Beaconhouse School System

(Cantt Campus, Lahore)

Name: …………………………………….___ Class Test: Chemical Bonding Class/Section:……..………..

Date :____/___/__ Total Marks: 43 Time Allowed: 40Min

PART I

1. Diamond and graphite are two different forms of the element carbon. They each have different
uses. Which row is correct?

2. Which diagram shows the outer electron arrangement in calcium fluoride?

3. Two statements about metals are given.
1 Metals contain a lattice of negative ions in a ‘sea of electrons’.
2 The electrical conductivity of metals is related to the mobility of the electrons in the structure.
Which is correct?
A Both statements are correct and statement 1 explains statement 2.
B Both statements are correct but statement 1 does not explain statement 2.
C Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
D Statement 2 is correct and statement 1 is incorrect.

4. An element with a high melting point forms an oxide that is gaseous at room temperature.
Which type of structure or bonding is present in the element?
A giant covalent
B ionic
C metallic
D simple molecular

5. Which statement explains why aluminium is malleable?

A Aluminium has layers of cations that can slide over one another.
B Aluminium has layers of electrons that can slide over one another.
C Aluminium has weak bonds between protons and a ‘sea of electrons’.
D Aluminium is covered with a layer of unreactive aluminium oxide.

6. Magnesium oxide has a high melting point. It is used to line the inside of furnaces that operate at
high temperatures.
Why does magnesium oxide have a high melting point?
A It has metallic bonds.
B It has strong forces between its molecules.
C It is a simple molecular substance.
D It is an ionic compound.

7. What is the dot-and-cross diagram for NCl 3?

8. Element X has the electronic structure 2,8,5. Element Y has the electronic structure 2,8,7.

What is the likely formula of a compound containing only X and Y?

A XY3 B X2Y3 C X3Y D X3Y2

9. Pentane, C5H12, has a higher boiling point than propane, C3H8. Which statement explains the

difference in boiling point?

A Carbon-carbon single bonds are stronger than carbon-hydrogen bonds.

B Pentane has more covalent bonds to break.
C Pentane does not burn as easily as propane.
D The forces of attraction between pentane molecules are stronger than those between propane

10 Which substance conducts an electric current but remains chemically unchanged?

A aluminium B aqueous sodium chloride C molten lead(II) bromide D pure ethanoic acid
11 Below are two statements about metals.

1 Metals contain a lattice of negative ions in a ‘sea of electrons’.

(ii) The electrical conductivity of metals is related to the mobility of the electrons in the structure.

Which is correct?
A Both statements are correct and statement 1 explains statement 2.
 B Both statements are correct but statement 1 does not explain statement 2.

C Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.

D Statement 2 is correct and statement 1 is incorrect.

12 The structure of metals consists of positive ions in a ‘sea of electrons’.

Which statement correctly describes what happens to the particles in the metallic heating element of an
electric kettle when the kettle is switched on?
A Electrons move in both directions in the element.
B Electrons move in one direction only in the element.
C Electrons move in one direction and positive ions move in the opposite direction in the element.
D Positive ions move in one direction only in the elem

13. How many of the molecules shown contain only one covalent bond?

H
Cl 2 2 HCl N2 O2
A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5

PART II

1. The table shows some of the properties of the elements in Group III of the Periodic Table.

proton (atomic) atomic radius melting point

element
number / nm / °C
B 5 0.080 2306
Al 13 0.125 660
Ga 31 0.125 30
In 49 0.150 157
Tl 81 0.155 304
 Nh 113

Nihonium, Nh, has only recently been discovered.

It has not been possible to measure its atomic radius and melting point because it is too
radioactive.
Estimate the atomic radius of Nh.
.....................................................nm[1]

(ii) Explain, using data from the table, why it is difficult to estimate the melting point of nihonium.
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(b) Boron has a giant covalent structure. Explain why

boron has a high melting point.

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2 (a) Trifluorochloromethane, CF3Cl, is a covalent compound.

(i) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for a CF3Cl molecule. You only need to show the outer electrons for each
atom

[2]

(ii) Trifluorochloromethane does not conduct electricity.

Suggest one other physical property of trifluorochloromethane.

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(b) Sodium chloride has an ionic structure.

Explain why sodium chloride conducts electricity when molten but does not conduct electricity when in the
solid state.
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3 Blue diamonds are an impure form of carbon. Part of the structure of a blue diamond is shown below.

= carbon atom
= boron atom

blue diamond

(a) Blue diamonds have a high melting point and can conduct electricity.

Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why blue diamonds have a high melting point.
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(b) Normal diamonds are a pure form of carbon. They do not conduct electricity.

(i) Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why normal diamonds do not conduct electricity.

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(ii) Suggest why blue diamonds can conduct electricity.

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(c) Graphite is another pure form of carbon. Suggest two reasons why graphite is often used as an electrode in
electrolysis .
1 .......................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Explain in terms of structure and bonding why graphite can be used as lubricants
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4 Sulfur forms simple molecules which have a relative molecular mass of 256.

Suggest the formula of a sulfur molecule

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(c) Sulfur has a low melting point and does not conduct electricity.

Explain why sulfur has a low melting point.

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(ii) Explain why sulfur does not conduct electricity.

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(d) What is meant by the term isotopes ?

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(e) Sulfur reacts with potassium to form potassium sulfide.

 Write the formula and the electronic configuration of the positive ion and of the negative ion in potassium
sulfide.

positive ion

formula .................................. electronic configuration ..................................

negative ion

formula .................................. electronic configuration .................................. [2]

(f) Sulfur reacts with potassium to form potassium sulfide, K2S.

Draw the ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram to show the bonding in potassium sulfide. Only draw the outer shell

electrons. [2]

(g) Suggest why the melting point of magnesium oxide is much higher than that of sodium chloride.

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[2]

5 Three types of bonding are covalent, ionic and metallic.

(a) (i) Draw a labelled diagram to illustrate metallic bonding.

[2]

(ii) Use ideas about the structure of metals to explain why metals are

malleable, .................................................................................................................

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good conductors of electricity. ..................................................................................

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