
Rights in the Indian considered as fundamental? able to:
Constitution  Fundamental Rights
a) The importance of rights enshrined in the  Analyze the working of
 Bill of Rights Constitution of India the Constitution in real
Lecture method
b) Fundamental rights in the life
Indian Constitution  Manner of protection of Comparative analysis: Rights
 Right to Equality rights guaranteed in India and other  Learn to respect others,
 Right to Freedom countries think critically, and make
 Right against Exploitation  Role of the Judiciary in informed decisions
protecting and interpreting Brain storming: Whether
 Right to Freedom of
these rights directive principles should take  Identify violations of the
Religion
precedence over fundamental rights to equality and
 Cultural and Educational  Comparison between freedom in the society
Rights rights?
Fundamental Rights and around them
 Right to Constitutional the Directive Principles of Drama production
Remedies State Policy.
c) Directive principles of state
policy
 what do the directive Collage-Making: Violations of  Justify the need for
principles contain? rights reasonable restrictions
d) Relationship between on the rights
fundamental rights and guaranteed.
directive principles
 Use freedom of
expression to advocate
for ensuring rights is
given to people around
them.

3 Familiarize students Conducting mock elections After completion of the

withthe: chapter, Students will be
Election and Representation Comparative analysis: Election able to:
 Election process in India processes of different countries
a) Elections and democracy
 Identify different types
b) Election system in India Reflecting on cartoons/ and methods of election
 Structure and functions of caricatures
 First Past the Post System
the Election Commission of
 Proportional India  Develop critical thinking
Group discussion: Challenges
Representation about the role of various
and reforms
c) Why did India adopt the  Rationale of Free and Fair stakeholders in ensuring
FPTP system? elections. free and fair elections.
Reflective inquiry: Recapitulating
known facts
d) Reservation of  Need for electoral reforms.  Demonstrate the innate
constituencies role played by Election
Commission
e) Free and fair elections
 Universal franchise and  Compare election
systems of different
right to contest
countries of the world.
 Independent Election
Commission
f) Electoral Reforms
 4 Familiarize students Comparative Analysis: Different After completion of the
withthe: forms of Executive chapter the student will
Executive  Meaning of Executive be able to:
Interpretation of Cartoons/
a) What is an executive?
 Distinction between caricatures  Recognize the meaning of
b) What are the different
types of executives? Parliamentary and Executive.
Presidential forms of Discussion and Debate: Powers
c) Parliamentary executive in and functions of the Real and
India Executive  Compare and contrast
Nominal Executive the Parliamentary and
 Power and position of
 Power and position of the Presidential Executive.
President President of India. Quiz
 Discretionary Powers of  Analyze the
the President  Composition, powers and composition and
d) Prime Minister and Council functioning of the Council of functioning of the
of ministers Ministers and the importance executive.
e) Permanent Executive: of the Prime Minister
Bureaucracy  Know the significanceof
 Importance and functioning the administrative
of the administrative machinery.
machinery.

Familiarize the students Comparative Analysis: Powers After completion of the

5
withthe: and functions of LokSabha and chapter, Students will be
Legislature Rajya Sabha able to:
 Importance of Legislature.
a) Why do we need a  Describe the law-
Passing of a Bill-Class
parliament?
 Types of Legislatures- activity/Mock Parliament making process in
b) Why do we need two Unicameral and Bicameral. India.
Map activity:
houses of parliament?
Identification of states with
 Rajya Sabha  Powers and functions of the bicameral legislatures  Differentiate between
 Lok Sabha Indian Parliament the powers and
c) What does the parliament Cartoon Interpretation functions of Lok Sabha
do? and Rajya Sabha.
 Powers of Rajya Sabha
 Special Powers of Rajya  Law-making process and the  Examine the
Sabha different types of bills inIndia parliamentary control
d) How does the parliament over the Executive.
make laws?  Instruments of
e) How does the parliament parliamentary control over  Analyze the role of
control the executive? the executive. Parliamentary
f) What do the committees of committees for the
parliament do?  Composition, powers and success of Indian
functions of the Lok Sabha democracy.
g) How does the parliament
regulate itself? and Rajya Sabha.

