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IX Math-Linear Equations in two variables

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8 views5 pages

IX Math-Linear Equations in two variables

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ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-22

CLASS IX - MATHEMATICS (Notes)


Ch.4 – Linear Equations in Two Variables

Equation:- An equation can be defined as a mathematical statement consisting of an equal symbol


between two algebraic expressions.
Eg:- 2x + 3 = 0, x + y = 10, x + 2y + 7z = 9,
3x2 – 2x = 9, 3ac – ab + a2 = 0, p4 + pq3 + p2q + q = 8, ….. etc.
Degree of a term :- Degree of a term is, sum of the exponents of each variable present in the term.

Eg:- Term 2x1 3x2 a1 b1c1 p2q1 p4 8


Degree 1 2 3 3 4 0

Degree of an equation:- The largest degree, over the degree of each term in an equation is called
degree of an equation.

i) 2x + 3 = 0 Highest degree is ‘1’


↓ ↓
1 0  Degree of 2x + 3 = 0 is ‘1’

ii) x + y = 10 Highest degree is ‘1’


↓ ↓ ↓
1 1 0  Degree of x + y = 10 is ‘1’

iii) 3x2 - 2x = 9 Highest degree is ‘2’


↓ ↓ ↓
2 1 0  Degree of 3x2 – 2x = 9 is ‘2’

iv) 3a1b1c1 – a1b1+a2 = 0 Highest degree is ‘3’


↓ ↓ ↓
3 2 2  Degree of 3abc – ab + a2 = 0 is ‘3’

v) p4 + p1 q3 + p2q1 + q1 = 8 Highest degree is ‘4’


↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
4 4 3 1 0  Degree of p4 + pq3 + p2q + q = 8 is ‘4’
Linear Equation:- An algebraic equation with degree ‘1’ is called linear equation.
Eg:- 2x + 3 = 0, x + y = 10, x + 2y + 7z = 9, …. etc.
Linear equation in one variable:- A linear equation which is expressed in the form of ax+b=0,
where a and b are real numbers and a  0 is called linear equation in one variable.
Eg:- 2x + 3 = 0, 7y – 10 = 0, 6x = 12 etc
Solution of linear equation in one variable.

EC-001-June 2020 Pg.1


Consider 6x = 12  Linear equation one variable
12
 x= =2 has only one solution.
6
 x=2
Graph of linear equation in one variable: -
6x = 12  x = 2

x=2 (or) 6x=12

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

Linear equation in two variables:- An equation in the form of ax + by + c = 0, where a, b, c are


real number and a  0, b  0 is called a linear equation.
In two variables, namely ‘x’ and ‘y’.
Eg:- x + y = 10, x = y etc.
Solution of linear equation in two variables.
Consider the equation Consider the equation
x + y = 10 x=y
If x = 1, then y = 9 If x = -3, then y = -3
1 + y = 10 
 (x, y)=(1, 9) 1 y = 10 − 1   (x, y)=(-3, -3)
 
 = 1 y = 9 

If x = 2, then y = 8 If x = 0, then y = 0
 (x, y) = (2, 8)  (x, y) = (0, 0)
lly (3, 7), (4, 6), (5, 5), (10, 0) If x = 3, then y = 3
(0, 10), (-1, 11), (-2, 12), (-3, 13)… etc.  (x, y) = (3, 3)
lly (2, 2), (4, 4), (10, 10), … etc
As there are two variables in the equation a solution is in the form of ordered pair (x, y)
 A linear equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions.
Graph of a linear equation in two variables:
→ Consider the equation x = y
→ Draw the graph by taking the points which satisfy the equation x = y
A = (-3, -3), B = (0, 0), C = (3, 3)

EC-001-June 2020 Pg.2


 Every point those coordinates satisfy the equation.
x = y lies on the line.
→ From the graph (2, 2), (1, 1), (-1, -1), (-2, -2) also lies on the line. x = y.
 Every point (a, b) on the line x = y gives a solution of the equation.
 An equation of the type y=mx represents a line passes through the origin.
x
Do this::Draw the graph of (i) y = 3x, (ii) y = , (iii) x = -y.
2
→ Consider the equation x + y = 10
→ Draw the graph of x + y = 10 by taking the points A = (10, 0), B = (0, 10) which satisfy the
equation.
 Every point where coordinate satisfy the equation x + y = 10 lies on the line.
→ Every point on the line x + y = 10, gives a solution of the equation.
Do this::Draw the graph of (i) y = 2x + 3 (ii) x + y = 5.

EC-001-June 2020 Pg.3


Equation of x-axis and y-axis:-
Draw the graph of the points.
A(-5, 0), B(-3, 0), C(0, 0), D(1, 0), E(2, 0), F(5, 0)

Equation parallel to x-axis and equation parallel to y-axis.


Draw the graph of the points:
A(-4, 2), B(-1, 2), C(0, 2), D(4, 2)

EC-001-June 2020 Pg.4


Here the line AD is parallel to x-axis when y = 2.
 Equation parallel to x-axis is y = a, a  Q
 Equation parallel to y-axis is x = a, a  Q

EC-001-June 2020 Pg.5

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