CHEMISTRY 12

CHAPTER WISE QUESTIONs

I. SOLUTION (MLL)

SECTION A(1 mark )

The following questions are multiple -choice questions with one correct
answer.
1 The values of Vant Hoff factors for NaCl, KCl and Na2SO4 respectively are 1
A. 2,2 and 2
B. 2,2 and 3
C. 1,1 and 2
D. 1,1 and 1
2 The value of Henry’s constant KH is _____________. 1
(a) greater for gases with higher solubility.
(b) greater for gases with lower solubility.
(c) constant for all gases.
(d) not related to the solubility of gases.
3 Considering the formation, breaking and strength of hydrogen bond, predict which 1
of the following mixtures will show a positive deviation from Raoult’s law?
(a)Methanol and acetone. (b) Chloroform and acetone.
(c) Nitric acid and water. (d) Phenol and aniline.
4 In comparison to a 0.01 M solution of glucose, the depression in freezing point of 1
a 0.01 M MgCl2 solution is _____________.
(a) the same (b) about twice
(c) about three times (d) about six times
5 Which of the following statements is false? 1
(a) Two different solutions of sucrose of same molality prepared in
different solvents will have the same depression in freezing point.
(b) The osmotic pressure of a solution is given by the equation Π = CRT
( where C is the molarity of the solution).
(c) Decreasing order of osmotic pressure for 0.01 M aqueous solutions of
 barium chloride, potassium chloride, acetic acid and sucrose is BaCl2 >
KCl > CH3COOH > sucrose.
(d) According to Raoult’s law, the vapour pressure exerted by a volatile
component of a solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction in
the solution
6 4L of 0.02 M aqueous solution of NaCl was diluted by adding one litre of water. 1
The molality of the resultant solution is _____________.
(i) 0.004 (ii) 0.008 (iii) 0.012 (iv) 0.016
7 The unit of molal elevation constant (Ebullioscopic constant) is 1
(a)K kg mol-1 (b) mol kg K-1
-1
(c)kg mol K (d) K mol kg K-1
8 Which of the following binary mixtures will have same composition in liquid and 1
Vapour phase ?
(a)Benzene-Toluene ( b) Water-Nitric acid
(c). Water-Ethanol (d). n-Hexane and n-Heptane
9 Out of molality (m), molarity (M), formality (F) and mole fraction (x), those which 1
are independent of temperature are
(a) M, m (b) F, x (c) m, x (d) M, x
10 A beaker contains a solution of substance ‘A’. Precipitation of substance ‘A’ takes 1
place when small amount of ‘A’ is added to the solution. The solution is
_________.

(a) saturated (b) supersaturated (c) unsaturated (d) concentrated

11 Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1

(i) Sea water boils at a lower temperature than fresh water.

(ii) ΔS is higher for the vaporization of pure solvent than the vaporization
of solvent from a solution containing a non-volatile electrolytic solute.

(iii) The boiling point of water is lower than that of glucose water.

(a) i and iii (b) ii and iii (c) i, ii, and iii (d) i only

12 342.3 g of sucrose is dissolved in 1 kg of water in a pot to form a solution. The 1

boiling point of water (solvent) is 373.15 K. Which of the following is likely to be
the boiling point of the solution? (Molar mass of sucrose= 342.3 g/mol;
Atmospheric pressure= 1.013 bar; KH= 0.52 K kg mol-1 )
(a) 373 K (b)373.15 K (c) 373.67 K (d) 372.63 K
 Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
13 Assertion(A): The solubility of a gas in a liquid increases with increase of 1
pressure.
Reason(R): The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the
pressure of the gas
14 Assertion (A): Molarity of a solution in liquid state changes with temperature. 1
Reason (R): The volume of a solution changes with change in temperature
15 Assertion (A): When NaCl is added to water a depression in freezing point is 1
observed. Reason (R): The lowering of vapour pressure of a solution causes
depression in the freezing point
16 Assertion (A): When a solution is separated from the pure solvent by a 1
semipermeable membrane, the solvent molecules pass through it from pure solvent
side to the solution side.
Reason (R) : Diffusion of solvent occurs from a region of high concentration
solution to a region of low concentration solution.
SECTION B
17 If the solubility product of CuS is 6 × 10–16, calculate the maximum molarity of 2
CuS in aqueous solution.
18 Under what condition Raoult’s law becomes a special case of Henry’s law. 2
Nitrogen gas is soluble in water. At temperature 293 K, the value of KH is 76.48
kbar . How would the solubility of nitrogen vary (increase, decrease or remain the
same) at a temperature above 293 K , if the value of KH rises to 88.8 kbar
19 Some countries use the colligative property of solutions to remove the snow from 2
the roads. The snow is salted with NaCl or CaCl2, lowering its freezing point and
causing it to melt and clear the space. Assuming that NaCl dissolves completely in
ice and forms an ideal solution, what mass of NaCl must be dissolved in 5.5 kg of
 ice on the road to decrease the melting point of water to -10°C?
(Kf = 1.86 °C kg/mole; atomic mass of sodium = 23 g/mol, atomic mass of
chlorine = 35.44 g/mol)
20 The osmotic pressure of NaCl in water is 3 times that of the solution of 0.2M 2
MgCl2. If NaCl dissociates completely in water, then calculate the concentration
of NaCl. (Assume the value of R and T as the same for both the solutions)
21 Why are aquatic species more comfortable in cold water in comparison to warm 2
water?
SECTION C
The following questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each
22 What are Colligative Properties? Write formula to calculate the molar mass of 3
solute on adding non -volatile solute in solution? Write the name of that
colligative property?
23 Which colligative property can be used to find out molar mass of biomolecules 3
and why(any two reason)