Familiarize the students Constructivist approach: The After completion of the

6
withthe: importance of India’s Judicial chapter, Students will be
Judiciary System. able to:
 Need of an independent
a) Why do we need an
Judiciary. Moot Courts Discussion:  Identify the different
independent judiciary?
aspects which makes
 Independence of  Different jurisdictions of the the Judiciary
Judiciary Enhancing
Supreme Court assertiveness of the Indian independent
 Appointment of Judges Judiciary.
 Removal of Judges  Distinction between Judicial  Compare and contrast
Activism, Judicial Review and Debates: How far separation of the different
b) Structure of the Judiciary
Judicial Over-reach Powers is practiced? jurisdictions
c) Jurisdiction of supreme  Analyze the reasons
Court  Conflicts between Judiciary why Judiciary has
and Parliament. become proactive.
 Original Jurisdiction
 Writ Jurisdiction  Examine the reasons for
 Appellate Jurisdiction the conflicts between the
 Advisory Jurisdiction judiciary and parliament
with respect to
d) Judicial Activism Constitutional
e) Judiciary and Rights Amendments.
f) Judiciary and Parliament
7 Federalism Familiarize the students After completion of the
withthe: Cartoon interpretation chapter Students will be
a) What is Federalism? able to:
b) Federalism in the Indian  Key ideas & basic conceptsof
Constitution federalism. Textual reading  Explain the basic features
 Division of Powers of a federation.
c) Federalism with a strong  Provisions of the Indian Group Discussion/Debate:
central government Constitution regarding Prevailing issues  Identify the different
federalism. in Centre-state relations. levels of the government
d) Conflicts in India’s federal
system &subjects on which the
 Need to have a strong central union andstate
 Centre-State Relations governments canmake
government in Indiaowing to Map activity
 Demands for Autonomy its diversity and size. laws.
 Role of Governors and
President’s Rule  Issues involving relations  Discuss the various
constitutional provisions
 Demands for New States between Centre and States.
that led to a strong Centre
 Interstate Conflicts in India.
e) Special provisions
 Jammu and Kashmir

Familiarize the students Recapitulation of definitions After completion of the

8 Local Governments chapter, students will be
withthe:
a) Why local governments? Timeline: Depicting the emergence able to:
b) Growth of Local  Importance and need for of local government.  Understand the
Government in India local government. Panchayati Raj systemof
 Local Governments in Flowcharts: On the structural local government in
 Functions and arrangement of Panchayati Raj. India, its emergence and
Independent India
responsibilities of local significance
c) 73rd and 74th government bodies Concept maps:
amendments
The functions of local  Identify the objectives,
d) 73rd Amendment  Significance of the 73rd and government bodies at the rural functions and sources of
 Three Tier Structure 74th Amendments and urban level income of rural and
urban local government
 Elections  Merits and demerits of Group presentation: bodies
decentralization Amendments
 Reservations
 Justify the significance
 Transfer of Subjects Debate/group discussion: The
 Challenges faced by local of 73rd and 74th
 State Election government bodies merits and demerits of constitutional
Commissioners decentralization amendments
 State Finance Commission
e) 74th Amendment  Acknowledge and
examine the
f) Implementation of 73rd
significance of
and 74th Amendments
decentralization

 Introspect and realize

the need to empower
local government
bodies

9 Familiarize students Brainstorming: To assess the After completion of the

withthe: achievements and drawbacks of chapter, Students will be
Constitution as a Living our Constitution able to:
Document  Working of the Indian
a) Are constitutions static? Constitution Debate: Should the Judiciary have  Analyze the working of
the power to determine thevalidity the Constitution.
b) How to amend the of amendments?
constitution?  Response of the Indian
Constitution to the changing  Know the various
c) Why have there been so Discussion: Are the amendments
circumstances amendments that have
many amendments? in the Constitutionas per the taken place and the
d) Contents of amendments needs and circumstances or controversies raised.
made so far  Process of amending the
guided by thewhims and fancies
Indian Constitution
 Differing Interpretations of the rulingparty?  Appreciate why the
 Different types of
 Amendments through amendments Constitution is called a
Political Consensus Living Document.
 Controversial Amendments
e) Basic structure and  Role of the Judiciary in
evolution of the protecting and interpreting
constitution the Constitution
f) Constitution as a Living
Document
 Contribution of the
Judiciary
 Maturity of the Political
Leadership

