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OSCILLATIONS

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khatrisavita1981
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686 views26 pages

OSCILLATIONS

Uploaded by

khatrisavita1981
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Oscillation Motion

•To and fro motion of a particle about a


mean position is called an oscillatory
motion in which a particle moves on either
side of the equilibrium (or) mean position
Periodic Motion is an oscillatory motion.
•It is a kind of periodic motion bounded
•A motion repeats itself after an equal interval
between extreme points. For example, the
of time. For example, uniform circular motion.
oscillation of a simple pendulum, spring-
•There is no equilibrium position. mass system.
•There is no restoring force. •The object will keep on moving between
•There is no stable equilibrium position. two extreme points about a fixed point is
called the mean position (or) equilibrium
position along any path (the path is not a
constraint).
•There will be a restoring force directed
towards the equilibrium position (or)
mean position.
•In an oscillatory motion, the net force on
the particle is zero at the mean position.
•The mean position is a stable equilibrium
position.
What is difference between vibratory motion and oscillations?

Basically they are the same. They are the to and fro motion
of any object about a mean position. Short and quick to and
fro motion are called vibratory motion and the longer and
slower ones are called oscillatory.
Eg vibration of a guitar string,
oscillation of a pendulum or a swing
Simple Harmonic Motion or SHM
•It is a special case of oscillation, along with a
straight line between the two extreme points (the
path of SHM is a constraint).
•The path of the object needs to be a straight line.
•There will be a restoring force directed towards the
equilibrium position (or) mean position.
•The mean position in Simple Harmonic Motion is a
stable equilibrium.
Conditions for SHM
F→∝−x→a→∝−x→

Types of Simple Harmonic Motion


The SHM, or Simple Harmonic Motion, can be
classified into two types:
•Linear SHM
•Angular SHM
Simple Harmonic Motion Key Terms

Mean Position
The point at which net force acting on the particle is zero.
From the mean position, the force acting on the particle is
F→∝−x→
a→∝−x→
Conditions at Mean Position
Fnet→=0a→=0
The force acting on the particle is negative of the displacement. So,
this point of equilibrium will be a stable equilibrium.
Amplitude in SHM

It is the maximum displacement of the particle from the mean position.


Time Period and Frequency of SHM
The minimum time after which the particle keeps on repeating its motion is known as the time period, or the shortest time taken to complete on
T = 2π/ω
Frequency: The number of oscillations per second is defined as the frequency.
Frequency = 1/T and, angular frequency ω = 2πf = 2π/T
Phase in SHM Phase Difference
The phase of a vibrating particle at any The difference in total phase angles of two
instant is the state of the vibrating or particles executing simple harmonic motion
oscillating particle regarding its with respect to the mean position is known
displacement and direction of vibration at as the phase difference. Two vibrating
that particular instant. particles are said to be in the same phase;
the phase difference between them is an
The expression and position of a particle as even multiple of π.
a function of time.
ΔΦ = nπ where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . . .
x = A sin (ωt + Φ)
Two vibrating particles are said to be in
Where (ωt + Φ) is the phase of the particle, opposite phases if the phase difference
the phase angle at time t = 0 is known as between them is an odd multiple of π.
the initial phase.
ΔΦ = (2n + 1) π where n = 0, 1, 2, 3
Simple Harmonic Motion Equation and
Its Solution
Consider a particle of mass (m)
executing Simple Harmonic Motion along
a path x o x; the mean position at O.

Let the speed of the particle be v0 when it


is at position p (at a distance no from O).

At t = 0, the particle at P (moving


towards the right)

At t = t, the particle is at Q (at a distance


x from O)
With a velocity (v).
The y displacement of S.H.M. is given by
y = a sin ω t

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