DESIGN OF FOUNDATION page 1/6

Ref. Calculations Output

Project Cadangan bangunan tambahan Sek. Men. Islam Hidayah, Designed by :

Johor Bahru. msy
Checked by:
Location
Date:

FOOTING : D/5

SPECIFICATION
N Ultimate action:
M Axial, N = 1810 kN
Moment, M = 0 kNm
Materials :
Concrete, fck = 25 N/mm2
Reinforcement, fyk = 500 N/mm2
Column size : Unit weight of RC = 25 kN/m3
300 x 450 mm Soil bearing capacity = 100 kN/m2
Assumed fbar = 16 mm Nominal cover, cnom = 35 mm

SIZE
Service actions:
Axial, N = 1810 /1.40
= 1293 kN
Moment, M = 0 /1.40
h
= 0 kNm
Assumed selfweight of footing
10% of service load.
H
Area of footing required,
x
= 1.1N / Bearing capacity
= 1.1 x 1293 / 100
B = 14.2 m2
Try size : B x H x h
4.45 x 4.45 x 0.75 m
x A = 19.80 m2
Max. soil pressure, Ixx = BH3/12 = 32.678 m4
P = (N+W)/A + My/I y = H/2 = 2.225 m
= (371 +1293) / 19.8 Selfweight ,
+ 0 x 2.23 / 32.7 = 25 x 19.8 x 0.75
= 84 kN/m2 = 371 kN
< 100 kN/m2 Size Ok!

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 1

 msy '12

page 2/6

Ref. Calculations Output

ANALYSIS
x

2.075
y
y
Ultimate soil pressure,
P = N/A ± My/I
= (1810 / 19.8 )
x
+ (0 x 2.23 / 32.7)
= 91 ± 0.0
2 2
Pmax = 91 kN/m2
Pmin = 91 kN/m2

91 91 91

Bending moment at column face,

Mxx = (91 x 2.000 2 / 2) + [(91 - 91) 2.000 2 x 2/3]
= 183 kNm/m x 4.45 = 813 kNm

Myy = (91 x 2.075 2 / 2)

= 197 kNm/m x 4.45 = 876 kNm

6.1 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Effective depth,
dx = h-cnom-0.5fbar = 750 - 35 - 0.5x16 = 707 mm
dy = h-cnom-1.5fbar = 750 - 35 - 1.5x16 = 691 mm

Longitudinal bar
Bending Moment, M = 813 kNm
K = M / bd fck
2
2
= 813 x 106 / (4450 x 707 x 25)
= 0.015 < Kbal = 0.167
Compression reinforcement is not required
z = d [ 0.5 + 0.25 - K/1.134) ] = 0.99 d ≤ 0.95d
As = M / 0.87 fyk z

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 2

 = 813 x 106 / (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 707 ) Use: 22 H16
= 2784 mm2 (4424 mm2)

msy '12

page 3/6

Ref. Calculations Output

9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,

As,min = 0.26(fctm/fyk) bd = 0.26 x (2.56 / 500) x bd
= 0.0013 bd = 0.0013 x4450 x 707 = 4196 mm2
As,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04 x 4450 x 750 = 133500 mm2

Transverse bar
Bending Moment, M = 876 kNm
K = M / bd fck
2
2
= 876 x 106 / (4450 x 691 x 25)
= 0.016 < Kbal = 0.167
Compression reinforcement is not required
z = d [ 0.5 + 0.25 - K/1.134) ] = 0.99 d ≤ 0.95d
As = M / 0.87 fyk z
= 876 x 106 / (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 691 ) Use: 22 H16
= 3066 mm 2
(4424 mm2)

9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,

As,min = 0.26(fctm/fyk) bd = 0.26 x (2.56 / 500) x bd
= 0.0013 bd = 0.0013 x4450 x 691 = 4101 mm2
As,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04 x 4450 x 750 = 133500 mm2

