GRADE XII GRADE XII

THE INDIAN PUBLIC SCHOOL, ERODE O2 gas has higher KH because higher KH value, lower the solubility of
CHEMISTRY gas in liquid ( ½ )
SOLUTIONS
2. Gas (A) is more soluble in water than Gas (B) at the same
Date of Issue : Date of Submission:
Name of the student: Section : temperature. Which one of the two gases will have higher value of KH
General instructions : and Why? (1)
• Answer all the questions
Gas B,Higher the value of KH lower is the solubility of gas/p=KH X
1.2Expressing Concentration of Solutions
3. Give reasons for the following :
1. Differentiate between molality and molarity of a solution. What is the
(a) Aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water than
effect of change in temperature of a solution on its molality and
warmwater.
molarity?
As solubility of gases decreases with increase of temperature, less
Molality Molarity
oxygen is available in summer in the lakes / as cold water contains
Number of moles of solute Number of moles of solute
more oxygen dissolved.(or) Because oxygen is more soluble in
dissolved in per kilogram of dissolved in per litre of the
cold water or at low temperature. (Ajmer 2014-2015)
the solvent solution
(b) At higher altitudes people suffer from anoxia resulting in
Independent on temperature Depend on temperature
inability to think.
Due to the lower partial pressure of oxygen / Due to low
2. Define the following terms :Mole fraction
concentrations of oxygen in the blood.
Mole fraction of the component is the ratio of number moles of the
4. State Henry’s law and write its two applications. (2)
component to the total number of moles of all the component in
Henry’s law states that the mole fraction of gas in the solution is
solution
proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the solution.
1.3 Solubility
Applications: solubility of CO2 gas in soft drinks /solubility of air
Solubility of Gas in a Liquid (Henry’s Law)
diluted with helium in blood used by sea divers or any other
1. At the same temperature, CO2 gas is more soluble in water than O2
(OR)
gas. Which one of them will have higher value of KH and why ?
1
As KH ∝ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 of gas ( ½ )
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Henry’s law states that “the partial pressure of the gas in vapour
phase (p) is proportional to the mole fraction of the gas (x) in the
solution”
✓ To increase the solubility of CO2 in soft drinks
✓ At high altitudes the partial pressure of oxygen is less than that
at the ground level. This leads to low concentrations of oxygen
in the blood and tissues of people living at high altitudes or 1.4 Vapour Pressure of Liquid Solutions
climbers. Raoult’s Law
✓ Scuba divers must cope with high concentrations of dissolved 1. State Raoult’s law for a solution containing non-volatile solute. What
gases while breathing air at high pressure underwater. type of deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by a solution of
Increased pressure increases the solubility of atmospheric chloroform and acetone and why ? (2)
gases in blood. (Any two) The relative lowering of vapour pressure of a solution is equal to the
mole fraction of the solute. / The vapour pressure of a solution of a
5. What is the effect of temperature on solubility of gases in liquid ?(1) non- volatile solute is equal to the vapour pressure of the pure solvent
Solubility of gas in liquid decreases with increase in temperature. at that temperature multiplied by its mole fraction. (1)
6. Why do gases always tend to be less soluble in liquids as the Negative deviation due to formation of Hydrogen bond between
temperature is raised? chloroform and acetone. (½+½)
With increase in temperature KH value increases but solubility of gas 2. State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components.
in liquid decreases. / KH α 1/solubility Write two characteristics of the solution which obeys Raoult’s law at
7. Why is air diluted with helium in the tanks used by scuba divers ? all concentrations. What is the similarity between Raoult’s law and
To prevent bends Henry’s law ?
8. Calculate the solubility of CO2 in water at 298K under 760 mm Hg. For a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour pressure of each
6
(KH for CO2 in water at 298 K is 1.25 x 10 mm Hg) component of the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction
present in solution. (1)

