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5 2D4990E11F92.CLASS10 ReportedSpeech2

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54 views4 pages

5 2D4990E11F92.CLASS10 ReportedSpeech2

Uploaded by

kashish.bhesania
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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REPORTED SPEECH

INTRODUCTION : When the words actually spoken by a speaker are quoted, it is


known as Direct Speech. When the words of a speaker are reported in the form of
a narrative instead of their actual words, it is known as Reported Speech.

Direct Speech
o The reporting verb is followed by a comma.
o The words actually spoken by the speaker are placed within inverted
commas.
o The first word of the speaker's actual words begins with a capital letter.
Reported Speech
o The reporting verb is followed by a connector such as ‘that’.
o No inverted commas are used.
o Since the speaker's words are not quoted, no capital letters are used in
reported speech.

Converting Direct Speech into Reported Speech - While changing Direct


Speech into Reported Speech, the following elements change:
A. Reporting verb B. Pronouns C. Tenses D. Time and place
E. Word order with ‘who', F. Modal verbs G. Exclamations H. Commands and
'which' and 'what' Requests

A. CHANGE IN REPORTING VERB


Each type of sentence uses a variety of reporting verbs. The reporting verb used
depends on the words used by the speaker.
Type of Sentence Reporting Verbs Used
Affirmative sentences said, told, asserted, replied, assured, informed, responded,
(statements) whispered, alleged, believed, assumed, thought
Interrogative sentences asked, inquired, wanted to know, enquired
(questions)
Imperative sentences ordered, begged, pleaded, requested, implored, advised,
(order, request, advice) demanded

B. CHANGE IN PRONOUNS
> Pronouns of the First Person change into the person and gender of the Subject of
the Reporting Verb.
For example,
o The girl said, "I am brave and kind." (Direct Speech)
o The girl said that she was brave and kind. (Reported Speech)
> Pronouns of the Second Person change into the person and gender of the Object
of the Reporting Verb.
For example,
o I said to him, "Your brother is a brave fellow." (Direct Speech)
o I told him that his brother was a brave fellow. (Reported Speech)
> Pronouns of the Third Person do not change.
For example,
o I said to her, "She is brave and kind." (Direct Speech)
o I told her that she was brave and kind. (Reported Speech)

Direct Speech Reported Speech Direct Speech Reported Speech


I he, she you he, she, they
me him, her you him, her, them
my his, her your his, her, their
mine his, hers yours his, hers, theirs
we/us they/them
our/ours their/theirs

C. CHANGE IN TENSES
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Simple Present Simple Past
Example: She said, "I am not well." Example: She said that she was not well.
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Example: She said, "My mother is Example: She said that her mother was
writing a letter to the authorities." writing a letter to the authorities.
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Example: He said, "I have done my Example: He said that he had done his
work." work.
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Example: She said, "I have completed Example: She said that she had
the assignment." completed the assignment.
Simple Past Past Perfect
Example: Rama said, "I ate my food." Example: Rama said that she had eaten
her food.
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Example: She said, "We were playing Example: She said that they had been
football." playing football.

Sometimes, the reporting verb may be in the present or future tense. These
include verbs like 'will eat', 'eats, 'will say, say', etc. In such cases, the tense of the
reporting verb will NOT change in reported speech.
For example,
o Rama says, "I am an intelligent girl." (Direct Speech)
o Rama says that she is an intelligent girl. (Reported Speech)

o Rama says, "I will meet my friends later." (Direct Speech)


o Rama says that she will meet her friends later. (Reported Speech)
D. CHANGE IN TIME AND PLACE
Words that indicate time and place in direct speech are often changed in
reported speech.
For example,
o Shyam said, "I saw this web series last week." (Direct Speech)
o Shyam said that he had seen that web series the previous week.
(Reported Speech)

o He said, "I will take my lunch now." (Direct Speech)


o He said that he would take his lunch then. (Reported Speech)

Direct Speech Reported Speech Direct Speech Reported speech


this that today that day
last month the previous month/ yesterday the day before/ the previous
the month before day
here there tomorrow the next day/ the following day
now then next month the next month/ the coming
month/ the following month

E. CHANGES IN CASE OF UNIVERSAL TRUTHS


If the speaker talks about a universal truth, the tense of the verb remains
unchanged.
For example,
o The teacher said, "The Sun rises in the East." (Direct Speech)
o The teacher said that the Sun rises in the East. (Reported Speech)

o His brother said, "The Earth revolves around the Sun." (Direct Speech)
o His brother said that the Earth revolves around the Sun. (Reported
Speech)

F. CHANGES IN CASE OF QUESTIONS


o Reporting verb is changed to a verb like 'asked', inquired', 'questioned',
etc.
o The word order is changed. The reported text is a statement and not a
question.
o In case the question has an interrogative word.
Note: Interrogative words include the word 'how’ and words beginning
with 'wh’.
Here, the same interrogative word is used in reported speech as well.
For example,
o Shama asked, "When will they come?" (Direct Speech)
o Shama asked when they would come. (Reported Speech)
o She said to me, "Where is the station?" (Direct Speech)
o She asked me where the station was. (Reported Speech)
> In case the question does not have an interrogative word.
These typically involve Yes/No questions and questions involving choices.

Here, the reporting verb is followed by if/whether.


• He asked, "Do you want tea or coffee?" (Direct Speech)
He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee. (Reported Speech)
• He said, "Are your feet cold?" (Direct Speech)
He asked whether my feet were cold. (Reported Speech)

G. CHANGES IN CASE OF MODAL VERBS


Modal verbs undergo a change in reported speech.,
- He said, "I can help you with the menu." (Direct Speech)
He said that he could help me with the menu. (Reported Speech)

- She said, "I will read the newspaper tomorrow." (Direct Speech)
She said that she would read the newspaper the next day. (Reported Speech)

Direct Speech Reported Speech Direct Speech Reported Speech


can could shall should
will would may might

H. CHANGES IN CASE OF EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES


• The word 'said' is changed into 'exclaimed'.
• Words and phrases, such as ‘with surprise, with sorrow, with disgust', etc.
are added to reflect the mood of the speaker.
• The reporting verb and reported speech are joined with the word 'that".
• Exclamatory tone is changed into a normal assertive tone.
For example,
→ He said, "Alas! I am undone." (Direct Speech)
He exclaimed sadly that he was undone. (Reported Speech)
→ Manish said, "How clever I am!" (Direct Speech)
Manish exclaimed that he was very clever. (Reported Speech)
→ She said, "Bravo! You have done well." (Direct Speech)
She applauded him saying that he had done well. (Reported Speech)

I. CHANGES IN CASE OF COMMANDS AND REQUESTS


• The word 'said' is changed into words like 'ordered', 'requested',
'commanded', etc.
• The word 'to' is added before the reported speech.
Tone is changed from commanding or requesting into a normal assertive one.
For example,
o Komal said to Rajan. "Go away."(Direct Speech)
Komal ordered Rajan to go away. (Reported Speech)
o He said to her, "Please help me pick the carton." (Direct Speech)
o He requested her to help him pick the carton. (Reported Speech)

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