24 (a) Explain the following phenomena with the help of Henry’s law. 3
(i) Painful condition known as bends.
(ii) Feeling of weakness and discomfort in breathing at high altitude.
(b) Why does soda water bottle keep at room temperature fizzes on opening?
25 Radiators with water are used in car enginesto transfer the excess heat from the 3
engine to the air outside. In a cold winter, the temperature suddenly dips down to -
2 °C. If the water in a car's radiator freezes, the engine will not function properly
after some time. To avoid the freezing of water, a certain amount of ethylene
glycol is used to lower the freezing point of water in the radiator. If the capacity of
your car's radiator to hold water is 1 kg, how many grams of ethylene glycol must
you add to lower the freezing point of water from 0 ° to -2 °C? (Kf of water = 1.86
K kg/mol; molecular weight of ethylene glycol= 62 g/mol)
26 The table below showsthe degree of dissociation/association along with constant i 3
for different solutes.
Solute Degree of association or dissociation i
 H2SO4 1 3
CH3COOH (in water) 0.2 -
CH3COOH (in benzene) 0.5 -
Urea No association or dissociation 1
Based on the table:
(i) What is the Vant Hoff factor i for CH3COOH in two different solvents?
(Assume 100% association or dissociation)
(ii) Why does Urea show no association or dissociation in any solvent?
27 Why is it not possible to obtain pure ethanol by fractional distillation? What 3
general name is given to binary mixtures which show deviation from Raoult’s law
and whose components cannot be separated by fractional distillation. How many
types of such mixtures are there?
28 Why is the mass determined by measuring a colligative property in case of some 3
solutes abnormal ? Explain it with the help of Van’t Hoff factor.
SECTION D
The following questions are case -based questions.. Read the passage carefully
and answer the questions that follows.
29 The spontaneous flow of the solvent through a semipermeable mebrane from a
pure solvent to a solution or from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution is
called osmosis. The phenomenon of osmosis can be demonstrated by taking two
eggs of the same size. In an egg, the memrane below the shell and around the egg
material is semi-permeable. The outer hard shell can be removed by putting the
egg in dilute hydrochloric acid. 4 After removing the hard shell, one egg is placed
in distilled water and the other in a saturated salt solution. After some time, the
egg placed in distilled water swells-up while the egg placed in salt solution
shrinks. The external pressure applied to stop the osmosis is termed as osmotic
pressure (a colligative property). Reverse osmosis takes place when the applied
external pressure becomes larger than the osmotic pressure.
Answer the following questions:
(a) What happens when RBC’s are placed in 0.5% NaCl solution. 1
(b) Which one of the following has higher osmotic pressure 1M KCl or 1M urea? 1
 (c) What is reverse osmosis? Name one SPM which can be used in this plant. 2
30 A solution which obeys Raoult’s law strictly is called an ideal solution, while a
solution which shows deviations from Raoult’s law is called a non-ideal solution
or real solution. Suppose the molecules of the solvent and solute are represented
by A and B respectively, and let gAB, gAA and gBB are the attractive forces
between A—B, A—A and B—B respectively. An ideal solution of the
components A and B is defined as the solution in which the intermolecular
interactions between the components A—B are of the same magnitude as the
intermolecular interactions found in the pure components A—A and B—B.
Similarly,a non- ideal solution of the components A and B is defined as the
solution in which the intermolecular interactions between the components A—B
are of the different magnitude as the intermolecular interactions found in the pure
components A—A and B—B.
1. What type of liquids form the ideal solution? 1
2. Give one example of an ideal solution. 1
3. Write two characteristics of non-ideal solution. 2
OR
On mixing liquid A and liquid B, volume of the resulting solution 2
decreases, what type of deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by?
SECTION E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each.
31 A. An experiment was carried out in the laboratory, to study depression in 2+3
freezing point. 1M aqueous solution of CaCl2 and 1 M aqueous solution of
urea were taken. From the given figure identify solution 1 and solution
2,justify reason for your answer.
 B. Determine the amount of CaCl2 (i = 2.47) dissolved in 2.5 litre of water
such that its osmotic pressure is 0.75 atm at 27° C.( R = 0.0821 L atm K-
1
mol–1 ,Mass of CaCl2=111 g mol -1)
32 A. Anand collected a 10 ml each of fresh water and ocean water .He observed 3+2
o o
that one sample labeled ‘P’ froze a 0 C while other ‘Q ‘at -1.3 C.Anand
forgot which of the ‘P’ or ‘Q’ was ocean water .Help him to identify the
sample that is ocean water, giving rationalization for your answer.
B. Calculate the mass of ascorbic acid (vitamin C, C6H8O6 ) to be dissolved
in 75 g of acetic acid to lower its melting point by 1·5°C.
( Kf for CH3COOH) = 3·9 K kg mol-1)
33 The graphical representation of vapour pressures of two component system as a 2+3
function of composition is given alongside. By graphic inspection, answer the
following questions:

(a) Name the type of deviation shown by this system from Raoult’s law.
(b) Predict the sign of DmixH for this system.
(c) Predict the sign of DmixV for this system.
 (d) Give an example of such a system.
(e) What type of azeotrope will this system form, if possible?

II.ELECTRO CHEMISTRY (MLL)

SECTION A
The following questions are multiple -choice questions with one correct
answer. Each question carries 1 mark.
1 Which type of battery is used in mobile phones and laptops? 1
A. Silver cell
B. Lithium cell
C. Ni-cd cell
D. Mercury cell
2 An electrolytic cell has an anode and cathode made up of graphite. At the anode, 1
Cl2 gas is released and at the cathode, H2 gas is released. Which of the following
electrolytes in the cell can produce these gases?
A. NH4Cl (aq) B. Molten NH4Cl
C. NaCl (aq) D. Molten NaCl
3 There are two beakers 'A' and 'B' containing KCl and CH3COOH solutions 1
respectively. On adding water to beakers A and B, which of the following change
in Λm of the solutions will be correct?
A. It increases sharply in beaker A and slowly in beaker B
B. It increases slowly in beaker A and sharply in beaker B
C. It decreases in beaker A but no change in beaker B.
D. There is no change in beaker A but it decreases slowly in beaker B.
4 Copper metal is purified by electrolytic refining. If the electrolyte used for refining 1
of copper in an electrolytic cell is aq.salt solution of copper, which out of the
following statement about this cell is INCORRECT?
 A. The impure Copper rod undergoes oxidation.
B. Oxidation takes place at the anode.
C. Impure copper rod acts as the negative electrode.
D. Pure copper rod acts as a cathode.
5 Under which of the following conditions will the chemical reaction in an 1
electrochemical cell will be spontaneous?
A. E 0 = +ve, ΔG= +ve cell B. E 0 = −ve, Δ G= −ve cell
C. E 0 = +ve, Δ G= −ve cell D. E 0 = −ve, ΔG= +ve
6 An electrochemical cell can behave like an electrolytic cell when ____________. 1
(a) Ecell = 0 (b) Ecell > Eext
(c) Eext > Ecell (d) Ecell = Eext
7 The difference between the electrode potentials of two electrodes when no current 1
is drawn through the cell is called _________________.
(a) Cell potential (b) Cell emf
(c) Potential difference (d) Cell voltage
8 The positive value of the standard electrode potential of Cu2+/Cu indicates that 1
______________.
(a) this redox couple is a stronger reducing agent than the H+ /H2 couple.
(b) this redox couple is a stronger oxidising agent than H+ /H2.
(c) Cu can displace H2 from acid.
(d) Cu cannot displace H2 from acid
9 On increasing temperature, 1
(a) ionic conductance increases and electronic conductance decreases.
(b) ionic conductance decreases and electronic conductance increases.
(c) both ionic and electronic conductance increase.
(d) both ionic and electronic conductance decrease.
10 ᴧom (NH4OH) is equal to ______________. 1
11 While charging the lead storage battery ______________. 1
(a) PbSO4 anode is reduced to Pb. (b) PbSO4 cathode is reduced to Pb.
(c) PbSO4 cathode is oxidised to Pb. (d) PbSO4 anode is oxidised to PbO2.
12 Which cell will measure standard electrode potential of copper electrode? 1
(a) Pt(s)| H2 (g, 0.1 bar)| H+ (aq., 1 M) | | Cu2+ (aq., 1M)| Cu
(b) Pt(s)| H2 (g, 1 bar) | H+ (aq., 1 M) | | Cu2+ (aq., 2M)| Cu
(c) Pt(s)| H2 (g, 1 bar) | H+ (aq., 1 M) | | Cu2+ (aq., 1M)| Cu
(d) Pt(s)| H2 (g, 1 bar) | H+ (aq., 0.1 M)| | Cu2+ (aq., 1M)| Cu
Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
13 Assertion (A): Mercury cell gives steady potential. 1
Reason(R) : In the cell reaction, ions are not involved in solution.
14 Assertion(A): Galvanised iron does not rust. 1
Reason(R): Zinc has a more negative electrode potential than iron.
15 Assertion (A) : Rusting of iron is quicker in saline water than in ordinary water. 1
Reason (R) : Salt water helps in flow of current in the miniature cell developed on
the iron surface.
16 Assertion (A) : Electrolysis of NaCl solution gives chlorine at anode instead of 1
O2.
Reason (R) : Formation of oxygen at anode requires overvoltage.
SECTION B
The following questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17 Calculate the emf of the cell in which the following reaction takes place: 2
Ni(s) + 2Ag+ (0.002 M) → Ni2+ (0.160 M) + 2Ag(s), Given that Eo cell = 1.05 V
18 Calculate the potential of hydrogen electrode in contact with a solution whose pH 2
is 10.
19 A rusted piece of iron undergoes electrochemical reactions. Write the chemical 2
 reactions taking place at the following spots of that rusting piece of iron:
a) At the spot that behaves as an anode
b) At the spot that behaves as a cathode
c) The overall balanced chemical reaction
d) Further oxidation of ferrous ion into rust
20 Imagine you are in a chemistry lab and the teacher is explaining the electrolysis of 2
CuSO4 solution and the products liberated after electrolysis. The teacher made two
Setups for the electrolysis process.
In Set up-I electrolysis of CuSO4 solution is done by using Pt electrodes and in
Set up-II electrolysis of CuSO4 solution is done by using Cu electrodes. Answer
the following questions based on this:
i) In which Set up I or II will the colour of CuSO4 solution fades away and
why?
ii) Write the chemical reaction taking place at the Cu anode in Set up II.
iii) Name the product obtained at the anode in Set up I.
iv) Which out of Set up I or II depict refining of crude copper?
21 At what pH of HCl solution will hydrogen gas electrode show electrode potential 2
of –0.118 V? H2 gas is passed at 298 K and 1 atm pressure.
SECTION C
The following questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each
22 The cell in which the following reaction occurs: 3
2Fe3+ (aq) + 2I– (aq) → 2Fe2+ (aq) +I2 (s) has E°cell = 0.236 V at 298 K. Calculate
the standard Gibbs energy and the log Kc of the cell reaction.
23 Solutions of two electrolytes ‘A’ and ‘B’ are diluted. The Λm of ' B ' increases 1.5 3
times while that of ‘A’ increases 25 times. Which of the two is a strong electrolyte
? Justify your answer. Graphically show behavior of ‘A’ and ‘B’.