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(i)Δmix H = 0 (ii) ΔmixV = 0 (iii) The components have nearly same 1.5 Ideal and Non-ideal Solutions
intermolecular force of attraction (any two) ( ½ + ½ ) 1. Define Azeotrope. What type of azeotrope is formed by negative type
If we compare the equations for Raoult’s law and Henry’s law, it can deviation from Raoult's law? Give an example (2)
be seen that the partial pressure of the volatile component or gas is Azeotropes are binary mixtures having the same composition in the
directly proportional to its mole fraction in solution.(1) liquid and vapour phase and boil at a constant temperature. / is a
3. The vapour pressure of pure liquid X and pure liquid Y at 25 ºC are liquid mixture which distills at constant temperature without
120 mm Hg and 160 mm Hg respectively. If equal moles of X and Y undergoing change in composition
are mixed to form an ideal solution, calculate the vapour pressure of Maximum boiling azeotropes
the solution. (2) eg: HNO3 (68%) and H2O(32%) (or any other correct example)
2. Define the following terms: Ideal Solution
The solution that obeys Raoults Law over the entire range of
concentration
3. Give reasons :
4. The vapour pressures of A and B at 25ºC are 75 mm Hg and 25 mm (a) A decrease in temperature is observed on mixing ethanol and
Hg, respectively. If A and B are mixed such that the mole fraction of acetone.
A in the mixture is 0·4, then calculate the mole fraction of B in Ethanol-acetone interaction is weaker than pure ethanol or
vapour phase. (2) acetone interactions.
(b)An increase in temperature is observed on mixing chloroform and
acetone.
Chloroform-acetone interaction is stronger than pure chloroform
or acetone interactions.
4. In non-ideal solution, what type of deviation shows the formation of
maximum boiling azeotrope?
Negative deviations from Raoult’s law

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5. In non-ideal solution, what type of deviation shows the formation of When vapour pressure of solution is higher than that predicted by
minimum boiling azeotropes? Raoult’s law / the intermolecular attractive forces between the solute-
Positive deviations from Raoult’s law solvent/(A-B) molecules are weaker than those between the solute-
6. On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, the volume of the resulting solution solute and solvent-solvent molecules/A-A or B-B molecules. Eg.
increases. What type of deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by the ethanol-acetone/ethanol-cyclohexane/CS2-acetone or any other
resulting solution ? What change in temperature would you observe correct example ΔmixH is positive
after mixing liquids X and Y ? 11. What type of azeotrope is formed by positive deviation from Raoult’s
Positive deviation. Lowering of temperature or absorption of heat law ? Give an example.
(Bhubaneswar 2014-2015) Minimum boiling azeotrope
7. On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, volume of the resulting solution eg - ethanol + water or any other example
decreases. What type of deviation from Raoult's law is shown by the 12. What type of azeotropic mixture will be formed by a solution of
resulting solution ? What change in temperature would you observe acetone and chloroform ? Justify on the basis of strength of
after mixing liquids X and Y ? (2) intermolecular interactions that develop in the solution. (2)
Negative deviation. Increasing of temperature or release of heat Negative deviation due to formation of Hydrogen bond between
(Allahabad and Dehradun 2014-2015) chloroform and acetone. Solute – Sovlent interaction is more than
8. What happens when acetone is added to pure ethanol ? Solute-solute interaction and Solvent-Solvent interaction
9. What is meant by negative deviation from Raoult’s law ? Give an 13. What type of deviation is shown by ethanol and acetone mixture ?
example. What is the sign of ΔmixH for negative deviation ? Give reason. What type of azeotropic mixture is formed by that
When solute- solvent interaction is stronger than pure solvent or deviation ? (2)
solute interaction. Positive deviation.Because ethanol – acetone interaction is weaker
Eg: chloroform and acetone (or any other correct eg) than pure ethanol and pure acetone molecular interactions.
ΔmixH= negative Minimum boiling azeotropes
10. What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult’s law ? Give an 14. Write two characteristics of
example. What is the sign of ΔmixH for positive deviation ? (a) Ideal solution