SHEAR
(i). Vertical shear : at 1.0d from column face

3.80
Average pressure at
crtical section
= 91+ (3.80/ 4.45) x (0.0)
4.5 m = 91 kN/m2

Vertical shear force

VEd = 91 x 1.29 x 4.5
0.71 1.29 = 526 kN

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 3

 91 91 91

msy '12

page 4/6

Ref. Calculations Output

6.2.2 Design shear resistance,

VRd,c = [ 0.12 k(100r1 fck)1/3 ] bd
k = 1 + (200/d)1/2 ≤< 2.0 = 2.0
1/2
= 1+ (200 / 707) = 1.53 ≤ 2.0
r1 = Asl/bd ≤ 0.02
= 4424 / (4450 x 707) = 0.0063 ≤ 0.02
1/3
VRd,c = 0.12 x 1.53 x (100 x 0.006 x 25) x 4450 x 707
= 1E+06 N = 1446 kN
Vmin = [ 0.035k fck ] bd
3/2 1/2
3/2 1/2
= 0.035 x 1.53 x 25 x 4450 x 707
= 1E+06 N = 1044 kN
So, VRd,c = 1446 kN > VEd = 526 kN Ok !

6.4.3 (ii). Punching shear at perimeter 2.0d from column face

d = (707 + 691) /2 = 699 mm
2d = 1398 mm
Control perimeter,
u = 2(450 + 300)
+ (2 x p x1398)
1398 450 1398 = 10285 mm
4450 300 Area within perimeter
A = (0.45 x 0.30)
+ (2 x 0.45 x 1.398)
+ (2 x 0.30 x 1.398)
2000 + (p x 1.398 2)
4450 = 8.37 m2
Average punching shear force at control perimeter
VEd = 91 [ (4.45 x 4.45) - 8.37 ] = 1045 kN
Punching shear stress,
6.4.3(3) vEd = b (VEd / ud)
where b = 1 + k (MEd/VEd)(u/W1)
k = 0.65 [c1/c2= 450 / 300 = 1.5

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 4

Table 6.1 W1 = (0.5c12) + c1c2 + 4c2d + 16d2 + 2pdc1
2
= (0.50 x 450 ) + (450 x 300)
4( + x 300 x 699) + (16 x 6992)
+ (2p x 699 x 300) =
= 10.21 x 106
= 1 + [ 0.65 x (0 x 106 / 1045 x 103)
x (10285 / 10.21 x106)]
b = 1.00

msy '12

page 5/6

Ref. Calculations Output

vEd = b (V1.00
Ed / ud)
(1045 x 103 / 10285 x 707)
= 0.14 N/mm2
Shear resistance,
vRd,c = 1044 x 103 / (10285 x 699)
= 0.15 N/mm2 > vEd Ok !

(iii). Maximum Punching Shear at column perimeter.

Punching shear force at column perimeter
VEd = 1810 kN
Column perimeter uo = (450 + 300) x 2 = 1500 mm
6.4.3(2) Punching shear stress,
vEd = b (VEd / uod)
where b = 1 + k (MEd/VEd)(uo/W1)
W1 = (0.5c12) + c1c2
2
Table 6.1 = (0.50 x 450 ) + (450 x 300)
= 0.24 x 106
= 1 + [ 0.65 x (0 x 106 / 1810 x 103)
x (1500 / 0.24 x106)]
b = 1.00
vEd 1.00 1810 x 103 / 1500 x 699)
= 1.73 N/mm2
Maximum shear resistance,
VRd,max = 0.5 [ 0.6(1 - fck/250)] fck/1.5
= 0.5 [ 0.6 (1 - 25 / 250)] ( 25/1.5)
= 4.50 N/mm2 > vEd Ok !

CRACKING
7.3.3 h= 750 mm > 200 mm Need spesific measure !
Assume steel stress under quasi permanent loading ,

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 5

 = 0.6 (fyk/1.15)(As.req/As.prov)
= 0.6 (500 / 1.15) (2784 / 4424)
= 164 N/mm2
Table 7.3N For design crack width = 0.3 mm
Max. allowable bar spacing = 250 mm
Max. bar spacing 1 = [ 4450 - 2(43) - 16 ] / 21
= 207 mm < 250 mm Ok !
Max. bar spacing 2 = [ 4450 - 2(43) - 16 ] / 21
= 207 mm < 250 mm Ok !

msy '12

page 6/6

Ref. Calculations Output

DETAILING

02 02
01 50mm blinding

H
01

02

Dimension: BxHxh = 4450 x 4450 x 750 mm

Cover, cnom = 35 mm
Reinforcement: Bar mark 01: 22H 16 @ 208 mm

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 6

 Bar mark 02: 22H 16 @ 208 mm

msy '12

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 7

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Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 9

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Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 12