24 Calculate the emf of the cell given below at STP: 3

 E°(B+/B) = 0.80 V, E°(A+2/A) = -2.37 V
25 The molar conductivity of 0.025 mol L–1 methanoic acid is 46.1 S cm2 mol–1. 3
Calculate its degree of dissociation and dissociation constant. Given ⋋o (H+ ) =
349.6 S cm2 mol–1 and ⋋o (HCOO– ) = 54.6 S cm2 mol–1.
26 How much charge is required for the following reduction: 3
3+
(i) 1 mol of Al to Al?
(ii) 1 mol of Cu2+ to Cu?
(iii) 1 mol of MnO4 – to Mn2+?
27 Three electrolytic cells A, B and C containing solutions of ZnSO4, AgNO3 and 3
CuSO4, respectively were connected in series. A steady current of 1.5 amperes
was passed through them until 1.45 g of silver deposited at the cathode of cell B.
How long did the current flow? What mass of copper and zinc were deposited?
28 Predict the products of electrolysis in each of the following(any 3) 3
(i) An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with silver electrodes.
(ii) Molten NaCl with platinum electrodes.
(iii) A dilute solution of H2SO4 with platinum electrodes
(iv) An aqueous solution of CuCl2 with platinum electrodes.
SECTION D
The following questions are case -based questions. Read the passage carefully
and answer the questions that follows.
29 The conductivity or specific conductivity of an electrolytic solution varies with the
 concentration of the solutions of different electrolytes. For comparing the
conductances of the solutions of different electrolytes, it is essential that the
solutions should have equal volumes and they must contain definite amount of the
electrolytes which give ions carrying the same total charge. The conducting power
of an electrolytic solution can be expressed in terms of equivalent conductance and
molar conductance. The equivalent conductance of a solution does not vary
linearly with concentration and it is related with specific conductance. The effect
of equivalent conductance can be studied by plotting values against the square root
of the concentration. Following two figures show the behaviour of strong and
weak electrolytes with change of concentration. Λ m c Strong electrolytes Λ m c
Weak electrolytes

1. Write the relationship between specific conductivity and equivalent

conductivity?
1
2. What is the effect of decreasing concentration on the molar conductivity of a
1
weak electrolyte?
3. Write the mathematical expression for Kohlrausch’s law in terms of equivalent
1
conductivities.
4. What is meant by limiting molar conductivity?
1
30 Redox reactions play an important role in chemistry. Whenever a redox reaction
takes place directly in a single beaker, chemical energy in the form of heat is
produced. By suitable means, it is possible to bring about the redox reactions
indirectly so as to convert the chemical energy into electrical energy. A device
used to convert the chemical energy produced in a redox reaction into electrical
energy is called an electrochemical cell. If a redox reaction is allowed to take
place in such a way that oxidation half reaction takes place in one beaker and the
 reduction half reaction in another beaker, the electrons given out by the former
will be taken by the latter and the current will flow. The two portions of the cell
are called half cells. The values of standard redox potential (Eo ) of two half cell
reactions decides in which way the reaction will proceed. A redox reaction is
feasible when the substance having higher reduction potential gets reduced and the
one having lower reduction potential gets oxidised. For example, In Daniel cell,
zinc goes into solution and copper gets deposited.
1. Formulate the galvanic cell in which the following reaction takes place: 1
+ 2+
Zn(s) + 2Ag (aq) → Zn (aq) + 2Ag(s)
2. Is it safe to stir AgNO3 solution with a copper spoon? Why or why not? 1
3. Two half cell reactions of an electrochemical cell are given below: 1
MnO4 – (aq) + 8H+ (aq) + 5e – → Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l), Eo = +1.51 V
Sn2+(aq) → Sn4+(aq) + 2e – , Eo = +0.15 V .
Construct the redox reaction from the two half cell reactions and predict if this
reaction favours formation of reactants or products shown in the equation.
4. State the factors that influence the value of cell potential of the following 1
cell: Mg(s)|Mg2+(aq) || Ag+ (aq)|Ag(s)
SECTION E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each.
31 (i) State Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Write an 3+2
expression for the limiting molar conductivity of water according to
Kohlrausch law.
(ii) Calculate ᴧom for acetic acid. Given that ᴧom (HCl) = 426 S cm2 mol–1,
ᴧom (NaCl) = 126 S cm2 mol–1 , ᴧom (CH3COONa) = 91 S cm2 mol–1
32 Look at the diagram and answer the questions that follow: 5
 (i) Identify the ion(s) moving towards the cathode. Give a reason for your
choice.

(ii) What is the expected product at the anode? Write the reaction(s)
occuring at the anode.
(iii) Write the net reaction of the process seen in the above diagram.
(iv) State the laws that govern the above process.
33 The electrochemical cell given below converts the chemical energy released 5
during the
redox reaction : Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) to electrical energy.

It gives an electrical potential of 1.1 V when concentration Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions is
unity.
State the direction of flow of current and also specify whether zinc and copper are
deposited or dissolved at their respective electrodes when:
(i) an external opposite potential of less than 1.1 V is applied.
(ii) an external potential of 1.1 V is applied.
(iii) an external potential of greater than 1.1 V is applied.