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∆mixH = 0(ii) ∆mixV = 0 (iii) The components have nearly same 1. Define colligative property. Which colligative property is preferred
intermolecular force of attraction (any two) for the molar mass determination of macromolecules ?
(b) non-ideal solution. Properties that are independent of nature of solute and depend on
(i) ∆mixH≠ 0(ii) ∆mixV≠ 0 (iii) The components have different number of moles of solute only. Osmotic pressure
intermolecular force of attraction (any two) Properties that depend on the number of solute particles irrespective
15. Write two difference between a solution showing positive deviation of their nature relative to the total number of particles present in the
and a solution showing negative deviation from Raoult’s law. (2) solution.
Osmotic Pressure
Relative Lowering in Vapour Pressure
1. Derive the relationship between relative lowering of vapour pressure
and molar mass of the solute. (2)
16. Write two differences between an ideal solution and a non-ideal
solution. (2)

(Chennai 2014-2015)
2. 30 g of urea (M = 60 g mol– 1) is dissolved in 846 g of water.
Calculate the vapour pressure of water for this solution if vapour
pressure of pure water at 298 K is 23·8 mm Hg. (3)

1.6 Colligative Properties and

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5. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of non-volatile solute in 200

g of water. It has a vapour pressure of 31 84 mm Hg at 308 K.
3. A non-volatile solute ‘X’ (molar mass = 50 g mol–1) when dissolved Calculate the molar mass of the solute.(Vapour pressure of pure water
in 78g of benzene reduced its vapour pressure to 90%. Calculate the at 308 K = 32 mm Hg) (2)
mass of X dissolved in the solution.

(Allahabad and Dehradun 2014-2015)

6. A solution is prepared by dissolving 5 g of a non-volatile solute in

200 g of water. It has a vapour pressure of 31.84 mm Hg at 300 K.
Calculate the molar mass of the solute. (Vapour pressure of pure
water at 300 K = 32 mm Hg) (3)

4. A solution containing 2 g of glucose (M = 180 g mol– 1) in 100 g of

water is prepared at 303 K. If the vapour pressure of pure water at
303K is 32.8 mm Hg, what would be the vapour pressure of the
solution?

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7. A solution is prepared by dissolving 5 g of non-volatile solute in 95 g
of water. It has a vapour pressure of 23.375 mm Hg at 25ºC. Calculate
the molar mass of the solute. (Vapour pressure of pure water at 25ºC
is 23.75 mm Hg) (3) 2. Draw the graph between vapour pressure and temperature and
explain the elevation in boiling point of a solvent in solution.

(Bhubaneswar 2014-2015)
8. Vapour pressure of water at 20ºC is 17.5 mm Hg. Calculate the
vapour pressure of water at 20ºC when 15 g of glucose (molar mass
When a solute is added to a solvent, the vapour pressure of the
–1
= 180 g mol ) is dissolved in 150 g of water. (3)
solvent decreases and it becomes equal to atmospheric pressure at
a higher temperature
3. Give reasons :
(a) Cooking is faster in pressure cooker than in cooking pan.
Due to increase of pressure in cooker, boiling point of water
increases.

Elevation of Boiling Point 4. Identify which liquid will have a higher vapour pressure at 90ºC if

1. Define molal depression constant. How is it related to enthalpy of the boiling points of two liquids A and B are 140ºC and 180ºC,

fusion ? (2) respectively. (1)

Molal depression constant is the depression in freezing point Liquid A

observed in 1 molal solution./ The depression in freezing point when 5. Out of 1 M glucose and 2 M glucose, which one has a higher boiling

one mole of non-volatile solute is dissolved in 1 kg or 1000g of point and why ?