10 Familiarize students Group discussion: Guiding At the completion of the

withthe: philosophy of the Indian chapter, students will be
The Philosophy of the Constitution able to:
Constitution
 Meaning and need for a
a) What is meant by political philosophy  Appreciate the
philosophy of the approach to the Question Strategy philosophical vision of
constitution? Constitution. our Constitution.
 Constitution as Means of Quiz
Democratic Transformation  Intentions and concerns of  Recognize the core
those who framed the Reading the work of Great features of the Indian
b) Why do we need to go Constitution. thinkers Constitution.
back to the Constituent
Assembly?
 Philosophy of Indian  Evaluate the strengths
Constitution. and limitations of the
c) What is the political Constitution.
philosophy of our
constitution?  Strengths and limitations of
the Constitution.
 Individual freedom
 Social Justice
 Respect for diversity and
minority rights
 Secularism
  Universal franchise
 Federalism
 National identity
d) Procedural Achievements
e) Criticisms
f) Limitations
PART B- POLITICAL THEORY

1 Familiarize students Collecting political cartoons from After completion of the

withthe: various newspapers and magazines chapter, Students will be
Political Theory: An and discussing the issues raised able to:
Introduction  Meaning and importance of
political theory in Political Reading the works of great  Define the term politics
Science. thinkers and identify various
a) What is politics?
political principles.
b) What do we study in
political theory?  Various political concepts  Explain the innate ideasof
c) Putting Political theory into Quiz
various Political theories.
practice  Contribution of Political
d) Why should we study Thinkers  Appreciate the
political theory? contribution of Political
 Basic questions: Thinkers (example:
Jean Jacques
a. How should society be Rousseau).
organized?
b. Why do we need a
government?
2 Familiarize students Discussion: Individual freedom After completion of the
withthe: chapter, Students will be
Freedom Debate: Does dress code curtail able to:
 Struggle of Nelson Mandela individual freedom?
a) The Ideal of freedom
and Aung San Suu Kyi against  Appreciate the ideal of
the unjust Political System. Comparative Analysis: Negative freedom.
and positive liberty
b) The sources of  Critically evaluate the
Constraints-Why do we  Concept of ‘Freedom’. Examine current case studies dimensions of negative
need constraints? related to the topic. and positive liberty.
c) The Harm Principle  Sources of Constraints and  Demonstrate spirit of
need for Constraints Quiz enquiry
d) Negative and Positive
liberty  Importance of freedom for  Explain the ideas
Individuals and the societyin introduced by J.S. Mill
general. in Harm Principle.

 Differentiate between the  Assess the possible

Negative and Positive limitations on freedom
liberty. resulting from the social
and economic structures
 Harm Principle as of society.
advocated by J.S Mill

3 Familiarize students Discussion and debate: After completion of the

withthe: Promotion of equality chapter, Students will be
Equality able to:
a) Why does equality matter?  Concept of Equality. Reading the works of great
thinkers.  Understand the moral
● Equality of opportunities and political ideals of
 Different dimensions of .
● Natural and Social Reflective Enquiry and equality.
Inequalities equality—political,
economic, and social Recapitulation
b) Three dimensions of  Assess how equality is
equality Skit on Equality perceived through
 Various ideologies of
c) Feminism, Socialism Socialism, Marxism, different ideologies
d) How can we promote Liberalism and Feminism. Role play
equality?  Recognize the means
 Different methods to and methods to
promote equality. promote equality.
  Evaluate the possible
solutions to minimize
inequality.
4 Familiarize students Debate: Free Markets versus After completion of the
withthe: State Intervention chapter, Students will be
Social Justice able to:
a) What is Justice?  Meaning of Justice Quiz
 Classify the different
● Equal Treatment for dimensions of justice.
 Principles of justice Comparative Analysis:
Equals
followed in different Dimensions of justice
● Proportionate Justice  Appreciate the measures
societies
● Recognition of Special taken by thegovernment
Needs of India tosecure social
 Concept of distributive and
b) Just distribution justice.
proportionate justice
c) John Rawls Theory of
Justice  Arguments of John Rawls  Enlist the basic
d) Pursuing Social Justice ‘on fair and just society. minimum requirements
e) Free Markets versus State of people for living a
Intervention healthy and productive
 Advantages and limitationsof
life.
free market
 State John Rawls’
theory of veil of
ignorance.