III.CHEMICAL KINETICS (MLL)

SECTION A
The following questions are multiple -choice questions with one correct answer.
Each question carries 1 mark.
1 If the rate of a reaction 2A + 3B → C + 2D is k[A]0 [B]. By what factor will the rate 1
of reaction increase if the concentration of A increases by a factor of 2 and that of B
 by a factor of 3?
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 2
2 The half life of the first order reaction having rate constant K = 1.7 x 10-5 s-1 1
(a) 9.7 h (b) 11.3 h (c) 1.8 h (d) 12.1 h
3 What kind of order of reaction decomposition of Ammonia on platinum surface is: 1
(a) Zero order reaction (b) First order reaction
(c) Second order reaction (d) Fractional order reaction
4 In the rate equation, when the concentration of reactants is unity then the rate is 1
equal to:
(a) specific rate constant (b) average rate constant
(c) instantaneous rate constant (d) None of the above
5 A catalyst alters, which of the following in a chemical reaction? 1
(a) Entropy (b) Enthalpy
(c) Internal energy (d) Activation energy
6 If the rate of a reaction is expressed by, rate = A [A]² [B], the order of reaction will 1
be
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 0
7 In pseudo unimolecular reactions 1
(a) both the reactants are present in low concentration
(b) both the reactants are present in same concentration
(c) one of the reactant is present in excess
(d) one of the reactant is non-reactive
8 Radioactive disintegration is an example of 1
(a) zero order reaction (b) first order reaction
(c) second order reaction (d) third order reaction
9 The rate constant of zero-order reactions has the unit 1
(a) s -1 (b) mol L-1 s -1 (c) L 2 mol-2 s -1 (d) L mol-1 s -1
10 The rate constant of a reaction depends upon 1
(a) temperature of the reaction (b) extent of the reaction
(c) initial concentration of the reactants (d) the time of completion of reaction
11 In chemical equation H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI (g) , 1
the equilibrium constant Kp depends on
(a) total pressure (b) catalyst used (c) amount of H2 and I2 (d) temperature
12 The order of reaction is decided by 1
(a) temperature
(b) mechanism of reaction as well as relative concentration of reactants
(c) molecularity
(d) pressure

Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
13 Assertion(A): The order and molecularity of a reaction are always the same. 1
Reason(R): Order is determined experimentally whereas molecularity by a balanced
elementary reaction.
14 Assertion(A) : Rate constants determined from Arrhenius equation are fairly 1
accurate for simple as well as complex molecules.
Reason(R): Reactant molecules undergo chemical change irrespective of their
orientation during collision.
15 Assertion(A): Rate constant of a zero-order reaction has the same unit as the rate of 1
a reaction.
Reason(R): Rate constant of a zero-order reaction does not depend upon the
concentration of the reactant.
16 Assertion(A): In a first-order reaction, the concentration of the reactant is doubled, 1
its half-life is also doubled.
Reason(R): The half-life of a reaction does not depend upon the initial concentration
of the reactant in a first-order reaction.
SECTION B
 The following questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17 For a chemical reaction R → P, the variation in the concentration (R) vs. time (t) plot 2
is given below.

(i) Predict the order of the reaction.

(ii) What is the slope of the curve?
18 Define half life of a reaction. Show that for a 1st order reaction half life is 2
independent of initial concentration.
19 Explain the pseudo order reaction with example 2
20 Define the following : (i) Order of a reaction (ii) Activation energy of a reaction 2
21 The rate law for the reaction: 2
+ + 0
Ester + H → Acid + Alcohol is: dx/dt = k [Ester] [H ]
What would be the effect on the rate if
(i) concentration of the ester is doubled? (ii) concentration of H+ is doubled?
SECTION C
The following questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each
22 The rate constant for a first order reaction is 60 s–1. How much time will it take to 3
reduce the initial concentration of the reactant to its 1/16th value?
(log 2= 0.3010)
23 A reaction is first order in A and second order in B. 3
(i) Write the differential rate equation.
(ii) How is the rate affected on increasing the concentration of B three times?
(iii) How is the rate affected when the concentrations of both A and B are
doubled?
24 A. What do you understand by the rate law and rate constant of a reaction? 3
B. Identify the order of a reaction if the units of its rate constant are:
(i) L-1 mol s-1 (ii) L mol-1 s -1
25 Show that in a first order reaction, time required for completion of 99.9% is 10 times 3
that of half-life (t1/2) of the reaction.
26 How elementary reaction is different from complex reaction? 3
27 The rate constants of a reaction at 500K and 700K are 0.02s-1 and 0.07s-1respeetively 3
calculate the activation energy.
28 (i) A first order reaction is 75% completed in 40 minutes. Calculate its t1/2. 3
(ii) Predict the order of the reaction in the given plots:

SECTION D
The following questions are case -based questions. Read the passage carefully
and answer the questions that follows.
29 Most of the chemical reactions are accelerated by increase in temperature. For
example, in decomposition of N2O5, the time taken for half of the original amount of
material to decompose is 12 min at 50∘C, 5 h at 25 ∘C and 10 days at 0 ∘C. You also
know that is a mixture of potassium permaganate and oxalic acid H2C4O4, potassium
permaganate KMnO4 gets decolourised faster at a higher temperature than at a lower
temperature. It has been found that for a chemical reaction with rise in temperature
by 10 ∘C, the rate constant is nearly doubled. The temperature dependence of the rate
of a chemical reaction can be accurately explained by Arrhenius equation:
k=Ae−Ea/RT
where A is the frequency factor, Ea is the activation energy measured in joules per
mole.
a) How will change this equation into natural logaritham form?
b) What is conveyed by Arrhenius equation? 1
c) In the volumetric titration of oxalic acid against potassium 1
permanganate (KMnO4), we heat the oxalic acid solution to about 2
40 ∘C before performing the titration. Why?
OR
 The decomposition of hydrocarbon follows the equation 2
k = (4.5 × 1011s–1) e-28000K/T Calculate Ea.
30 The rate of a chemical reaction is expressed either in terms of decrease in the
concentration of a reactant per unit time or increase in the concentration of a product
per unit time. Rate of the reaction depends upon the nature of reactants,
concentration of reactants, temperature, presence of catalyst, surface area of the
reactants and presence of light. Rate of reaction is directly related to the
concentration of reactant. Rate law states that the rate of reaction depends upon the
concentration terms on which the rate of reaction actually depends, as observed
experimentally. The sum of powers of the concentration of the reactants in the rate
law expression is called order of reaction while the number of reacting species
taking part in an elementary reaction which must collide simultaneously in order to
bring about a chemical reaction is called molecularity of the reaction
1. Express the rate of the following reaction in terms of different reactants and 1
products. 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO2(g) + 6H2O(g)
2. Why do pieces of wood burn faster than a log of wood of the same mass? 1
3. Why does the rate of any reaction generally decrease during the course of the 2
reaction?
OR
Why is molecularity applicable only for elementary reactions and order is applicable 2
for elementary as well as complex reactions?
SECTION E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each.
31 For a certain chemical reaction variation in the concentration ln [R] vs. time plot is 5
given below .

For this reaction

 (i) What is the order of the reaction?
(ii) What are the units of rate constant k?
(iii) Give the relationship between k and t1/2 (half-life period).
(iv) What is the slope of the curve?
(v) Draw the plot log [R]0 /[R] vs time t(s).
32 For the hydrolysis of methyl acetate in aqueous solution, the following results were 3+2
obtained:
t/s 0 30 60
[CH3COOCH3]/mol L–1 0.60 0.30 0.15

(i) Show that it follows pseudo first order reaction, as the concentration of
water remains constant.
(ii) Calculate the average rate of reaction between the time interval 30 to 60
seconds. (Given log 2 = 0.3010, log 4 = 0.6021)
33 A. Can you store copper sulphate solutions in a zinc pot.Why? 2+3
B. In a reaction between A and B, the initial rate of reaction (r0) was measured
for different initial concentrations of A and B as given below:

What is the order of reaction with respect to A and B?

