DYNANMIC CHART

A. BRAINSTORM

The chart shows the number of shops that closed and the number of new shops opening in a
country from 2011 to 2018.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
comparisons where relevant.

I. Analysis
Points of time - Type of chart:____________________________________________________
Types of subjects: ______________________________________________________________
Measurement:_________________________________________________________________

II. Overview
What key features you can see from the chart
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Overall, S + witness/experience + [a/an upward/downward trend…...]/[a/an
increase/decrease]
*Note:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

B. LANGUAGE
I. Verb(s) and Noun(s) to describe trend(s):

Increase Decrease Fluctuate Stabilize

Increase Decrease Stabilize

Rise Fall Fluctuate Level off at
Verb
Go up Go down Oscillate Even out at
Grow Decline Plateau

Increase Decrease
Rise Fall Fluctuation
Noun Stability
Climb Drop Oscillation
Growth Decline

To peak at
Highest
To reach a peak of

To bottom out at
Lowest
To hit a low point/the lowest point of

*Note:
“Level off” and “Stabilize” ALWAYS happen after another trend. For example, “the figure
remained the same before increasing/ the figure remained stable before increasing”
We must not use “Level off” and “Stabilize” like this. For example, “sales levelled
off/stabilized and then fluctuated”. NEVER use “Level off” and “Stabilize” to start you
description

Reach is the same. “Reach” ALWAYS happen after a movement

II. Scale of changes

Adverb

Strong Sharply / Steeply

Drastically

Dramatically

Rapidly

Significantly

Considerably

Substantially

Weak Moderately

Slightly

Mildly

gradually
Minor change(s) in a long period of time
steadily
*Note:
Steadily and Gradually mean the same thing. However, Slightly is different.
Steadily and Gradually is used for changes over a period of time. Slightly means how much
(the scale of changes)

III. Advanced verbs:

Basic phrases (Verb + Adverb) Advanced verbs

Increase dramatically Surge

Rise drastically Soar /rocket
Grow abruptly Jump
Increase twofold Double
Decrease drastically Plummet
Fall steeply Plunge
Decrease by half Halve

*Note:
These verbs do not take adverbs because they already mean big changes
We must not say:
Plummet considerably/sharply/dramatically
Soar considerably/sharply/dramatically
IV. Describe trends in a nutshell:

Periods Verb(s) + Adverb(s)

A-B Dip then increase

B-C Fall / drop + dramatically /

drastically

C-D Level off / even out

D-F Soar

F Peak at

F-H Fluctuate

G Hit a low / bottom out

I-J Rose / increase gradually

J-K Stabilize

L-M Fell gradually / steadily

 V. How to use preposition?

Preposition Usage Example

stand at + số liệu: đứng tại mức (vào

The crime rate stood at 5% in 2000.
1 mốc cố định

stabilize at / even out at / level off at The figure for rice export in Vietnam
+ số liệu: giữ nguyên tại mức remained stable at $15 million in 2015.
at
peak at + số liệu: đạt mức cao nhất là The amount of electricity produced peaked at
bao nhiêu 10,000 units in 2000.

Bottom out at + số liệu: đạt mức thấp The unemployment rate bottomed out at 23%
nhất là bao nhiêu in 2012.

(verb) increase/decrease to số liệu: The number of students increased to 10,000

tăng đến/giảm xuống mức after 2 years.

to
(noun) an increase/ decrease to + số
There was an increase to 10,000 in the
liệu: một sự tăng đến/giảm xuống
number of students after 2 years.
mức

(verb) increase/decrease by + số liệu: The number of students increased by 2,000

by
tăng thêm/ giảm đi bao nhiêu after 2 years.

(noun) an increase/ decrease of + số

There was an increase of 2,000 in the number
liệu: một sự tăng thêm/giảm đi bao
of students after 2 years.
nhiêu

reach a peak/reach the highest point

The amount of electricity produced reached a
of of + số liệu: đạt lên mức cao nhất là
peak of 10,000 units in 2000.
bao nhiêu

hit a low/hit the lowest point of + số

The amount of electricity produced hit the
liệu: chạm mức thấp nhất là bao
lowest point of 5,000 units in 1980.
nhiêu

around/ - fluctuate/a fluctuation around + số - The unemployment rate of Vietnam

between… liệu: biến động trong khoảng -
 fluctuated around 10% from 2007 to 2010.
fluctuate/a fluctuation between…
and… and….: biến động ở mức giữa…. - The unemployment rate of Vietnam
và… fluctuated between 8% and 12% from 2007 to
2010.