5 Familiarize students Discussion: Importance of rights After completion of the

withthe: chapter, Students will be
Rights Collaborative Learning- Assigning able to:
a) What are Rights?  Definition and significance task for acquiring information on
of rights. different types ofrights.  Define rights
b) Where do rights come
from? Comparative analysis: Different  Identify the need for
 Rights as guaranteed to all
c) Legal rights and the state the citizens type of rights rights and its importance
d) Kinds of rights to mankind.
e) Rights and responsibilities
  Importance of Human  Explain why rights needto
Rights be sanctioned by law.

 Different kinds of rights-  Describe the features of

Political, Civil, Socio- different kinds of rights.
Economic, Cultural and
Educational.

6 Familiarize students Discussion: Norms of granting After completion of the

withthe: citizenship put forth by different chapter, Students will be
Citizenship countries able to:
 Debates associated with
a) Introduction citizenship Debate: Should India grant dual  Explain the meaning of
b) Full and equal membership citizenship? citizenship.
c) Equal Rights  Relationship between the
d) Citizen and Nation citizen and the nation; and  Contribute to
e) Universal Citizenship different criteria of Interpretation of newspaper meaningful discussion
f) Global Citizenship citizenship adopted by articles on ways of granting
various countries. citizenship.

 Issues about refugees or  Discuss the probable

illegal migrants solutions or alternatives
to solve citizenship issue.
 Concept of Global
Citizenship
 Analyze the problemsto
be surmounted to
strengthen links
between the people
and governments

7 Familiarize students Recapitulation of definitions. After completion of the

withthe: chapter, students will be
Nationalism Group interaction: The factors that able to:
 Emergence and phases of help in creating the sense of
a) Introducing Nationalism
nationalism
b) Nations and Nationalism collective identity  Understand the
● Shared Beliefs  Distinction between state, concepts of nation and
● History nation, and nationalism Textual explanation nationalism
● Shared National Identity
 Concept of National self- Debate: Can identity claims leadto  Assess the strengths
c) National self-determination
determination social divisions or will it and limitations of
d) Nationalism and Pluralism strengthen and recognize multiple nationalism.
identities?
 Difference between
Nationalism and Pluralism  Identify and build an
understanding on the
factors related to
creation of collective
identities

 Examine the concept of

national self-
determination

 Acknowledge the needto

make nations more
democratic and inclusive

8 Familiarize students Discussion and Debate: On After completion of the

withthe: Indian Secularism chapter, student will be
Secularism able to:
 Meaning of Secularism Inquiry based learning
a) What is Secularism?
● Inter-religious Domination  Define Secularism.
 Inter-religious and Intra- Comparative Study: The
● Intra-religious Domination Religious Domination. Western model and the Indian
b) Secular State  Differentiate between
model of secularism. Inter-religious and
c) The western model of  Characteristics of a Intra-Religious
secularism Secular State Domination.
d) The Indian model of
secularism
e) Criticisms of Indian  Western and Indian  Recognize the concept
secularism Model of Secularism. of a SecularState.
● Western Import
● Minoritism  Limitations of Indian  Compare Western and
● Interventionist Secularism Indian Model of
● Vote Bank Politics Secularism.

 Make an appraisal of
Indian Secularism.

