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Derivative Lec 2

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21 views12 pages

Derivative Lec 2

Uploaded by

nourshref2000
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CHAPTER 2

DIFFERENTIATION
h.alhalabi@bau.edu.lb

Lecture 2-Chapter 2

• Logarithmic Differentiation
Derivative of Logarithm-Revision
𝐝 𝐔′
𝐋𝐧𝐔 =
𝐝𝐱 𝐔
1) Find the first derivative of 𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
Let 𝑈 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 , 𝑈 ′ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
′
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑦 = = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

2) Find the first derivative of 𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛𝑥


1
Let 𝑈 = 𝐿𝑛𝑥 , 𝑈′ =
𝑥
1
′ 𝑥 1
𝑦 = =
2 𝐿𝑛𝑥 2𝑥 𝐿𝑛𝑥
Why Logarithmic differentiation?
• The calculation of derivatives of complicated
functions involving products, quotients or
powers can be simplified by using logarithmic
differentiation

𝟑ൗ 𝟒
𝒙 𝟒.𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 𝐲 = 𝐱. 𝟏 + 𝒙𝟑 . 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝐲=
(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟓

𝐲 = (𝟓 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱)𝐥𝐧𝐱 𝐲 = (𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱)𝐱
Laws of logarithms:
• ln 𝑎. 𝑏 = lna + lnb
𝑎
• ln = lna − lnb
𝑏
• ln(a)b = b. lna
STEPS IN LOGARITHMIC DIFFERENTIATION

1) Take natural logarithms of both sides of an


equation y = f(x) and use the Laws of Logarithms
to simplify.

2) Differentiate implicitly with respect to x.

3) Solve the resulting equation for y’.


Case 1:
Ex.1 Find the derivative of
𝟑ൗ
𝒙 𝟒. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏
𝐲=
Solution:
(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟓

We take logarithms of both sides of the equation and use


the Laws of Logarithms to simplify:
3ൗ 𝑎
𝑥2 + 1
𝑥 4. ln
𝑏
= lna − lnb
lny = ln( 5
)
(3𝑥 + 2) ln 𝑎. 𝑏 = lna + lnb
3ൗ
ln𝑦 = ln 𝑥 4 . 𝑥 2 + 1 − ln(3𝑥 + 2)5
3ൗ
ln𝑦 = ln 𝑥 4 + ln( 𝑥 2 + 1 ) − ln(3𝑥 + 2)5
ln(a)b = b. lna
3ൗ 2 1ൗ
ln𝑦 = ln 𝑥 4
+ ln( 𝑥 + − ln(3𝑥 + 2)5
1) 2
3 1
ln𝑦 = ln 𝑥 + ln( 𝑥 2 + 1) − 5ln(3𝑥 + 2)
4 2

Differentiate both sides:


𝑦 ′ 3 1 1 2𝑥 3
= . + ( 2 ) − 5( )
𝑦 4 𝑥 2 𝑥 +1 3𝑥 + 2

′
3 1 1 2𝑥 3
𝑦 = 𝑦{ . + 2
−5 }
4 𝑥 2 𝑥 +1 3𝑥 + 2

dy x x  1  3
3/ 4 2
x 15 
 5 
 2  
dx (3x  2)  4 x x  1 3x  2 
4
Ex.2 Find the derivative of 𝑦 = 𝑥. 1 + 𝑥 3 .𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
Solution:

𝟒
𝐲 = 𝐱. 𝟏 + 𝒙𝟑 . 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
Taking “Ln” both sides
4
lny = ln x. 1 + 𝑥 3 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
3 1ൗ
lny = lnx + ln(1 + 𝑥 ) 4
+ ln(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
1
lny = lnx + ln 1 + 𝑥 3 + ln(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) Differentiate both sides
4
𝑦, 1 1 3𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= + . 3 +
𝑦 𝑥 4 1+𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1 1 3𝑥 2
𝑦′ =y + . 3
+ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
𝑥 4 1+𝑥
4 1 1 3𝑥 2
𝑦′ = 𝑥. 1 + 𝑥3 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + . + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
𝑥 4 1 + 𝑥3
Case 2: Function with variable exponent
Find the derivative of 𝐲 = 𝟐𝐱 , 𝐲 = 𝐱 𝐱 , 𝐲 = (𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱)𝐱 , 𝐚𝐧𝐝
𝐲 = (𝟓 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱)𝐥𝐧𝐱

a) 𝐲 = 𝟐𝐱
Taking “Ln” both sides
Lny = Ln2x
Lny = x. Ln2
U=x 𝑼′ = 𝟏
Differentiate both sides we get: V=Ln2 𝑽′ = 𝟎
(𝑼. 𝑽)′ = 𝑼′ 𝑽 + 𝑽′ 𝑼
y,
= 1. Ln2 + 0. x = Ln2
y
dy
therefore = y ′ = y. Ln2 = 2x . Ln2
dx
b) 𝐲 = 𝐱 𝐱
Taking “Ln” both sides
Lny = Lnx x

Lny = x. Lnx
U=x 𝑼′ = 𝟏
𝟏
V=Lnx 𝑽′ =
𝒙
(𝑼. 𝑽)′ = 𝑼′ 𝑽 + 𝑽′ 𝑼
Differentiate both sides we get:
y, 1
= 1. Lnx + . x = Lnx + 1 therefore
y x
dy
= y ′ = y. (Lnx + 1) = x x . (Lnx + 1)
dx
c) 𝐲 = (𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱)𝐱

Taking “Ln” both sides

Lny = Ln(sinx)x

Lny = x. Ln(sinx)

U=x 𝑼′ = 𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
V=Ln(sinx) 𝑽′ =
Differentiate both sides we get: 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
(𝑼. 𝑽)′ = 𝑼′ 𝑽 + 𝑽′ 𝑼

y, cosx
= 1. Ln sinx + .x = Ln sinx + x. cotx therefore
y sinx

dy
= y ′ = y. Lnsinx + x. cotx
dx

= sinx x . (Lnsinx + x. cotx)


d) 𝐲 = (𝟓 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱)𝐥𝐧𝐱
Taking “Ln” both sides
Lny = Ln(5 + cosx)lnx

Lny = lnx. Ln(5 + cosx)


𝟏
U=Lnx 𝑼′ =
𝒙
Differentiate both sides we get: V=Ln(5+cosx) ′
𝑽 =
−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝟓+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙

y, 1 −sinx
= . Ln 5 + cosx + . lnx therefore
y x 5+cosx

dy 1 −sinx
= y ′ = y. . Ln 5 + cosx + . lnx
dx x 5+cosx

dy ′ 𝐥𝐧𝐱
1 −sinx
= y = (𝟓 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱) . . Ln 5 + cosx + . lnx
dx x 5 + cosx

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