solvent. 2M glucose, More number of particles/ less vapourpressure

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6. What is meant by elevation in boiling point ? Why is it a colligative point of 68.04 °C. The boiling point of pure chloroform is 61.04 °C
property ? (2) and Kb for chloroform is 3.63 °C kg mol– 1. (2)
The increase in boiling point of the solvent in a solution when a
non-volatile solute is added.
Because it depends upon molality / the number of solute particles
rather than their nature/ΔTb α m
7. Why does a solution containing non-volatile solute have higher
boiling point than the pure solvent ? Why is elevation of boiling
point a colligative property ? (2)
Because on addition of a non- volatile solute, vapour pressure of
solution lowers down and therefore in order to boil solution, 10. When 1.5 g of a non-volatile solute was dissolved in 90 g of
temperature has to be increased, thus boiling point gets higher benzene, the boiling point of benzene raised from 353.23 K to
Because it depends on molality/ number of solute particles / ΔTb∝m 353.93 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. (Kb for benzene =
8. Boiling point of water at 750 mm Hg pressure is 99.68 °C. How 2.52 K kg mol–1) (3)
–1
much sucrose (Molar mass= 342 g mol ) is to be added to 500 g of
water such that it boils at 100 °C?
(Kb for water = 0.52 Kkg mol– 1). (3)

(Chennai 2014-
2015)

Depression of Freezing Point

9. Calculate the molar mass of a compound when 6.3 g of it is 1. Give reasons for the following :
dissolved in 27 g of chloroform to form a solution that has a boiling Sprinkling of salt helps in clearing the snow-covered roads in hilly
areas.
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Sprinkling of salt causes depression in freezing point and snow freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K. Given : (Molar mass of
easily melts. sucrose = 342 g mol– 1) (Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol– 1)
2. What do you understand by depression of freezing point ? Derive
the relationship between depression of freezing point and molar
mass of the solute. (2)

5. A 4% solution(w/w) of sucrose (M = 342 g mol–1) in water has a

freezing point of 271.15 K. Calculate the freezing point of 5%
(Guwahati 2014-2015) glucose (M = 180 g mol–1) in water. (Given : Freezing point of pure
3. 18 g of a non-volatile solute is dissolved in 200 g of H2O freezes at water = 273.15 K) (3)
272.07 K. Calculate the molecular mass of solute (Kf for water=
1.86 K kg mol– 1) (2)

4. A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has a freezing point of

269.15K. Calculate the freezing point of 10% glucose in water if the

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6. A solution containing 60g of a non-volatile solute in 250g of water
freezes at 270.67 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. (Kf of
water = 1.86Kkg mol – 1 ) (2)

9. Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 60 g of

glucose(Molar mass = 180 g mol–1) in 250 g of water.(Kf of water =
1·86 K kg mol–1) (2)

7. A solution of glucose (Molar mass = 180 g mol–1) in water has a

boiling point of 100·20ºC. Calculate the freezing point of the same
solution. Molal constants for water Kf and Kb are 1·86 K kg mol–1
and 0·512 K kg mol–1 respectively. (3)

10. Calculate the freezing point of the solution when 31 g of ethylene

glycol (C2H6O2) is dissolved in 500 g of water. (Kf for water = 1.86
K kg mol–1) (3)

8. An antifreeze solution is prepared by dissolving 31 g of ethylene

glycol(Molar mass = 62 g mol–1) in 600 g of water. Calculate the
freezing point of the solution. (Kf for water = 1·86 K kg mol–1) (3)

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11. Calculate the mass of ascorbic acid (Molar mass = 176 g mol–1) to
be dissolved in 75 g of acetic acid, to lower its freezing point by
1·5ºC. (Kf = 3·9 K kg mol–1) (3)

14. When 2.56 g of sulphur was dissolved in 100 g of CS2, the freezing
12. Ishan's automobile radiator is filled with 1.0 kg of water. How many point lowered by 0.383 K. Calculate the formula of sulphur (Sx). (Kf
grams of ethylene glycol (Molar mass= 62 g mol– 1) must Ishan add for CS2 = 3.83 K kg mol–1, Atomic mass of Sulphur = 32 g mol–1)
to get the freezing point of the solution lowered to – 2.8 °C. Kf for
water is 1.86 K kgmol– 1.