Prescribed Textbooks:

1. Indian Constitution at Work, Class XI, Published by NCERT

2. Political Theory, Class XI, Published by NCERT
3. Added Reference Material available with the document in the Annexure
 CLASS XII COURSE STRUCTURE

Chapter No. Chapter Name No. of

Periods
PART A-CONTEMPORARY
WORLD POLITICS
1 The End of Bipolarity 15
2 Contemporary Centres of Power 18
3 Contemporary South Asia 18
4 International Organizations 10
5 Security in the Contemporary World 10
6 Environment and Natural Resources 12
7 Globalisation 12
Total 95
PART B-POLITICS IN INDIA
SINCE INDEPENDENCE
1 Challenges of Nation-Building 16
2 Era of One-Party Dominance 8
3 Politics of Planned Development 12
4 India’s External Relations 20
5 Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress System 12
6 The Crisis of Democratic Order 15
7 Regional Aspirations 15
8 Recent Developments in Indian Politics 20
118
TOTAL 213
 CLASS XII COURSE CONTENT

Learning Outcomes with

Suggested Teaching
Chapter No. and Name Specific Learning Objectives Specific Competencies
Learning Process

PART A-CONTEMPORARY WORLD POLITICS

1 Familiarize students with the: Group Discussion: Causes After completion of the
and consequences of chapter, Students will be
The End of Bipolarity
 Historical facts and processesof disintegration of USSR able to:
Topics to be focused: formation of Soviet Union.  Identify the basic featuresof
a) The Soviet System Documentaries-Past & the Soviet System.
b) Gorbachev and the  Causes and consequences ofthe present situations in
disintegration Disintegration of the USSR/Post Soviet  Discuss the background
c) Causes and Consequencesof Soviet Union Republics and outcome of
disintegration of Soviet Union disintegration of the Soviet
d) Shock Therapy and its  Shock Therapy and its Analysis of relevant Union.
Consequences consequences. newspaper articles

e) New entities in world politics  Examine the consequencesof

 Tensions and Conflicts which unipolar world
 Russia occurred in the former Soviet
 Balkan States Republics.  Assess the features of
Shock Therapy
 Central Asian States
 Relationship between India
f) India's relations with Russia and the post-communist  Probe into the recent
and other post-communist countries happenings in the Post-
countries Communist Countries.

 Trace the developments

between India& Russia
 2 Familiarize students with the: Discussion: Importance on After completion of the
regional organisations chapter, Students will be
Contemporary Centres of  Alternative centres of power. able to:
Power Comparative study:
Topics to be focused:  European Union and ASEANas
Economic growth of  Compare and contrast the
China, Japan and South importance of European
alternative centres of power.
a) European Union Korea. Union and ASEAN.
b) Association of Southeast  Economic rise of China andits
Asian Nations Use of timeline Inquiry  Evaluate the extent of rise of
impact on world politics.
c) Rise of China as an Chinese economy and its
based learningMap impact on world politics.
economic power  Relations of India with China.
d) Japan and South Korea as activity  Summarize India’s relations
emerging powers with China.
Interpretation of cartoons/
Pictures/ Newspaper
clippings

Familiarize students with the: Map activity After completion of the

3
 South Asian region. chapter, Students will be
Contemporary South Asia Comparative Analysis: able to:
Topics to be focused:  Nature of Political systems in Political systems of South
the countries of the region. Asian countries  Identify & locate the seven
a) Military and Democracy in countries of the South Asian
Pakistan and Bangladesh Use of Historical data region.
 Reasons that contributed to
b) Monarchy and Democracy in Pakistan’s failure in buildinga
Nepal stabled democracy.  Appreciate the mixed record
c) Ethnic Conflict and Interpretation of of democracy in theSouth
 Factors that led to cartoons/Pictures Asian region.
Democracy in Sri Lanka struggle for democracyin
d) India-Pakistan Conflicts /Newspaper clippings
Bangladesh.
e) India and its Neighbours  Examine the role of
Discussion: Current Political leaders
f) Peace and Cooperation  Developments leading to the economic crisis in Sri
transition from Monarchy to a Lanka and Pakistan
 Reflect upon the causes of
various conflicts and
 Democracy in Nepal. movements in this region.
Quiz
 Continuation of democracy  Justify the creation of
since independence despite SAARC
serious ethnic conflict in Sri
Lanka  Understand the
involvement of US and
 Relations between India andits China in South Asia.
neighbours

