Comparative and international education concept, meaning, nature, and scope..

 Concept of comparative education.

Comparative education is an academic and interdisciplinary subject which applies historical,

philisophical and social science theories and methods to classify and explain characteristics of different
national education systems.

 Concept of international education .

International education refers to a dynamic concept that involves a journey or movement of people,
minds, or ideas across political and cultural frontiers. It is facilitated by the globalization phenomenon,
which increasingly erases the constraints of geography on economic, social, and cultural arrangements.

 Meaning:

Comparative education is a research framework that uses the comparative method to explore
similarities and differences in educational systems and practices, including comparing systems across
regions and countries.

International education is about the mobility of students and scholars who go to another part of the
world to study, research, or teach.

 Scope of comparative

THE SCOPE OF COMPARATIVE EDUCATION

There are five perspectives that clarify the scope of comparative education, these are:

• The subject matter and content; this consists of important contents of the educational system such as
structure, aim/goals, curriculum, policies, etc.

• Geographical units of study; encompasses intra, international, and national aspects and their impact
on educational development.

Ideological scope; it's a detailed comparison of different educational systems on the basis of social,
economic, and political ideologies. For example communism, capitalism, free economy, or capitalist
economy, etc.

 Scope of international

The scope of international education is vast and includes opportunities for students to study abroad,
experience different cultures, gain global perspectives, and access diverse academic programs. It also
encompasses international collaborations between educational institutions, research initiatives, and
cultural exchange programs fostering a deeper understanding of the world.

 Purpose :
 Purpose of Comparative Education

☐ Comparative education has four purposes:

To describe educational systems, processes, or outcomes.

■To assist in the development of educational institutions and practices.

■To highlight the relationships between education and society.

■To establish generalized statements about education that are valid in more than one country. (Noah
1985, Joubish 2009)

 Purpose of international education:

International education is a crucial aspect of students' education, providing a platform that transcends
boundaries. It exposes them to different educational systems, teaching methodologies, and academic
disciplines, fostering critical thinking, creativity, and adaptability.

 Nature:

International education encompasses studies of specific areas or regions of the world as well as the in-
depth examination of a single culture or some aspect of that culture, such as its history, language,
literature, religion, political organization, economic system, or current issues.

Comparative education is closely related to, and may overlap with, international education,
international development education, and comparative sociology. There are also efforts to expand and
"decolonize," the field of philosophy of education with a comparative education approach.

2.Differences and similarities between international education and comparative education:

COMPARATIVE EDUCATION

1. Introduction

Comparative education is a vast field of study. It does not only study other countries' educational
systems or confine itself to a single, strict definition because it covers disciplines such as the sociology,
political science, psychology, and anthropology of different countries.

Comparative education is a detailed study of educational systems to determine how people's values and
beliefs affect their educational system and provide a suitable education.

The field is a deep, critical examination of other countries' societal values and educational systems to
evaluate one's system and refresh one's own culture by adopting progressive aspects from elsewhere
based on the comparison.

2. How are comparative education made ?

Comparative education may draw on the experience of countries such as Japan and France, for instance,
to show how a centralized system works, and illustrate the possible advantages and disadvantages of a
more centralized approach to educational certification.

3. Education and Culture

Education plays an important role in national progress and globalization

• Comparative education provides an opportunity to study foreign cultures and their educational
systems
• Comparative education allows you to examine and appraise your own culture and educational system

• Analyze home cultures/systems and compare with others

4. Economic and historical contexts for comparison:

ECONOMIC FACTORS

• Economic factors of comparative education refer to the financial resources and economic conditions
that influence educational systems in different regions or countries. These factors can include things like
government spending on education, the availability of private funding, the level of economic
development, and the distribution of wealth and income.

we employ historical method not only to know the past in order do to understand the present better,
but so that we may improve the future by hinting at those factors which may be more useful.

5. Gender in comparative education

A focus on gender in comparative education can take many different focuses from how gender is
defined, to equity in educational practices between genders, access to education, the effect of
education for women on politics and economy, and violence against women in the educational system.

6. Education and the developing world

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 INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION

1.Understanding international education

Education is the key to uniting nation, bringing human being closely together.

It is important to recognize the crucial role of education.

Education is the key tool in combating poverty, in promoting peace, social justice, human righty,
democracy, cultural diversity and environmental awareness.

Education for peace implies an active concept of peace

through values life skills and knowledge.

2.Internationalization of higher education

Internationalization of higher education in theory is "the process of integrating an international,

intercultural, or global dimension into the purpose, functions or delivery of postsecondary education."
Internationalization of higher education in practice is "the process of commercializing research and
postsecondary .

3.International school
 A school that is independent of any national system of education and offers a curriculum that is
different from that in the host country. The curriculum focuses on international education, while
responding to requirements of the host country's Ministry of Education.

4.Gobal citizenship education

Global Citizenship Education deals with issues of global interdependence, diversity of identities and
cultures, sustainable development, peace and conflict and inequities of power, resources and respect.

GCE has four key elements: knowledge, skills, values and attitudes, and action.

5.Globalisation and education

People around the world are more connected with each other. There is need of Understanding of
interaction of human society and environment all the more.

Education in global society has greater responsibility of Shaping preferred futures of the students.

Liberalisation and privatisation has changed the education scenario of today.

Exploration of change, interdependence, identity and diversity, rights and responsibilities, peace
building, poverty and wealth, sustainability and global justice keys areas where education has to
play vital role.

Developing skills of cooperation, shared responsibility, critical thinking, communication

Positive and responsible values and attitudes and orientation to active participation.

6.multicultural school education

• Multicultural Education describes a system of instruction that attempts to foster cultural pluralism
and acknowledges the differences between races and cultures. It addresses the educational needs of
a society that contains more than one set of traditions, that is a mixture of many cultures.

• Multicultural education is an educational philosophy that focuses on celebrating cultural

differences while also recognizing the importance of challenging all forms of discrimination based on
race, gender, age, religion, ability or sexual orientation.