IV. d & f BLOCK ELEMENTS (MLL)

SECTION A
The following questions are multiple -choice questions with one correct answer.
Each question carries 1 mark.
1 Fe3+ ion is more stable than Fe2+ ion because 1
(a) more the charge on the atom, more is its stability
(b) configuration of Fe2+ is 3d6 while Fe3+ is 3d5
(c) Fe2+ has a larger size than Fe3+
(d) Fe3+ ions are coloured hence more stable
2 What happens when potassium iodide reacts with acidic solution of potassium 1
dichromate?
(a) It liberates iodine (b) Potassium sulphate is formed
(c) Chromium sulphate is formed (d) All the above products are formed
3 Which of the following characteristics make transition elements good catalysts? 1
P) their tendency to form reaction intermediates with the reactants, thereby reducing
the activation energy
Q) their ability to have multiple oxidation states
R) their ability to form complex compounds
a) only P
b) only Q
c) only Q and R
d) all - P, Q and R
4 Given below is an image showing a specific property of transition metals. 1

Which property of transition metals is shown in the image?

a) Catalytic action
b) Formation of alloy
c) Coloured complex formation
d) D. Interstitial compound formation
5 Which of the following pairs of ions have the same electronic configuration? 1
(a) Cu2+, Cr2+ (b) Fe3+, Mn2+ (c) Co3+, Ni3+ (d) Sc3+, Cr3+
6 Which of the following statements is not correct? 1
(a) La(OH)3 is less basic than Lu(OH)3
(b) La is actually an element of transition series rather than Lanthanoids
(c) Atomic radius of Zr and Hf is same
(d) In Lanthanoid series, the ionic radius of Lu3+ is smallest
7 Although Zirconium belongs to 4 d transition series and Hafnium to 5 d transition 1
series even then they show similar physical and chemical properties because .
(a) both belong to d-block.
(b) both have same number of electrons
( c) both have similar atomic radius.
(d) both belong to the same group of the periodic table.
8 Interstitial compounds are formed when small atoms are trapped inside the crystal 1
lattice of metals. Which of the following is not the characteristic property of
interstitial compounds?
(a)They have high melting points in comparison to pure metals.
(b)They are very hard
(c)They retain metallic conductivity.
(d)They are chemically very reactive
9 In which of the following oxometal anions does the metal NOT exhibit an oxidation 1
state equal to its group number?
a) CrO4 2- b) MnO4 - c) Cr2O7 2- d) MnO4 2-
10 Manav poured some potassium chromate in a test tube for qualitative analysis. The 1
yellow solution of potassium chromate soon turned orange in colour. Manav realised
that this happened because the test tube was not clean and contained a few drops of
some liquid. Which of the following were the liquid drops most likely to be?
a) Drops of hydrochloric acid b) Drops of methyl orange
c) Drops of NaOH solution d) Drops of water
11 Priya listed 4 uses of KMnO4 as follows: 1
P) It is used in volumetric analysis.
 Q) It is used in the Chromyl Chloride test to detect Clion.
R) It is used as a germicide.
S) It is used in Baeyer' s test, the test for unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Which of the uses are CORRECTLY listed by Priya?
a)Only P. R, and S b) Only Q, R, and S c) Only S and R d) Only P and Q
12 Which of the following reactions are disproportionation reactions? 1

(a) (i), (ii) (b) (i), (ii), (iii) (c) (ii), (iii), (iv) (d) (i), (iv)
Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
13 Assertion (A): Change in colour of acidic solution of potassium dichromate by 1
breath is used to test drunk drivers.
Reason (R): Change in colour is due to the complexation of alcohol with potassium
dichromate.
14 Assertion(A) : Cu+ ion is not stable in aqueous solution. 1
Reason(R) : Large value of I.E. of Cu is compensated by much more negative
hydration energy of Cu2+ ( aq).
15 Assertion(A) : KMnO4 acts as an oxidising agent in acidic, basic or neutral medium. 1
Reason(R) : It oxidises ferrous sulphate to ferric sulphate.
16 Assertion (A) : In transition elements ns orbital is filled up first and (n – 1)d 1
afterwards, during ionization ns electrons are lost prior to (n–1)d electrons.
Reason (R) : The effective nuclear charge felt by (n – 1)d electrons is higher as
compared to that by ns electrons.
SECTION B
 The following questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17 Explain giving reasons(any 2): 2
(i) Transition metals and many of their compounds show paramagnetic
behaviour.
(ii) The enthalpies of atomisation of the transition metals are high.
(iii) Zr and Hf have similar size

18 The preparation of potassium dichromate is a stepwise process, as shown below. 2

Step I - 4FeCr2O4 + 16NaOH + 7O2 → 8Na2CrO4 + 2Fe2O3 + 8H2O
Step II - 2Na2CrO4 + H2SO4 → Na2Cr2O7 + Na2SO4 + H2O
Step III - Na2Cr2O7 + 2KCl → K2Cr2O7 + 2NaCl
(a) What process should be used to remove impurities from sodium chromate
solution, after step I?
(b) What makes the reaction in step III possible?
19 Look at the image given below and answer the questions that follow: 2

a) Define the process seen here.

b) If the melting point of substance P is 1023°C, the melting point of Q should be
more or less than 1023°C?
20 The structure of two different samples of the same metal is shown below: 2

Complete the table with respect to the samples given above with the given
information:
[1668°C, 3160°C, chemically reactive, chemically inert]
Sample I Sample II
 Melting point
Chemical reactivity
21 Complete the following chemical reaction equations: 2
(i) MnO4 – (aq) + C2O4 2– (aq) + H+ (aq) →
(ii) Cr2O7 2– (aq) + Fe2+ (aq) + H+ (aq) →
SECTION C
The following questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each
22 A bottle contains compound 'A', which is the ammonical solution of nitrate salt of a 3
transition element. A chemical compound 'B', containing carbonyl functional group
is taken in a test tube. When compound 'A' is added in test tube containing
compound ' 'B' in basic medium. the wall of test tube B developes a shiny coating on
it. Based on this information, answer the following questions;
i) Write the formula and name of the compound present in bottle A.
ii) Which carbonyl compound in test tube B gives a silver mirror formation
on heating with compound A.
iii) Write a general chemical reaction taking place between chemical A and
B.
23 3

From the given data of Eo values, answer the following questions:

(i) Why is Eo (Cu2+/Cu) value exceptionally positive?
(ii) Why is Eo (Mn2+/Mn) value highly negative as compared to other
elements?
(iii) Which is a stronger reducing agent Cr2+ or Fe2+ ? Give reason.
24 When a brown compound of manganese (A) is treated with HCl it gives a gas (B). 3
The gas taken in excess, reacts with NH3 to give an explosive compound (C).
Identify compounds A and B
25 Account for the following: 3
(i) Mn2O7 is acidic whereas MnO is basic.
(ii) Though copper has completely filled d-orbital (d10) yet it is considered as
 a transition metal.
(iii) Actinoids show wide range of oxidation states.
26 The elements of 3d transition series are given as: Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, 3
Zn
Answer the following:
(i) Copper has exceptionally positive EoM+2/ Mo value. Why?
(ii) Which element is a strong reducing agent in +2 oxidation state and why?
(iii) Zn2+ salts are colourless. Why?
27 Substance D is used for the bleaching of wool, cotton, silk and other textile fibres 3
and for the decolourisation of oils. It is dark purple in colour and is almost insoluble
in water. The shape of the molecule is tetrahedral.
a) Calculate the magnetic moment of this substance.
b) What is the magnetic nature of the compound D?
c) What is the bond angle of the central metal atom with the other atoms?
28 Compare the chemistry of the actinoids with that of lanthanoids with reference to: 3
(i) electronic configuration (ii) oxidation states and (iii) Radioactivity.
SECTION D
The following questions are case -based questions. Read the passage carefully
and answer the questions that follows.
29 The transition elements have incompletely filled d-subshells in their ground state or
in any of their oxidation states. The transition elements occupy position in between
s- and p-blocks in groups 3-12 of the Periodic table. Starting from fourth period,
transition elements consists of four complete series : Sc to Zn, Y to Cd and La, Hf to
Hg and Ac, Rf to Cn. In general, the electronic configuration of outer orbitals of
these elements is (n – 1) d1–10 ns1–2 . The electronic configurations of outer orbitals of
Zn, Cd, Hg and Cn are represented by the general formula (n – 1) d10 ns2 . All the
transition elements have typical metallic properties such as high tensile strength,
ductility, malleability. Except mercury, which is liquid at room temperature, other
transition elements have typical metallic structures. The transition metals and their
compounds also exhibit catalytic property and paramagnetic behaviour. Transition
metal also forms alloys. An alloy is a blend of metals prepared by mixing the
components. Alloys may be homogeneous solid solutions in which the atoms of one
metal are distributed randomly among the atoms of the other.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate
answer:
(i) Which characteristics of transition metals is associated with higher catalytic
1
activity?
 (ii) Why transition elements form alloys easily? 1
(iii) Which one of the following outer orbital configurations may exhibit the
2
largest number of oxidation states and why?
(a) 3d5 4s1 (b) 3d5 4s2 (c) 3d2 4s2 (d) 3d3 4s2
OR
2
Why Zn, Cd , Hg are not considered as transition metals? Mention any one
property that is different from transition metals.
30 Potassium permanganate, (KMnO4) is prepared by fusion of pyrolusite, MnO2 with
KOH in the presence of an oxidising agent like KNO3. This produces the dark green
potassium manganate, K2MnO4 which disproportionates in a neutral or acidic
solution to give purple permanganate ion. Potassium permanganate is an important
oxidising agent in acidic, alkaline as well as neutral medium.
Answer any four
1. What is the state of hybridisation of Mn in MnO4 – ? 1˟4
2. Write an application of potassium permanganate.
3. What are the products formed after heating potassium permanganate?
4. How many electrons are involved in oxidation by KMnO4 in an acidic medium?
5. Draw the structure of permanganate ion. Is it paramagnetic or diamagnetic?
SECTION E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each.
31 A. Shown below is a step-wise process for the formation of an orange-coloured 3+2
crystalline compound C. Write the chemical reactions to show the formation
of compounds A, B, and C.