 Importance of regional
cooperation in South Asia

 Role of big powers like USA

and China in the South Asian
region.
Familiarize students with the: Discussion and debate: After completion of the
4
Necessary reforms of the chapter, Students will be
International Organizations  Important events in World UN able to:
History
Topics to be focused:  Define International
 Need for formation of Interpretation of
Organization
a) Meaning and importance of International Organizations cartoons
International Organisations /Newspaper  Appreciate the role of
b) Evolution of the UN  Functioning of International clippings United Nations and its
Organizations agencies
c) Structure and function of
International Organisations Quiz
 Organs and agencies of the  Reflect on the events taking
d) Principal Organs of UN United Nations
Model United Nations place in the post-cold war era
e) Reform of the UN after Cold
War  Need for reforms in the
 Understand the need for
f) Reform of Structures, changing world
reforms in the United
Processes and Jurisdiction of  United Nations in a unipolar Nations
the UN world
g) India and the UN Reforms
h) Key Agencies: IMF, World
Bank, WTO, ILO, IAEA.

i) NGO: Amnesty International,

Human Rights Watch.
j) Implications and Future of
International Organizations
5 Familiarize students with the: Discussions and debates: After completion of the
Security in the Contemporary New sources of threat chapter, Students will be
World  Meaning, nature and types of able to:
security Comparative analysis:
Topics to be focused: Security concerns of  Recognize the causes of
 External and Internal notions security threats
a) Meaning and Type of of security different countries
Security.  Enhance analytical skills to
b) Traditional concept of  Emerging challenges of new Interpretation of
provide solutions to security
security Threats-Human rights, cartoons/Pictures concerns.
c) Non-tradition notions of terrorism, migration, health,
Security. epidemics Collaborative concept  Develop critical thinking
d) New Sources of Threats mapping: India’s initiatives about the role of various
 Need for Cooperative security and policies towards stakeholders in ensuring
e) Cooperative Security
 Components of India’s security security. security today.
f) India’s Security strategy
strategy

6 Familiarize students with the: After completion of the

Presentation:
Environmental issues chapter, Students will be
Environment and Natural  Environmental issues able to:
Resources Recapitulation
 Global commons
Topics to be focused:  Enlist and explain the facts
Debate and discussion: related to global
a) Environmental Concerns  Responsibilities of developed Indigenous communities
and developing countries environmental issues
b) Global Commons of the world and their
towards the conservation of the concerns
c) Common but differentiated environment  Recognize and understand
Responsibilities the need to conserve critical
Newspaper activity to
d) India’s Stand on  Efforts taken by India at resources
inculcate concern,
Environment Issues resource conservation and awareness and
sustainable development  Demonstrate knowledge
e) Environmental Movements
f) Resource Geopolitics environmental morality and appreciation towards
 Need to conserve critical India’s responsibility in
g) Rights of Indigenous peoples resources like oil and water protecting environment
 Environmental movements  Realize the need to
 Concerns of indigenous conserve resources and
communities, the role of exhibit responsibility
governments and international towards prudential use to
organizations inprotecting facilitate sustainable
their rights. development
 Know about the nature of
concerns of indigenous
communities and
understand how the
governments of different
countries respond to their
plea

7 Familiarize students with the: Group discussion: Positive After completion of the
and negative impact of chapter, Students will be
Globalisation  Concept of Globalisation. globalization. able to:
Topics to be focused:
a) Concept of globalisation  Causes of Globalisation. Interpretation of Cartoons  Appreciate the
b) Causes and Consequencesof significance of Globalization
globalisation  Political, economic, and
cultural consequences of Question strategy  Elucidate the political,
c) India and globalization
Globalisation. economic, and cultural
d) Resistance to globalization
dimensions of
e) India and resistance to Globalisation.
 Impact of Globalisation on
globalisation
India.
 Critically evaluate the
 Resistance to globalisation impact of globalisation on
and its future course. India.
  Draw attention to resistance
movements to Globalisation
and envisage its future
trends.
PART B-POLITICS IN INDIA SINCE
INDEPENDENCE
1 Familiarize students with the: Documentaries After completion of the
chapter, Students will be
Challenges of Nation  Nature and challenges of Discussion: Causes and able to:
Building Nation building consequences of Partition
 Analyse the challenges
 Causes and consequences of Live Experiences-Meeting which Independent India
Topics to be focused: faced.
Partition of India. People who lived through
a) Challenges for the new this period.  Describe the factors that ledto
Nation.
 Process of integration of the partition of India.
 Three Challenges. princely states Cartoon Interpretation
b) Partition: Displacement and  Explain the circumstances
Rehabilitation.  Important role of Sardar Map Activity under which different
 Consequences of Partition. Vallabhai Patel in the princely states signed the
c) Integration of Princely integration of princely states Instrument of Accession.
States.
 The problem  Reorganisation of states  Assess how language became
the basis of reorganisation of
 Government’s approach the states.
 Hyderabad
 Manipur  Evaluate the role played by
d) Reorganisation of States. leaders in Nation Building.

