Unit 1: Introduction to Android

Question 1: What is Android Explain Version and applications.

Android is a mobile operating system based on the Linux kernel, designed primarily for
touchscreen devices such as smartphones and tablets. It's developed and maintained by
Google and is open-source.
Versions: Android has evolved through various versions, each with new features and
improvements. Some notable ones include:
● Android 1.0 (2008): The initial release.
● Android 2.0 (Eclair) (2009): Introduced multitasking, Bluetooth 2.1, and a new UI.
● Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) (2011): Designed for tablets, featuring a larger screen and UI.
● Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) (2011): Combined features from Honeycomb and
Gingerbread.
● Android 5.0 (Lollipop) (2014): Introduced Material Design, Project Volta for battery life,
and more.
● Android 6.0 (Marshmallow) (2015): Added Doze mode, app permissions, and Google
Now on Tap.
● Android 7.0 (Nougat) (2016): Introduced multi-window support, Vulkan API, and new
emojis.
● Android 8.0 (Oreo) (2017): Added picture-in-picture mode, notification channels, and
background limits.
● Android 9.0 (Pie) (2018): Introduced gesture navigation, adaptive battery, and Slices.
● And more recent versions like Android 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14.
Applications: Android offers a vast ecosystem of apps, covering various categories like:
● Productivity: Google Apps, Microsoft Office, Evernote, Trello
● Communication: WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, Telegram, Skype
● Entertainment: Netflix, YouTube, Spotify, Amazon Prime Video
● Games: PUBG Mobile, Fortnite, Clash of Clans, Candy Crush Saga
● Utilities: Google Maps, Google Translate, Calculator, Clock
● And many more!
Question 2: What is SDK? Explain procedure of installation. Android SDK tools.
SDK (Software Development Kit): It's a collection of tools, libraries, and documentation used
to create applications for a specific platform. For Android, it provides the necessary tools to
develop apps.
Installation:
1. Download: Visit the official Android developer website and download the latest Android
Studio bundle.
2. Install: Follow the on-screen instructions to install Android Studio.
3. Configure SDK: During installation, configure the SDK path.
4. Install Components: Use the SDK Manager to install additional components like different
Android platform versions and tools.
Android SDK Tools:
● Android Studio: The main IDE for Android development.
● Gradle: A build system for automating app compilation, testing, and packaging.
● ADB (Android Debug Bridge): A command-line tool for communicating with an Android
device.
● Emulator: A tool that simulates an Android device on your computer.
● Hierarchy Viewer: A tool for visualizing the layout of an Android app.
● Lint: A static code analysis tool for finding potential issues in your code.
Question 3: Discuss about anatomy of Android application.
An Android app consists of several components:
● Activities: Screens that represent a user interface.
● Services: Background tasks that run independently of activities.
● Broadcast Receivers: Components that respond to system-wide events.
● Content Providers: Components that manage data access for other apps.
Question 4: Explain in detail architecture of Android with suitable block diagram.
Android's architecture is layered:
1. Applications Layer: Contains the apps you use.
2. Application Framework Layer: Provides APIs for developers to interact with the system.
3. Libraries Layer: Contains various libraries for core functionalities.
4. Android Runtime Layer: The runtime environment for Android apps.
5. Linux Kernel Layer: The foundation of the Android system.
Question 5: Create hello old application. Display hello world in middle off screen with red
color and white background.
Create a new project in Android Studio:
1. Choose "Empty Activity".
2. Replace the existing code in MainActivity.java with:
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

TextView textView = findViewById(R.id.textView);

textView.setText("Hello World!");
textView.setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.red));

textView.setBackgroundColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.white));
}
}

Question 6: List the features of Android OS.

● Multitasking: Allows running multiple apps simultaneously.
● Customization: Personalize your Android experience with themes, wallpapers, and
widgets.
● Google Play Store: A vast marketplace for apps, games, and other content.
● Google Assistant: A virtual assistant for tasks like setting reminders, playing music, and
answering questions.
● Camera: A powerful camera app with various features.
● Google Maps: A detailed mapping app with navigation, real-time traffic, and local
information.
● And much more!
Question 7: Difference between JVM and DVM.
JVM (Java Virtual Machine):
● Stack-based architecture.
● Uses Java bytecode.
● Generally less efficient for mobile devices.
DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine):
● Register-based architecture.
● Uses Dalvik bytecode, optimized for mobile devices.
● More efficient than JVM for mobile environments.
● https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69183019/on-android-the-variable-is-not-being-passe
d-from-one-class-to-another-class-via
● http://stackoverflow.com/questions/17108888/make-links-in-textview-open-webview-in-an
droid-app
● https://blog.csdn.net/m0_71524094/article/details/130188985