B. Give reason(any 2)
(i) Ti3+ is coloured whereas Sc3+ is colourless in aqueous solution
(ii) Mn(III) undergoes disproportionation reaction
(iii)Zirconium and Hafnium have almost similar atomic radii
32 A. Give reason: 3+2
 (i) Copper are considered transition metals even though they have completely
filled d-orbitals
(ii) Separation of a mixture of lanthanoid element is difficult
(iii) Zn ,Cd and Hg are soft metals with low melting points
B. Write the equation for preparation of the following:
(i) Na2Cr2O7 from Na2CrO4
(ii) K2MnO4 from MnO2
33 Assign reasons for the following: 5
(i) The enthalpies of atomisation of transition elements are high.
(ii) The transition metals and many of their compounds act as good catalysts.
(iii) From element to element, the actinoid contraction is greater than the
lanthanoid contraction.
(iv) The E0 value for the Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is much more positive than that of
Cr3+/Cr2+.
(v) Scandium (Z = 21) does not exhibit variable oxidation states and yet it is
regarded as a transition element.

V.COORDINATION COMPOUNDS (MLL)

SECTION A
The following questions are multiple -choice questions with one correct
answer. Each question carries 1 mark.
1 The core atom of which of the following biologically significant coordination 1
molecules is cobalt ?
A. Vitamin B12
B. Haemoglobin
C. Chlorophyll
D. Carboxypeptidase-A
2 What is the primary and secondary valency of metal ion in the complex 1
[Co(en)2CI2]NO3 ?
a) 4 & 4
b) 6 & 6
 c) 3 & 4
d) 3 & 6
3 Which pair of ions is colourless : 1
a) Mn +3, Co 3+
b) Fe3+, Cr+3
c) Zn2+, Sc3+
d) Ti2+, Cu2+
4 A co-ordination compound Pentaaminechloridocobalt(III)sulfate is dissolved in 1
water. When a few drops of chemical 'A' is added to the solution, it gives white
precipitate. Identify chemical 'A'.
a). AgCl b) AgNO3 c) BaSO4 d) BaCl2
5 In the complex compound Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 ,oxidation states of counter ion Fe and 1
central metal ion Fe respectively are;
A. II, III B. III, II C. IV, III D. II, II
6 In an octahedral coordination entity the metal ion is surrounded by 6 Fions. If 1
crystal field splitting energy for this complex is Δ0 and electron pairing energy is
P then which of the following expression is correct about the complex?
A. Δ0 = P B. Δ0 < P C. Δ0 > P D. Δ0 ≥ P
7 The correct IUPAC name of [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] is 1
(a) diamminedichloridoplatinum (II) (b) diamminedichloridoplatinum (IV)
(c) diamminedichloridoplatinum (0) (d) dichloridodiammineplatinum (IV)
8 A chelating agent has two or more than two donor atoms to bind to a single metal 1
ion. Which of the following is not a chelating agent?
(a) Thiosulphato (b) Oxalato
(c) Glycinato (d) Ethane-1,2-diamine
9 Atomic number of Mn, Fe, Co and Ni are 25, 26 27 and 28 respectively. Which of 1
the following outer orbital octahedral complexes have same number of unpaired
electrons?
(a) [MnCl6] 3– (b) [FeF6] 3– (c) [CoF6] 3– (d) [Ni(NH3)6] 2+
10 Which of the following species is not expected to be a ligand? 1
(a) NO (b) NH4 + (c) NH2CH2CH2NH2 (d) CO
11 Ziegler-Natta catalyst is TiCl4 dissolved in 1
(a) triethylaluminium (b) ether (c) water (d) ammonia
12 Due to the presence of ambidentate ligands coordination compounds show 1
isomerism. Palladium complexes of the type [Pd(C6H5)2(SCN)2] and
[Pd(C6H5)2(NCS)2] are
(a) linkage isomers (b) coordination isomers
(c) ionisation isomers (d) geometrical isomers
Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
13 Assertion: Linkage isomerism arises in coordination compounds containing 1
ambidentate ligand.
Reason: Ambidentate ligand has two different donor atoms.
14 Assertion : Change in colour of acidic solution of potassium dichromate by breath 1
is used to test drunk drivers.
Reason : Change in colour is due to the complexation of alcohol with potassium
dichromate.
15 Assertion(A) : ([Fe(CN)6 ] 3– ion shows magnetic moment corresponding to two 1
unpaired electrons.
Reason (R): Because it has d2sp3 type hybridisation
16 Assertion (A) : Toxic metal ions are removed by the chelating ligands. 1
Reason (R) : Chelate complexes tend to be more stable
SECTION B
The following questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17 In an unknown complex [M(X)4], the oxidation state of central metal is zero i.e.M 2
(0). If in an experiment metal M is found to be Ni then predict whether the ligand
X in the formula is CO or CN to give a stable complex. Justify your answer and
predict the shape of the molecule
18 (i) A co-ordination compound [Co(X)6] 3- shows d2 sp3 hybridisation. 2
(i)Identify the nature of ligand x as weak or strong.
(ii) Explain how does the presence of ligand X affect crystal field splitting energy
 Δ0 and pairing energy P. (atomic number of Cobalt is 27)
19 [NiCl4] 2- is paramagnetic while [Ni(CO)4] is diamagnetic though both are 2
tetrahedral. Why?
20 A coordination complex compound of Cr+3 is homoleptic and optically active. 2
Draw the structures of optical isomers of the compound if the general formula of
the complex is [M(AA)3] 3+where M= Cr and (AA) = didentate ligand.
21 In an experiment Test Tube 'A' contains FeSO4(NH4)2SO4.6H2O solution and test 2
tube 'B' contains K3[Fe(C2O4)3] solution. On adding few drops of KSCN in the
two test tubes, solution of one of the test tubes turns into red.
i) Identify which out of two solutions in the test tubes 'A' or 'B' turns into
red?
ii) Give reason why does one solution give red colour precipitate with
KSCN but other solution does not show any change.
SECTION C
The following questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each
22 The image given below shows bonding in a carbonyl compound. 3