(Delhi 2015-2016)
15. When 25.6g of Sulphur was dissolved in 1000g of benzene, the

13. Visha took two aqueous solutions — one containing 7·5 g of urea freezing point lowered by 0.512 K. Calculate the formula of Sulphur

(Molar mass = 60 g/mol) and the other containing 42·75 g of (Sx).(Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol–1, Atomic mass of Sulphur =

substance Z in 100 g of water, respectively. It was observed that 32g mol–1)

both the solutions froze at the same temperature. Calculate the molar
mass of Z. (2)

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Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure Due to osmosis bacteria loses its water and dies which causes
1. Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. What preservation.
happens if we place blood cells in a solution containing 4. How can the direction of osmosis be reversed? Write one use of
(i) 1.2% sodium chloride solution ? reverse osmosis.
(ii) 0.4% sodium chloride solution By applying an external pressure greater than the osmotic pressure
(i) Shrinks (ii) Swells on the solution or P > π
2. Define reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis is used in desalination of hard water / sea water.
If a pressure larger than the osmotic pressure is applied to the (Bhubaneswar 2014-2015)
solution side, resulting in the movement of solvent particles from 5. How does the size of blood cells change when placed in an aqueous
solution to solvent through the semipermeable membrane. solution containing more than 0·9% (mass/volume) sodium
3. Give reasons for the following : chloride?
(a) Measurement of osmotic pressure method is preferred for the Blood Cells shrink
determination of molar masses of macromolecules such as proteins 6. What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than
and polymers. the osmotic pressure of solution ?
As compared to other colligative properties, its magnitude is large Reverse Osmosis
even for very dilute solutions / macromolecules are generally not 7. What happens when we place the blood cell in saline water solution
stable at higher temperatures and polymers have poor solubility / (hypertonic solution) ? Give reason.
pressure measurement is around the room temperature and the They will shrink , due to osmosis.
molarity of the solution is used instead of molality. 8. What happens when we place the blood cell in water (hypotonic
(b) Red Blood Cells (RBC) shrink when placed in saline water but solution) ? Give reason.
swell in distilled water. Blood cell will swell. Due to osmosis. Water enter in to the
RBC looses water in saline water and absorb water in distilled cell.(Allahabad and Dehradun 2014-2015)
water due to osmosis.(Or any other correct reason) 9. What happens when a pressure greater than osmotic pressure is
(c) Meat is preserved for a longer time by salting. applied on the solution side separated from solvent by a
semipermeable membrane ?
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Reverse osmosis occurs. 14. A 6% solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol ) is isotonic
10. Why are equimolar solutions of sodium chloride and glucose not with 2.5%solution of an unknown organic substance. Calculate the
isotonic ? molecular weight of the unknown organic substance. (2)
Because sodium chloride undergoes dissociation (i=2)in water while
glucose does not.π= i C R T ; For NaCl , i=2 and for glucose i=1
11. Write the colligative property which is used to find the molecular
mass of macromolecules.
Osmotic pressure
12. A 3% solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol – 1 ) is isotonic
with 2.5% solution of an unknown organic substance. Calculate the
molecular weight of the unknown organic substance. (2)

15. At 300 K, 30 g of glucose present in a litre of its solution has an

osmotic pressure of 4·98 bar. If the osmotic pressure of a glucose
solution is 1·52 bar at the same temperature, what would be its
concentration ? (3)
–1
13. A 4% solution of urea (molar mass = 60 g mol ) is isotonic with
5.2% solution of an unknown organic substance. Calculate the
molecular weight of the unknown organic substance. (2)

