VAILANKANNI PUBLIC SCHOOL, CBSE BARGUR

CLASS 12 – PHYSICS

PRACTICE WORKSHEET – RAY OPTICS

For the
ENGLISH same value of angle of incidence, the angles of refraction in three media A, B and C are 15°, 25° and 35° respectively. In
1
1 which medium would the velocity of light be minimum?

ANS: Thus, the medium for which angle of refraction is of 15°, the speed of
light is minimum.

2 How does the angle of minimum deviation of a glass prism vary, if the incident violet light is replaced with red light? 1

ANS: It decreases.

3 Name the principle on which an optical fibre works. 1

ANS: Total internal reflection.

4 Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the image formation in a compound microscope in normal adjustment position. Write down
2
the expression for its magnifying power.
 ANS:

5 Figure shows a ray of light passing through a prism. If the refracted ray QR is parallel to the base BC, show that (i) r1 = r2 = A/2,

(ii) angle of minimum deviation, ∆m = 2i – A.

6 Show that the power of a lens is P = 1/f. 2

7 An object is placed in front of a right angled prism ABC in two positions (a) and (b) as shown. The prism is made of crown glass
with critical angle of 41o. Trace the path of two rays from P and Q, (i) in (a), normal to the hypotenuse, and (ii) in (b), parallel to

the hypotenuse.

ANS: (i) Refer to Point no. 8 fig. (b) (ii) Refer to Point no. 8 fig. (c) [Important Terms, Definitions and Formulae]

8 Explain the basic differences between the construction and working of a telescope and a microscope. 2

ANS: A telescope resolves and a microscope magnifies. In telescope, the aperture of objective is large and that of eyepiece is
small, while in case of microscope, it is reverse. In telescope, the power of eyepiece is more than the power of objective. In
microscope, the power of both objective and eyepiece must be high.

9 Using the data given below, state which two of the given lenses will be preferred to construct a (i) telescope, and (ii) microscope. 2
 Also indicate which is to be used as objective and as eyepiece in each case.

ANS: (i) For a telescope: L2 and L3 Lens L2 is chosen as an objective because its power is least (or focal length is maximum)
and aperture is large. Lens L3 is chosen as an eyepiece because its focal length is small. (ii) For a microscope: L1 and L3 Lens L3
is chosen as objective because its focal length is small, and L1 as an eyepiece because its focal length is not large. Note: Lenses
are selected so that optical instruments have maximum magnifying power.

1 A right angled prism made from a material of refractive index µ is kept in air. A ray PQ is incident normally on the side AB of the
0 prism as shown. Find (in terms of µ) the maximum value of µ up to which this incident ray necessarily undergoes total internal

reflection at the face AC of the prism.

ANS:
1 A ray PQ incident normally on the refracting face BA is refracted in the prism BAC made of material of refractive index 1.5.
1 Complete the path of ray through the prism. From which face will the ray emerge? Justify your answer.

ANS:
1 With the help of a suitable ray diagram, derive a relation between the object distance (u), image distance (v) and radius of
3
2 curvature (R) for a convex spherical surface, when a ray of light travels form rarer to denser medium.

ANS:
1 (i) Draw a schematic labelled ray diagram of a reflecting type telescope. (ii) Write two important advantages justifying why
3 reflecting type telescopes are preferred over refracting telescopes. (iii) The objective of a telescope is of larger focal length and 3
of larger aperture (compared to the eyepiece). Why? Give reasons.

ANS: (i) Cassegrainian telescope

(ii) The following are the two advantages of a reflecting type telescope over a
refracting type telescope: 1. As there is no refraction, it is free from the chromatic aberration. 2. The light gathering
power of the objective must be higher to get better resolution. It is easier to handle and cheaper to make mirrors of
 larger diameters. (iii) Magnifying power of a telescope, So, the focal length of objective must be
larger for higher magnification. With the larger aperture of object, light gathering capacity of the telescope increases.
Hence, a better resolution is obtained.
1 (a) A point object O is kept in a medium of refractive index n1 in front of a convex spherical surface of radius of curvature R which
4 separates the second medium of refractive index n2 from the first one, as shown in the figure.

Draw the ray diagram showing the image formation and deduce the relationship
between the object distance and the image distance in terms of n1, n2 and R. (b) When the image formed above acts
as a virtual object for a concave spherical surface separating the medium n2 from n1(n2 > n1), draw this ray diagram
and write the similar (similar to (a)) relation. Hence obtain the expression for the lens maker’s formula.
ANS:
1 A thin convex lens having two surfaces of radii of curvature R1 and R2 is made of a material of refractive index μ2. It is kept in a
5 medium of refractive index μ2. Derive, with the help of a ray diagram, the lens maker’s formula when a point object placed on the 5
principal axis in front of the radius of curvature R1 produces an image I on the other side of the lens.
ANS:
1 (a) Two thin convex lenses L1 and L2 of focal lengths f1 and f2 respectively, are placed co-axially in contact. An object is placed at 5
6 a point beyond the focus of lens L1. Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation by the combination and hence derive the
expression for the focal length of the combined system.
 (b) A ray PQ incident on the face AB of a prism ABC, as shown in the figure, emerges
from the face AC such that AQ = AR. Draw the ray diagram showing the passage of the ray through the prism. If the
angle of the prism is 60° and refractive index of the material of the prism is determine the values of angle of
incidence and angle of deviation.