Answer the following questions to describe the bonding in the metal carbonyl.
i) What type of bond is formed by the donation of a lone pair of electrons
of CO to central metal ion?
ii) What type of interaction between metal and CO ligands creates a
synergic effect?
iii) How is Δ0 value affected by the interaction of CO ligands and metal
ion in metal carbonyl?
23 One mole of an isomer of complex [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 when treated with AgNO3 3
produces 2 moles of a white precipitate of AgCl. Write the formula of this isomer
of the complex and show how the metal-ligand bonding differs in the two isomers
though both are octahedral.
24 What is crystal field splitting energy? How does the magnitude of Δ0 decide the 3
actual configuration of d-orbitals in a coordination entity?
25 A. Give evidence that [Co(NH3)5Cl]S04 and [Co(NH3)5S04]Cl are ionisation 3
isomers.
B. Write the IUPAC name of linkage isomer of[Co(NH3)4Cl(N02)]Cl
26 Write the name, the structure and the magnetic behaviour of (any 2) of the 3
following complexes:
(i) [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NO2)] (ii) [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl (iii) [Ni(CO)4]
(At. nos. Co = 27, Ni = 28, Pt = 78)
27 (i) What type of isomerism is shown by the complex [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3? 3
(ii) On the basis of crystal field theory, write the electronic configuration
for d4 ion if Δ0 > P.
(iii) Write the hybridisation and shape of [CoF6] 3–.
(Atomic number of Co = 27)
28 Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds: 3
(i) tris (ethane-1, 2-diamine) chromium(III) chloride
(ii) amminebromidochloridonitrito-N-platinate(II)
(iii) dichloridobis(ethane-1, 2-diamine)platinum(IV) nitrate
SECTION D
The following questions are case -based questions. Each question has an
internal choice and carries 4 (1+1+2) marks each. Read the passage carefully
and answer the questions that follows.
29 Complex compounds play an important role in our daily life. Werner's theory of
complex compounds says every metal atom or ion has primary valency (oxidation
state) which is satisfied by -vely charged ions, ionisable where secondary valency
(coordination number) is non-ionisable, satisfied by Iigands (+ve, -ve, neutral) but
having lone pair. Primary valency is non-directional, secondary valency is
directional. Complex compounds are name according to IUPAC system. Valence
bond theory helps in determining shapes of complexes based on hybridisation,
magnetic properties, outer or inner orbital complex. Complex show ionisation,
linkage, solvate and coordination isomerism also called structural isomerism.
 Some of them also show stereoisomerism i.e. geometrical and optical isomerism.
Ambidentate ligand are essential to show linkage isomerism. Polydentate Iigands
form more stable complexes then unidentate Iigands. There are called ehelating
agents. EDTA is used to treat lead poisoning, cis-platin as anticancer agents.
Vitamin B12 is complex of cobalt. Haemoglobin, oxygen carrier is complex of 1
Fe2+ and chlorophyll essential for photosynthesis is complex of Mg2+. 1
(a) Name the hexadentate ligand used for treatment of lead poisoning. 1
(b) Out [Fe(CO)5], [Fe(C2 O4 )3]3-, [Fe(H2O6)3+, [Fe(CN)6]3-, which is most stable? 1
(c) What type of isomerism is shown by [Cr(H2O)6] CI3 and [Cr(H2O)5 CI] CI2 .
H2O?
(d) What are ambidentate ligands?
30 Transition metals form complex compounds which playa very important role in
our daily life. Complexes are also formed by other groups elements e.g.
Chlorophyll is coordination compound of Mg. Organometallic compounds like
Grignard reagent is most useful in organic chemistry. Complexes are used in
medicines, analytical chemistry, qualitative analysis, electroplating, biological
processes. Stability of complexes depends upon charge on central metal ion,
strength of ligand. Counter ions outside the coordination entity are ionisable but
inside the coordination sphere are not ionisable. 1
(a) Name a complex used as anticancer agent? 1
(b) What is coordination number of Co in [Co(en)3]3+ and why? 1
(c) Name a complex used for determining hardness of water. What is its denticity? 1
(d) How is undecomposed AgBr removed from photographic film? Write the
reaction involved?
SECTION E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each.
31 A. When a co-ordination compound CrCl3.6H2O is mixed with AgNO3, 2 moles of 2+3
AgCl are precipitated per mole of the compound. Write
(i) Structural formula of the complex.
(ii) IUPAC name of the complex.
B. Discuss briefly giving an example in each case the role of coordination
compounds in(any 3):
(i) Biological systems
 (ii) Analytical chemistry
(iii) Medicinal chemistry and
(iv) Extraction/Metallurgy of metals.
32 A. The hexaaqua manganese(II) ion contains five unpaired electrons while the
hexacyano ion contains only one unpaired electron. Explain using crystal 2+3
field theory.
B. Explain [Co(NH3)6] 3+ is an inner orbital complex whereas [Ni(NH3)6] 2+ is
an outer orbital complex.
33 A. What is spectrochemical series? Explain the difference between a weak
field ligand and a strong field ligand.
B. A solution of [Ni(H2O)6] 2+ is green but a solution of [Ni(CN)4] 2– is
colourless. Explain. 2+3

VI. HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES (MLL)

SECTION A
The following questions are multiple -choice questions with one correct answer.
Each question carries 1 mark.
1 The table below shows some of the features of SN1 and SN2 reaction mechanisms. 1

Which of the rows shows an INCORRECT feature for at least one of the
mechanisms?
A. A B. B C. C D. D
2 Which of the following compounds will be hydrolysed most rapidly under similar 1
reaction conditions?
 A. 1-chloropropane B. 1-chlorobutane
C. 2-chloro-2-methylpropane D. 2-chlorobutane
3 Which of the following molecules exhibits optical isomerism? 1
A. 3-iodopentane B. 2-iodo-2-methylpropane
C. 1,3-diiodopropane D. 2-iodobutane
4 In which of the following molecules carbon atom marked with asterisk (*) is 1
asymmetric?

(a) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) (b) (i), (ii), (iii) (c) (ii), (iii), (iv) (d) (i), (iii), (iv)
5 Alkyl halides undergoing nucleophilic bimolecular substitution involve 1
(a) retention of configuration (b) racemic mixture
(c) inversion of configuration (d) formation of carbocation
6 Which of the following is a vinylic halide? 1
a) CH2=CHCHCl2
b) CH3CHClCH3
c) (CH3)2C=CHCH2Cl
d) CH3CH=CClCH2CH3
7 Observe the given reaction. 1

Which of the following products will be formed as P?

 A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
8 Which of the following molecules exhibits optical isomerism? 1
A. 3-iodopentane B. 2-iodo-2-methylpropane
C. 1,3-diiodopropane D. 2-iodobutane
9 Toluene reacts with a halogen in the presence of iron (III) chloride giving ortho and 1
para halo compounds. The reaction is ________________.
(a) Electrophilic elimination reaction (b) Electrophilic substitution reaction
(c) Free radical addition reaction (d) Nucleophilic substitution reaction
10 Match the structures given in Column I with the names in Column II. 1

A) i-a, ii-b ,iii-c, iv-d B) i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c

C) i-d, ii-b ,iii-c, iv-a D) i-a, ii-d, iii-c, iv-b
11 Alkyl fluorides are synthesised by heating an alkyl chloride/bromide in presence of_ 1
(A) Ca F2 (B) PF3 (C) Hg2F2 (D) NaF

12 Given below are four haloalkane compounds. 1

tert-bromobutane, tert-iodobutane, iodobutane, bromobutane
 Which of them would be the most easily undergo SN1 and SN2 reactions?