Example 11.6 : Design of pile cap - Beam theory page 1/4

Ref. Calculations Output

SPECIFICATION
N Axial Load, Nultimate = 4200 kN
N Moment , Multimate = 75 kNm
Chac. Strength of concrete, fck = = 35 N/mm2
M Chac. Strength of steel, fyk = = 500 N/mm2
N
Cover, c = 75 mm fbar = 16 mm
Column size = = 400 x 400 mm
Pile : Precast RC pile 300 x 300 mm
Working load = 600 kN
Safety factor = 1.40

SIZE OF PILE CAP

Service load = (4200 /1.40) = 3000 kN
Assume selfweight of pilecap, say W = 200 kN
No. of pile required = (N + W) / pile capacity
= (3000 + 200) / 600 = 5.3 Use : 6
Pile spacing = kfp = = 3 fp
Width, B = (k + 1) x fp + 300
= (3 + 1) (300)+ 300 = 1500 mm
Length, L = (2k + 1) x fp + 300
= [2( 3) + 1] (300)+ 300 = 2400 mm
Depth, h = 2fp + 400 = 2(300) +400 = 1000 mm
Selfweight = 25(1.5 x 2.4 x 1.0) = 90 kN
av = 610
x 60

300

900 1500
y y

300
Critical shear section
x 2
300 900 900 300 I = 4(0.9)
keratan ricih
2400 = 3.24 m2

Max. service load per pile, F = (N + W)/n + Mx/I

= {(3000 + 90.0) / 6} + 53.6 (0.90) / 3.24
= 530 kN < 600 kN Ok

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 13

 msy '09

Example 11.6 : Design of pile cap - Beam theory page 2/4

Ref. Calculations Output

Analysis
Ultimate load per pile, F = P/n + Mx/I
= (4200 / 6) + 75.0 (0.90) / 3.24
= 700.0 + 20.8
= 721 kN
Maximum moment at column face,
Mxx = 2 { 721 x (0.90 - 0.20 )} = 1009 kNm
Myy = 3 { 700 x (0.45 - 0.20 )} = 525 kNm

6.1 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Effective depth,
dx = h-Cnom-0.5fbar = 1000 - 75 - 0.5x16 = 917 mm
dy = h-Cnom-1.5fbar = 1000 - 75 - 1.5x16 = 901 mm

Longitudinal bar
Bending Moment, M = 1009 kNm
K = M / bd2fck
2
= 1009 x 106 / (1500 x 917 x 35)
= 0.023 < Kbal = 0.167
Compression reinforcement is not required
z = d [ 0.5 + 0.25 - K/1.134) ] = 0.98 d ≤ 0.95d
As = M / 0.87 fyk z
= 1009 x 106 (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 917 ) Use: 14 H16
= 2663 mm /m 2
(2815 mm2)

9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,

As,min = 0.26(fctm/fyk) bd = 0.26 x (3.21 / 500) x bd
= 0.0017 bd = 0.0017 x1500 x 917 =2296 mm2
As,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04 x 1500 x 1000 = 60000 mm2

Transverse bar
Bending Moment, M = 525 kNm
K = M / bd fck
2
2
= 525 x 106 / (2400 x 901 x 35)
= 0.008 < Kbal = 0.167
Compression reinforcement is not required
z = d [ 0.5 + 0.25 - K/1.134) ] = 0.99 d ≤ 0.95d
As = M / 0.87 fyk z
= 525 x 106 (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 901 ) Use: 16 H16

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 14

 = 1410 mm2/m (3217 mm2)

msy '09

Example 11.6 : Design of pile cap - Beam theory page 3/4

Ref. Calculations Output

9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,

As,min = 0.26(fctm/fyk) bd = 0.26 x (3.21 / 500) x bd
= 0.0017 bd = 0.0017 x2400 x 901 =3609 mm2
As,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04 x 2400 x 1000 = 96000 mm2

SHEAR
(i). Vertical shear - at f/5 section inside pile
3.11.4.3 2 pile outside the critical section.
Shear force, VEd = 2 (721) = 1442 kN
Pile spacing < 3fpile
Consider shear enhancement over the whole width of pile cap
Reduced shear force,
VEd = 1442 x (av / 2d)
= 1442 x 610 / (917 x 2) = 480 kN
6.2.2 Design shear resistance,
VRd,c = [ 0.12 k(100r1 fck)1/3 ] bd
k = 1 + (200/d)1/2 ≤< 2.0 = 2.0
= 1+(200 / 917) 1/2
= 1.47 ≤ 2.0
r1 = Asl/bd ≤ 0.02
= 2815 / 1500 x 917 = 0.0031 ≤ 0.02
1/3
VRd,c = 0.12 x 1.47 x (100 x 0.0031 x 35) x 1500 x 917
= 534 x 103 N = 534 kN
Vmin = [ 0.035k fck ] bd
3/2 1/2
3/2 1/2
= 0.035 x 1.47 x 35 x 1500 x 917
= 506 x 10 N3
= 506 kN

So, VRd,c = 534 kN > VEd Ok !