ANS:
1 A ray of light passes through an equilateral prism (refractive index 1.5) such that angle of incidence is equal to angle of
4
7 emergence and the latter is equal to 3/4th of angle of prism. Calculate the angle of deviation.

ANS:

1
8 A light ray passes from air into a liquid as shown in figure. Find refractive index of liquid.

ANS:
1 You are given three lenses L1, L2 and L3 each of focal length 10 cm. An object is kept at 15 cm in front of L1, as shown. The final
9 real image is formed at the focus I of L3. Find the separations between L1, L2 and L3.
4

ANS:

2 In the following diagram, find the focal length of lens L2. 4

2 (i) If f = 0.5 m for a glass lens, what is the power of the lens?
1 (ii) The radii of curvature of the faces of a double convex lens are 10 cm and 15 cm. Its focal length is 12 cm. What is the
refractive index of glass? 4
(iii) A convex lens has 20 cm focal length in air. What is focal length in water?
(Refractive index of air-water = 1.33, refractive index for air-glass = 1.5).
 ANS:

2 A converging lens is used to form an image on a screen. When the upper half of the lens is covered by an opaque screen.
2 (a) half the image will disappear.
(b) incomplete image will be formed. 1
(c) intensity of image will decrease but complete image is formed.
(d) intensity of image will increase but image is not distinct.

ANS: (c) because focal length of lens does not change but amount of light passing through lens becomes half.

2 We combine two lenses, one is convex and other is concave having focal lengths f1 and f2 and their combined focal length is F. 1
3 Combination of the lenses will behave like concave lens, if
 (a) f1 > f2 (b) f1 = f2
(c) f1 < f2 (d) f1 ≤ f2

ANS:

2 The length of an astronomical telescope for normal vision (relaxed eye) will be (a) fo – fe
4
1
(b)
(c) fo × fe (d) fo + fe

ANS: (d) In normal vision, length of telescope L = fo + fe.

2 Four lenses of focal lengths ± 15 cm and ± 150 cm are available for making a telescope. To produce the largest magnification,
5 the focal length of the eyepiece should be
1
(a) + 15 cm (b) + 150 cm
(c) – 150 cm (d) – 15 cm

ANS: (a) For telescope magnification, m = fe < fo to produce large magnification.

2
The refractive index of the material of an equilateral prism is What is the angle of minimum deviation?
6 1
(a) 45° (b) 60°
(c) 37° (d) 30°
 ANS:

2
7 A convex lens of refractive index has a power of 2.5 D in air. If it is placed in a liquid of refractive index 2 then the new power
of the lens is 1
(a) – 1.25 D (b) – 1.5 D
(c) 1.25 D (d) 1.5 D

ANS:

2 The optical density of turpentine is higher than that of water while its mass density is lower. Figure shows a layer of turpentine 1
8 floating over water in a container. For which one of the four rays incident on turpentine in figure the path shown is correct?
 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

ANS: (b)

2 An astronomical refractive telescope has an objective of focal length 20 m and an eyepiece of focal length 2 cm. Which one of
9 the following is not correct?
(a) The length of the telescope tube is 20.02 m.
1
(b) The magnification is 1000.
(c) The image formed is inverted.
(d) An objective of a larger aperture will increase the brightness and reduce chromatic aberration of the image.

ANS: (d)

3 A double convex lens of refractive index μ1 is immersed in a liquid of refractive index μ2. The lens will act as transparent plane
0
1

sheet when

ANS:
3 When a ray of light enters from one medium to another, then which of the following does not change?
1 (a) Frequency (b) Wavelength 1
(c) Speed (d) Amplitude

ANS: (a) Only frequency of ray of light does not change when it propagates from one medium to another.

3 A diver at a depth 12 m inside water (μ = 4/3) sees the sky in a cone of semi-vertical angle
2
1

ANS:

3 The astronomical telescope consists of objective and eyepiece. The focal length of the objective is
3 (a) equal to that of the eyepiece.
(b) shorter than that of eyepiece. 1
(c) greater than that of eyepiece.
(d) five times shorter than that of eyepiece.

ANS: (c) For producing large magnification focal length of objective is greater than that of the eyepiece.

3 A microscope is focussed on a mark on a piece of paper and then a slab of glass of thickness 3 cm and refractive index 1.5 is
4 placed over the mark. How should the microscope be moved to get the mark in focus again?
(a) 2 cm upward
1
(b) 1 cm upward
(c) 4.5 cm downward
(d) 1 cm downward
 ANS:

3 A beam of light consisting of red, green and blue colours is incident on a right angled prism. The refractive index of the material
5 of the prism for red, green and blue wavelengths are 1.39, 1.44 and 1.47 respectively. The prism will

(a) separate the red colour part from the green and blue colours.
(b) separate the blue colour part from the red and green colours.
(c) separate all the three colours from one another.
(d) not separate the three colours at all.

ANS: (a) For total internal reflection, i > ic or sin i > sin ic As for green and violet μ >
1.414, they will suffer TIR, but red will be refracted.

3 There are certain material developed in laboratories which have a negative refractive index. A ray incident from air (medium 1) 1
6
into such a medium (medium 2) shall follow a path given by

ANS: (a)