C. STRUCTURE
1. With verb(s):
[Subject] + [Verb + Adverb] + [Number] + [Time period]
→ Example: The figure for men who played soccer decreased substantially to 500 in 2020.

2. With noun(s)
Structure 1:
There + be + a/an + [adjective + noun] + [number] + in + [subject] + [time period]
→ Example: There was a significant decrease of 500 in the number of men who played soccer in
2016.

Structure 2:
[Subject]+experienced/saw/witnessed+a/an+[adjective+noun]+[number]+time period
→ Example: The number of DVDs sold in the UK experienced a mild fluctuation around
800.000 in 2007.

Structure 3:
[Place] / [Time period] + experienced/saw/witnessed + a/an + [adjective + noun] + in +
[subject] + [number] + [Time period] / [Place]
→ Example:
The UK witnessed a mild fluctuation in the number of DVDs sold around 800.000 in 2007.
2007 witnessed a mild fluctuation in the number of DVDs sold around 800.000 in the UK.
 Structure 4:
A/an + [adjective + noun] + [number] + was seen + in + [subject] + [time period]
→ Example:
A mild fluctuation around 800.000 was seen in the number of DVDs sold in the UK in 2017.

II. Linking structures:

Usage Example

After declining dramatically from 2001 to 2006, the

Before/After + V-ing, S + V + adv
expenditure on cell phone services steadily increased.
There was a/an + adj2 + N1, followed There was a downward fluctuation in the amount of acid
by + a/an + adj2 + N2 rain, followed by a steady decline.
Starting at 100 students in 2015, the number of university
Starting at + number + year, S + V +
students increased significantly to reach a peak of 400
adv
students in 2016.
The number of households that did not use cars
substantially decreased from 90 to 20 million, hitting the
S + V + adv, V-ing, and then V
lowest point in 2010, but then slightly increased to 15
million during the last year.

III. How to use respectively?

Nghĩa & Cách dùng: từ respectively có nghĩa là lần lượt.
Cách đặt trong câu: Từ respectively thông thường được đặt ở cuối câu ngay sau khi tất cả các đối
tượng và số liệu của chúng đã được liệt kê ra.
 The numbers of Vietnamese cars and motorbike users increased to 15 million and 30
million respectively.
 There were increases to 15 million and 30 million in the numbers of Vietnamese cars and
motorbike users respectively.
IV. Use linking words:

“NGƯỢC LẠI” “TƯƠNG TỰ” “CÙNG LÚC”

CONVERSELY SIMILARLY MEANWHILE

BY CONTRAST LIKEWISE AT THE SAME TIME

V.. Dynamic chart in future years:

Future simple (will + verb bare)
Example: By 2025, car sales will likely decline drastically.
Future perfect (will + have + past participle)
Example:
Students number will have risen sharply by 2030.
It is predicted that by 2030 in China, car production will have increased.

The passive (singular and plural)

 is/are expected to
 is/are set to
 is/are predicted that/to
 is/are anticipated that/to:
 is/are likely to
 is/are forecast to
Example:
Production of new iPhone's is anticipated to increase.
Nuclear power as a source of energy is expected to dip slightly next year before levelling off.
There is expected to be a gradual in crease in car production in China after 2020.
Chú ý: cần nêu rõ khoản thời gian khi mô tả với các năm tương lai, ví dụ như "over the next 5
years, near the end of the period/toward the end of the period/in the next decade/ by 2035"

D. GUIDED PRACTICE
1. Group the information so that we can make comparisons
Will it be easier to make comparisons if we group according to year or subjects

2. Notice key details to group points of time

_ *notice the data and rankings of the subjects at the start of the period (90%)
_ consistent/fluctuating periods
_ highest/lowest points
3. Practice
2011: Starting at + number + year, S1 > S2
______________________________________________________________________________

Divide by subjects:
a. Closures
11-14: fluctuate
______________________________________________________________________________

14-16: fell suddenly to reach a low of, then recovered to

______________________________________________________________________________

16-18: stabilize
______________________________________________________________________________

b. Openings
11-14:
14-15-18 / 14-17-18:

Divide by points of time

a. 11-14:
b. 14-18:
V. FULL PRACTICE
The chart below shows the changes that took place in three different areas of crime in New
Port city center from 2003-2012.