16. For a 5% solution of urea (Molar mass = 60 g/mol), calculate the

osmotic pressure at 300 K. [R = 0·0821 L atm K–1 mol–1] (2)
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(b) Associated
4. Predict the state of the solute in the solution in the following
situations : (2)
(a) When ‘i’ is found to be 0·3. (b) When ‘i’ is found to be 4.
(a) Associated
1.7Abnormal Molar Masses (b) Dissociated
van’t Hoff and Abnormal Molar Mass 5. Predict whether van’t Hoff factor, (i) is less than one or greater than
1. Define the following terms : one in the following :
(i)Abnormal molar mass (i) CH3COOH dissolved in water (ii) CH3COOH dissolved in benzene
Abnormal molar mass: If the molar mass calculated by using any of (i) i>1/ greater than one (ii) i<1/lesser than one
the colligative properties to be different than theoretically expected 6. Predict whether Van't Hoff factor will be less or greater than one,
molar mass. when Ethanoic acid is dissolved in benzene.
(ii)van’t Hoff factor (i) Van't Hoff factor will be less than one.
Extent of dissociation or association or ratio of the observed 7. Why is the value of Van’t Hoff factor for ethanoic acid in benzene
colligative property to calculated colligative property close to 0.5 ?
2. Predict the state of the solute in the following situations : (1x2=2) Ethanoic acid molecules associate to form dimer so the number of
(a) Experimentally determined molar mass is more than the true particles are nearly reduced to half.
value. van’t Hoff and Relative Lowering in Vapour Pressure
(b) ‘i’ value is 0·4. 1. The vapour pressure of a solvent at 283 K is 100 mm Hg. Calculate
(a) Associated the vapour pressure of a dilute solution containing 1 mole of a strong
(b) Associated electrolyte AB in 50 moles of the solvent at 283 K (assuming
3. Predict the state of the solute in the solution in the following complete dissociation of solute AB). (3)
situations : (a) When ‘i’ is found to be more than one. (b) When ‘i’ is
found to be less than one. (2)
(a) Dissociated
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Dissociation of NaCl/more number of particles in NaCl solution /
Value of ‘i' for NaCl is greater than that of glucose.
4. 1 molal aqueous solution of an electrolyte A2B3 is 60% ionized.
Calculate the boiling point of the solution. (Given : Kb for H2O = 0·52
K kg mol– 1)

van’t Hoff and Elevation in Boiling Point

1. Give reasons :
(i) 0·1 M KCl has higher boiling point than 0·1 M Glucose.
Due to dissociation of KCl / number of particles in 0.1 M KCl is
more. 5. Calculate the boiling point elevation for a solution prepared by adding
(ii) Elevation of boiling point of 1 M KCl solution is nearly double 10g of MgCl2 to 200g of water assuming MgCl2 is completely
than that of 1 M sugar solution. dissociated. (Kb for Water = 0.512 K kg mol–1, Molar mass MgCl2 =
KCl being strong electrolyte dissociates into two moles of ions but 95g mol–1)
sugar will not dissociate/ for KCl, i= 2 and for sugar, i=1.
2. Out of 0·1 molal aqueous solution of glucose and 0·1 molal aqueous
solution of KCl, which one will have higher boiling point and why ?
0.1 molal KCl ; Because KCl undergoes dissociation whereas glucose
does not.
3. Why is boiling point of 1M NaCl solution more than that of 1M
6. Calculate the boiling point of solution when 2g of Na2SO4(M=
glucose solution ?
142g/mol) was dissolved in 50g of water, assuming Na2SO4
undergoes complete ionization. (Kb for water = 0.52Kkgmol – 1) (3)
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7. Calculate the boiling point of solution when 4g of MgSO4(M=

120g/mol) was dissolved in 100g of water, assuming MgSO4
undergoes complete ionization. (Kb for water = 0.52Kkgmol – 1) (3)
3. 2 g of benzoic (C6H5COOH) dissolved in 25 g of benzene shows a
depression in freezing point equal to 1·62 K. Molal depression
constant for benzene is 4·9K kg mol–1. What is the percentage
association of acid if it forms dimer in solution ? (3)

(Central 2015 -2016)

van’t Hoff and Depression in Freezing Point
1. Give reasons :
Potassium chloride solution freezes at a lower temperature than water.
4. 3.9 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 49 g of benzene shows a depression
On adding KCl, vapour pressure of the solution decreases
in freezing point of 1.62 K. Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and
2. 0.3 g of acetic acid (M = 60 g mol – 1 ) dissolved in 30 g of benzene
predict the nature of solute (associated or dissociated). (Given :Molar
shows a depression in freezing point equal to 0.45ºC. Calculate the
mass of benzoic acid=122 g mol–1, Kf for benzene=4.9 K kg mol–1)(3)
percentage association of acid if it forms a dimer in the solution.
(Given : Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol– 1) (3)