6.4 (ii). Punching Shear : Critical at perimeter 2.0d

from column face.
Pile spacing < 3fpile
No punching shear check is necessary Ok !

(iii). Maximum Punching Shear at column perimeter.

Maximum shear resistance,
VRd,max = 0.5ud [ 0.6(1 - fck/250)] fck/1.5

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 15

 = 0.5(4 x 400) x 909 [ 0.6 (1 - 35 / 250)] ( 35/1.5)
= 8755 kN > VEd,max = = 4200 kN Ok !

msy '09

Example 11.6 : Design of pile cap - Beam theory page 4/4

Ref. Calculations Output

CRACKING
7.3.3 h = 1000 mm > 200 mm Need spesific measure !
Assume steel stress under quasi permanent loading ,
= 0.55 (fyk/1.15)(As.req/As.prov)
= 0.55 (500 / 1.15) (2663 / 2815)
= 226 N/mm2
Table 7.2N For design crack width = 0.3 mm
Max. allowable bar spacing = 200 mm
Max. bar spacing 1 = [ 1500 - 2(75) - 16 ] / 13
= 103 mm < 200 mm Ok !
Max. bar spacing 2 = [ 2400 - 2(75) - 16 ] / 15
= 149 mm < 200 mm Ok !

DETAILING

4H12 Binders

1000

300x300
precast RC pile

300 900 900 300

300
01

02 900

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 16

 02

300

Bar mark: 01 : 14H 16 @ 103 mm

02 : 16H 16 @ 149 mm
Cover : 75 mm

msy '09

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 17

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 18
Example 9.6 : Design of pile cap - Beam theory page 1/4

Ref. Calculations Output

SPECIFICATION
N Axial Load, Nultimate = 4200 kN
N Moment , Multimate = 75 kNm
Chac. Strength of concrete, fck = = 35 N/mm2
M Chac. Strength of steel, fyk = = 500 N/mm2
N
Cover, c = 75 mm fbar = 16 mm
Column size = = 400 x 400 mm
Pile : Precast RC pile 300 x 300 mm
Working load = 600 kN
Safety factor = 1.40

SIZE OF PILE CAP

Service load = (4200 /1.40) = 3000 kN
Assume selfweight of pilecap, say W = 200 kN
No. of pile required = (N + W) / pile capacity
= (3000 + 200) / 600 = 5.3 Use : 6
Pile spacing = kfp = = 3 fp
Width, B = (k + 1) x fp + 300
= (3 + 1) (300)+ 300 = 1500 mm
Length, L = (2k + 1) x fp + 300
= [2( 3) + 1] (300)+ 300 = 2400 mm
Depth, h = 2fp + 400 = 2(300) +400 = 1000 mm
Selfweight = 25(1.5 x 2.4 x 1.0) = 90 kN
av = 610
x 60

300

900 1500
y y

300
Critical shear section
x 2
300 900 900 300 I = 4(0.9)
keratan ricih
2400 = 3.24 m2

Max. service load per pile, F = (N + W)/n + Mx/I

= {(3000 + 90.0) / 6} + 53.6 (0.90) / 3.24
= 530 kN < 600 kN Ok

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 19

 msy '09

Example 9.4 : Design of pile cap - Beam theory page 2/4

Ref. Calculations Output

Analysis
Ultimate load per pile, F = P/n + Mx/I
= (4200 / 6) + 75.0 (0.90) / 3.24
= 700.0 + 20.8
= 721 kN
Maximum moment at column face,
Mxx = 2 { 721 x (0.90 - 0.20 )} = 1009 kNm
Myy = 3 { 700 x (0.45 - 0.20 )} = 525 kNm

6.1 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Effective depth,
dx = h-Cnom-0.5fbar = 1000 - 75 - 0.5x16 = 917 mm
dy = h-Cnom-1.5fbar = 1000 - 75 - 1.5x16 = 901 mm