2 Familiarize students with the: Group Discussion: Recent After completion of the
changes in the electoral chapter, Students will be
Era of One-Party Dominance  Challenge of establishing process able to:
Topics to be focussed: democracy in India.
Comparative analysis:  Appreciate the sustenance of
a) Challenge of building Ideology of different democratic politics in the
 Process of ensuring free andfair
democracy. country.
Elections. political parties
b) Congress dominance in the  Evaluate the electoral
first three general elect ions.  Nature and dominance of Maps/Cartoons politics post-Independence
Congress party during the
 Nature of Congress Post-Independence Period. Question strategy  Assess the dominance
dominance ofthe Indian National
 Congress as social and  Emergence and role of Quiz Congress from 1952 to
ideological coalition. opposition parties 1967.
 Tolerance and
management of Factions  Evaluate the role of
Opposition parties
c) Emergence of opposition
parties.

3 Familiarize students with the: After completion of the

Debate and Discussion: chapter, Students will be
Politics of Planned  Nature of conflict in achieving First three 5-year plans. able to:
Development the twin objectivesof economic
Topics to be focussed: growth and socio- economic Comparative analysis:  Identify the varied option
justice. The Left and Right considered by the
a) Political contestation. government to balance
ideology.
 Ideas of Development.  Two models of development growth and socio-economic
justice.
 Planning
 Design or plan of
 Planning Commission development.  Know the difference
b) The Early Initiatives between Left and Right
 Emergence aims and Ideology
 The First Five Year Plan.
objectives of the first two
 Rapid Industrialisation. five-year plans.  Understand the need for the
formation of the Planning
 Replacement of Planning Commission.
Commission by National
Institution for Transforming  Appreciate the need for
India (NITI Aayog) strategic long-term
development programme
and policies
 4 Familiarize students with the: Presentation: NAM After completion of the
founders, objectives, chapter, Students will be
India’s External Relations  Objectives and Principles of principles and its able to:
Topics to be focussed: India’s foreign policy relevance in
contemporary world  Recognise the significanceof
a) International Context politics NAM
 India’s role as a founder of
b) The Policy of Non- NAM and in forging Afro-
Alignment. Asian unity Group discussion: India’s  Interpret, compare and
relations with China and contrast multi-lateral
 Nehru’s role
Pakistan (past, present and aspects of Indo-China
 Distance from two camps.  Sino-Indian relationship – future) relationship
Pre and post 1962 invasion
 Afro Asian Unity and its profound impact on Debate: India’s stand on  Demonstrate knowledge on
c) Peace and conflict with Indian politics shifting alliances
China Indo-Pak wars
 The Chinese Invasion1962  India-Pakistan relationship Research and Report
since independence  Appreciate the steps takenby
 War and Peace with Writing
Indian government to
Pakistan develop military capacity
 Components of India’s
 Bangladesh War 1971 nuclear policy
 Reflect and introspect on
d) India’s Nuclear Policy.
the choices that the country
 Shifting alliances in World must consider forthe cause
Politics
of developmentand peace
building