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7. Calculate the freezing point of solution when 1.9 g of MgCl2(M=95 g
mol–1) was dissolved in 50 g of water, assuming MgCl2 undergoes
complete ionization.(Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol–1)

5. A 0.01 m aqueous solution of AlCl3 freezes at – 0.068 ºC. Calculate

the percentage of dissociation.
[Given : Kf for Water = 1.86 K kg mol–1] (3)
8. Calculate the freezing point of solution when 2 g of Na2SO4(M = 142
g mol–1) was dissolved in 50 g of water, assuming Na2SO4 undergoes
complete ionization. (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol–1)

6. Calculate the amount of CaCl2 (molar mass = 111 g mol – 1) which

must be added to 500 g of water to lower its freezing point by 2 K,
assuming CaCl2 is completely dissociated. (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg (Foreign 2015 – 2016)

mol – 1) (3) 9. Calculate the freezing point of solution when 3g of CaCl2 (molar
mass = 111 g mol-1) was dissolved in 100 g of water , assuming
CaCl2 undergoes complete ionization.
(Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1) (3)

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–1
(Kf for water = 1·86 K kg mol ) (3)

12. The freezing point of a solution containing 5g of benzoic acid (M =

(Eastern 2015 – 2016)
122 g mol–1) in 35g of benzene is depressed by 2.94 K. What is the
10. Calculate the mass of CaC12 (molar mass = 111 g mol– 1) to be
percentage association of benzoic acid if it forms a dimer in solution
dissolved in 500g of water to lower its freezing point by 2K,
?(Kf for benzene = 4.9 K kg mol–1) (3)
assuming that CaC12 undergoes complete dissociation. (Kf for
water= 1.86 K kg mol– 1)

11. Calculate the mass of NaCl (molar mass = 58·5 g mol– 1) to be

dissolved in 37·2 g of water to lower the freezing point by 2ºC, 13. When 19·5 g of F – CH2 – COOH (Molar mass = 78 g mol–1) is
assuming that NaCl undergoes complete dissociation. dissolved in 500 g of water, the depression in freezing point is
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–1 –1
observed to be 1ºC. Calculate the degree of dissociation of F – CH2– (R = 0·0821 Latm K mol ) (3)
COOH. [Given : Kf for water = 1·86 K kg mol–1] (3)

van’t Hoff and Osmotic Pressure

1. IA solution containing 1·9 g per 100 mL of KCl (M = 74·5 g mol–1) is 3. A solution contains 5·85 g NaCl (Molar mass = 58·5 g mol–1) per litre
isotonic with a solution containing 3 g per 100 mL of urea(M = 60 g of solution. It has an osmotic pressure of 4·75 atm at 27ºC. Calculate
mol–1). Calculate the degree of dissociation of KCl solution. Assume the degree of dissociation of NaCl in this solution. (Given : R = 0·082
that both the solutions have same temperature. (3) L atm K–1 mol–1) (3)

4. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving

25 mg of K2SO4 in 2 litres of water at 25°C assuming it to be
completely dissociated. (Atomic masses K = 39 u, S = 32 u,O = 16 u)

2. A solution 0·1 M of Na2SO4 is dissolved to the extent of 95%. What

would be its osmotic pressure at 27°C ?
Class XII/Chemistry /Solutions/2024
 GRADE XII GRADE XII
5. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving
2.32 x 10–2g of K2SO4 in 2L of solution at 25ºC, assuming that K2SO4
is completely dissociated.(R = 0.082 L atm K–1 mol–1, Molar mass
K2SO4 = 174g mol–1)

6. If benzoic acid (M = 122 g mol – 1) is associated into a dimer when

dissolved in benzene and the osmotic pressure of a solution of 6.1 g
of benzoic acid in 100 mL benzene is 6.5 atm at 27ºC, then what is
the percentage association of benzoic acid ? (3)(Given : R = 0 0821 L
atm K– 1mol– 1)

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Class XII/Chemistry /Solutions/2024