Longitudinal bar
Bending Moment, M = 1009 kNm
K = M / bd2fck
2
= 1009 x 106 / (1500 x 917 x 35)
= 0.023 < Kbal = 0.167
Compression reinforcement is not required
z = d [ 0.5 + 0.25 - K/1.134) ] = 0.98 d ≤ 0.95d
As = M / 0.87 fyk z
= 1009 x 106 (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 917 ) Use: 14 H16
= 2663 mm /m 2
(2815 mm2)

9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,

As,min = 0.26(fctm/fyk) bd = 0.26 x (3.21 / 500) x bd
= 0.0017 bd = 0.0017 x1500 x 917 =2296 mm2
As,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04 x 1500 x 1000 = 60000 mm2

Transverse bar
Bending Moment, M = 525 kNm
K = M / bd fck
2
2
= 525 x 106 / (2400 x 901 x 35)
= 0.008 < Kbal = 0.167
Compression reinforcement is not required
z = d [ 0.5 + 0.25 - K/1.134) ] = 0.99 d ≤ 0.95d
As = M / 0.87 fyk z
= 525 x 106 (0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 901 ) Use: 16 H16

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 20

 = 1410 mm2/m (3217 mm2)

msy '09

Example 9.4 : Design of pile cap - Beam theory page 3/4

Ref. Calculations Output

9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,

As,min = 0.26(fctm/fyk) bd = 0.26 x (3.21 / 500) x bd
= 0.0017 bd = 0.0017 x2400 x 901 =3609 mm2
As,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04 x 2400 x 1000 = 96000 mm2

SHEAR
(i). Vertical shear - at f/5 section inside pile
3.11.4.3 2 pile outside the critical section.
Shear force, VEd = 2 (721) = 1442 kN
Pile spacing < 3fpile
Consider shear enhancement over the whole width of pile cap
Reduced shear force,
VEd = 1442 x (av / 2d)
= 1442 x 610 / (917 x 2) = 480 kN
6.2.2 Design shear resistance,
VRd,c = [ 0.12 k(100r1 fck)1/3 ] bd
k = 1 + (200/d)1/2 ≤< 2.0 = 2.0
= 1+(200 / 917) 1/2
= 1.47 ≤ 2.0
r1 = Asl/bd ≤ 0.02
= 2815 / 1500 x 917 = 0.0031 ≤ 0.02
1/3
VRd,c = 0.12 x 1.47 x (100 x 0.0031 x 35) x 1500 x 917
= 534 x 103 N = 534 kN
Vmin = [ 0.035k fck ] bd
3/2 1/2
3/2 1/2
= 0.035 x 1.47 x 35 x 1500 x 917
= 506 x 10 N3
= 506 kN

So, VRd,c = 534 kN > VEd Ok !

6.4 (ii). Punching Shear : Critical at perimeter 2.0d

from column face.
Pile spacing < 3fpile
No punching shear check is necessary Ok !

(iii). Maximum Punching Shear at column perimeter.

Maximum shear resistance,
VRd,max = 0.5ud [ 0.6(1 - fck/250)] fck/1.5

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 21

 = 0.5(4 x 400) x 909 [ 0.6 (1 - 35 / 250)] ( 35/1.5)
= 8755 kN > VEd,max = = 4200 kN Ok !

msy '09

Example 9.4 : Design of pile cap - Beam theory page 4/4

Ref. Calculations Output

CRACKING
7.3.3 h = 1000 mm > 200 mm Need spesific measure !
Assume steel stress under quasi permanent loading ,
= 0.55 (fyk/1.15)(As.req/As.prov)
= 0.55 (500 / 1.15) (2663 / 2815)
= 226 N/mm2
Table 7.2N For design crack width = 0.3 mm
Max. allowable bar spacing = 200 mm
Max. bar spacing 1 = [ 1500 - 2(75) - 16 ] / 13
= 103 mm < 200 mm Ok !
Max. bar spacing 2 = [ 2400 - 2(75) - 16 ] / 15
= 149 mm < 200 mm Ok !

DETAILING

4H12 Binders

1000

300x300
precast RC pile

300 900 900 300

300
01

02 900

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 22

 02

300

Bar mark: 01 : 14H 16 @ 103 mm

02 : 16H 16 @ 149 mm
Cover : 75 mm

msy '09

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 23

Prepared by msy 12/17/2024 Page 24