5 Familiarize students with the: Use of timeline After completion of the

chapter, Students will be
Challenges to and  Challenge of Political able to:
Comparative analysis:
Restoration of the Congress
Succession after Nehru Political Succession
System  Understand the challenges of
Group discussion:
Topics to be focused:  Split in Congress and Changing electoral political succession after
a) Challenge of Political opposition unity performance of the Nehru.
Succession
 From Nehru to Shastri  Evaluate the opposition
 From Shastri to Indira  New Congress led by Indira congress unity and the Congress split as
Gandhi Gandhi a challenge to Congress
b) Fourth General Election Interpretation of cartoons dominance.
1967  Restoration of the Congress
 Context of the Election. system. Map Activity  Compare and contrast the
new Congress and the old
 Non Congressism Congress.
 Electoral Verdict
 Coalitions  Summarize the initiatives
 Defections taken by Indira Gandhi to
c) Split in the Congress overcome the challenges
faced by her
 Indira vs the Syndicate
 Presidential Election 1969  Analyze the process of
d) The 1971 Election and restoration of the Congress
Restoration of Congress system
 The outcome and after
 Restoration?

6 Familiarize students with the: After completion of the

Group discussion: Based on chapter, Students will be
The Crisis of Democratic able to:
 Economic conditions before Newspaper articles and
Order
Emergency. other media information
Topics to be focused: with respect to emergency  Understand the causes and
a) Background to  Gujarat and Bihar Quiz consequences of Emergency
Emergency. movements.
 Economic Context. Cartoon Interpretation
 Examine the lessons of
 Conflict between Executive Emergency
 Gujarat and Bihar
Movements and Judiciary. Map Activity
 Evaluate the rule of Janata
 Conflict with Judiciary
 Consequences of
b) Declaration of Emergency
 Crisis and response Emergency. Government

 Consequences  Lessons of Emergency.

c) Lessons of the Emergency.
d) Politics after Emergency.  Lok Sabha Elections-1977.
 Lok Sabha Elections 1977
 Janata Government
 Legacy
7 Familiarize students with the: After completion of the
Group discussion: chapter, Students will be
Regional Aspirations  Rise of regional aspirations able to:
Topics to be focused: and government’s response
Demands of Autonomy  Discuss the implications of
a) Region and the Nation regional demands.
 Indian Approach  Underlying reasons for
 Areas of Tension demands for regional
autonomy in different parts of the  Analyse the importance of
 Jammu and Kashmir integrity in India.
 Roots of the Problem
 Success of Indian government
 External and Internal in recognizing regionalism as a
country.  Appreciate the initiatives
disputes part and parcel of democratic taken by the government in
 Politics since 1948 politics. dealing with regional
 Insurgency and After Comparative analysis: aspirations
 2022 and Beyond
b) Punjab
Government’s responseto
 Political Context
 Cycle of Violence
 Road to Peace regional aspirations
c) The Northeast
 Demand for autonomy
 Secessionist Movements Quiz.
 Movements against
outsiders
 Assam and National
 Integration.
8 Familiarize students with the: Comparative analysis: After completion of the
Different developments chapter, Students will be
Recent Developments in  Nature, trends and taking place in present able to:
Indian Politics developments in Indian scenario with that of
politics and its impact twentieth century.  Understand momentous
Topics to be focused
changes taking place in the
 Era of Coalitions-National Timeline nation since 1989
a) Context of 1990s
Front, United Front, United
Progressive Alliance, National Interpretation of  Trace the rise and growthof
b) Era of Coalition Cartoons/Caricatures
Democratic Alliance BJP.
 Alliance Politics
c) Political rise if the Quiz
Backward Classes  Implications of Coalition  Identify the areas of
politics growing consensus
 Mandal Implemented Reflective Enquiry
 Political Fallouts
 Political Rise of Other
d) Communalism, Secularism
Backward Classes
and Democracy.
 Ayodhya Dispute
 Decline of Congress system
 Demolition and after and rise of NDA led by
e) Emergence of New Bhartiya Janta Party
Consensus
f) Lok Sabha Elections 2004  Emergence of growing
g) Growing Consensus consensus

Prescribed Books:
1. Contemporary World Politics, Class XII, Published by NCERT
2. Politics in India since Independence, Class XII, Published by NCERT