Waves
Waves
(Royal Physics)
Physics
Unit 3 Waves
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Saya U Hein Htet Aung (Royal Physics) Edexcel IGCSE (Physics)
Reflection
• When a series of wave strike an obstacle, they are turned back.
• This turning back of waves is called reflection of waves.
• When waves strike a straight barrier, the waves are reflected from the barrier.
• The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
• The wavelength and velocity of the wave remain constant in reflection of wave.
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Saya U Hein Htet Aung (Royal Physics) Edexcel IGCSE (Physics)
Refraction
• The speed of water waves depends on the depth of water.
• It decreases when the depth of water becomes less deep.
• By the ripple tank experiment, when water waves pass from deep to shallow water the
velocity of wave is lesser and the wavelength is shorter or vice-versa.
• When waves are incident to the boundary with an angle, the direction of the waves
changes.
• Such a change in direction is called refraction.
• It can be noticed that in refraction, the wavelength and velocity change but frequency
remains the same.
Diffraction
• Diffraction is the spreading of waves from the straight-on direction through a gap (or)
moves around an obstacle.
• The wave that passes the edges of the gap of the obstacle spread out.
• Water waves in ripple tank spreading out after they pass through the gap.
• The wider the gap, the less the waves spread out.
• The narrower the gap, the more the waves spread out.
• Note that the wavelength does not change after diffraction.
• Diffraction around an obstacle includes radio waves that are diffracted as they over the
hill.
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Saya U Hein Htet Aung (Royal Physics) Edexcel IGCSE (Physics)
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Saya U Hein Htet Aung (Royal Physics) Edexcel IGCSE (Physics)
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Saya U Hein Htet Aung (Royal Physics) Edexcel IGCSE (Physics)
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Saya U Hein Htet Aung (Royal Physics) Edexcel IGCSE (Physics)
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