A. P B. Q C. R D. S
Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
13 Assertion (A) : The boiling points of alkyl halides decrease in the order: 1
RI > RBr > RCl > RF
Reason (R) : The boiling points of alkyl chlorides, bromides and iodides are
considerably higher than that of the hydrocarbon of comparable molecular mass
14 Assertion (A) : KCN reacts with methyl chloride to give methyl isocyanide 1
Reason (R) : CN– is an ambident nucleophile.
15 Assertion (A) : It is difficult to replace chlorine by –OH in chlorobenzene in 1
comparison to that in chloroethane.
Reason (R) : Chlorine-carbon (C—Cl) bond in chlorobenzene has a partial double
bond character due to resonance.
16 Assertion (A) : tert-Butyl bromide undergoes Wurtz reaction to give 2, 2, 3, 3- 1
tetramethylbutane.
Reason (R) : In Wurtz reaction, alkyl halides react with sodium in dry ether to give
hydrocarbon containing double the number of carbon atoms present in the halide.

SECTION B
 The following questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17 Write the mechanism of the following reaction: 2
EtOH –H O
n BuBr + KCN 2 nBuCN
18 The image below shows different stages for a SN1 reaction. 2

Which out of the two stages, X and Y, will be slower and why?
19 The treatment of alkyl chlorides with aqueous KOH leads to the formation of alcohols 2
but in presence of alcoholic KOH, alkenes are major products. Explain.
20 Arrange each set of compounds in order of increasing : 2
(i) Bromomethane, bromoform, chloromethane, dibromomethane(boiling point)
(ii) 1- Chloropropane, isopropylchloride, 1- chlorobutane.(SN1 reaction)
21 What are ambident nucleophiles? Explain with an example 2
SECTION C
The following questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each
22 Explain why 3
(i) the dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexyl
chloride?
(ii) alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water?
(iii) Grignard reagents should be prepared under anhydrous conditions?
23 Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards SN2 displacement: 3
(i) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane.
(ii) 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-3-
methylbutane.
(iii) 1-Bromobutane, 1-Bromo-2, 2-dimethylpropane, 1-Bromo-2-
methylbutane,
 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane.
24 For each of the following combinations of reagents and conditions, suggest whether 3
substitution or elimination will predominate. Justify your answer.
(p) heating CH3CH2CH2Br with aqueous NaOH
(q) heating (CH3)3CBr with NaOH in ethanol
(r) heating (CH3)2CHBr with (CH3)3CO-K +
25 Carry out the following conversion: 3
(i) 2-Bromopropane to 1-bromopropane
(ii) Chloroethane to butane
(iii)Benzene dizonium chloride to Iodobenzene
26 When 1-bromo-2methylpropane is heated with aqueous alkali, it gives 3
2- methylpropan-1-ol. Nanda suggested the following mechanism for this reaction.

Identify three mistakes in the mechanism shown by Nanda.

27 Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following 3
halides with sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene.
(i) 1-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexane
(ii) 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane
(iii) 2, 2, 3-Trimethyl-3-bromopentane.
28 What happens when 3
(i) n-butyl chloride is treated with alcoholic KOH,
(ii) bromobenzene is treated with Mg in the presence of dry ether,
(iii) ethyl chloride is treated with aqueous KOH,
SECTION D
The following questions are case -based questions. Each question has an internal
choice and carries 4 (1+1+2) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer
the questions that follows.
29 Chloroflouro carbon (CFC) compounds of methane and ethane are collectively known
 as freons. They are non-inflammable , extremely stable, non-toxic, noncorrosive and
low boiling liquids. CFC and gas emitted from the exhaust system of supersonics
aeroplanes might be slowly depleting the concentration of the ozone layer in the upper
atmosphere. Answer the following questions on the basis oy your knowledge .in this
topic 1x4
1. Write the formula of freon.
2. Give two uses of chloroflourocarbons.
3. How does freon-12 deplete ozone layer?
4. Do you think the use of CFCs should be banned? Give reason.
30 Methyl chloride, methyl bromide, ethyl chloride and some chlorofluoromethanes are
gases at room temperature. Higher members are liquids or solids. As we have already
learnt, molecules of organic halogen compounds are generally polar. Due to greater
polarity as well as higher molecular mass as compared to the parent hydrocarbon, the
intermolecular forces of attraction (dipole-dipole and van der Waals) are stronger in
the halogen derivatives. That is why the boiling points of chlorides, bromides and
iodides are considerably higher than those of the hydrocarbons of comparable
molecular mass. The attractions get stronger as the molecules get bigger in size and
have more electrons.
i)Draw all the possible isomers structure of bromobutane and arrange them in 2
increasing order of boiling points.
ii)Even though haloalkanes are polar compounds these compounds are least soluble 1
in water. Why?
iii) How will you distinguish between chloroethane and bromoethane? 1
SECTION E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each.
31 Primary alkyl halide C4H9Br (a) reacted with alcoholic KOH to give compound (b). 5
Compound (b) is reacted with HBr to give (c) which is an isomer of (a). When (a) is
reacted with sodium metal, it gives compound (d), C8H18 which is different from the
compound formed when n-butyl bromide is reacted with sodium. Give the structural
formula of (a) and write the equations for all the reactions
32 Write the equation for following named reactions 5
 i. Diazotization
ii. Sandmeyer
iii. Gattermann
iv. Finkelstien
v. Swarts
33 Identify A, B , C, D and E in the following:- 1x5

VII. ALCOHOL, PHENOL AND ETHER (MLL)

SECTION A
The following questions are multiple -choice questions with one correct
answer. Each question carries 1 mark.
1 Methoxy methane on treatment with excess hydrogen iodide yields 1
A. methanol as the only product.
B. an equimolar mixture of methyl iodide and methanol
C. methyl iodide as the only product
D. methanol as the major product with a little methyl iodide
2 Identify the electrophile in the following reaction. 1

A. -CCl3 B. :CCl2 C. +CHCl2 D. +CHO

3 What is the correct order of reactivity of alcohols in the following reaction? 1
 a) 1° > 2° > 3° b) 1° < 2° > 3° c) 3° > 2° > 1° d) 3° > 1° > 2°
4 𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝐻2𝑂𝐻 can be converted into 𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝐻𝑂 by ______________. 1
a) catalytic hydrogenation c) treatment with 𝐿𝑖𝐴𝑙𝐻4
b) treatment with pyridinium chlorochromate d) treatment with 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4
5 Phenol is less acidic than 1
a) Ethanol b) o-nitrophenol c) o-methylphenol d) o-methoxyphenol
6 IUPAC name of the following compound 1

a) 1-methoxy-1-methylethane c) 2-methoxypropane
b) 2-methoxy-2-methylethane d) isopropylmethyl ether
7 Compound ‘A’ of molecular formula C4H10O on treatment with Lucas reagent at 1
room temperature gives a compound ‘B’.When compound‘B’ is heated with
alcoholic KOH, it gives isobutene. Compound ‘A’ and ‘B’ are respectively
(a) 2-methyl-2propanol and 2-chloro-2-mehtyl-propane
(b) 2-methyl-1-propanol and 1-chloro-2methyl-propane
(c) 2-methyl-1-propanol and 2-chloro-2methyl-propane
(d) butan-2-ol and 2-chlorobutane
8 Which of the following reagent may be used to distinguish between phenol and 1
benzoic acid?
(a) Neutral FeCl3 (b) Aqueous NaOH
(c) Tollen’s reagent (d) Molisch reagent
9 Vapours of an alcohol X when passed over hot reduced copper, produce an alkene, 1
the alcohol is
(a) primary alcohol (b) secondary alcohol
(c) tertiary alcohol (d) dihydric alcohol
10 A tertiary alcohol is obtained by the reaction of Grignard reagent with: 1
(a) Butanone (b) Propanone (c) Acetone (d) All of the above
11 Iodoform test is not given by 1
 (a) Ethanol (b) Ethanal (c) Pentan-2-one (d) Pentan-3-one
12 Identify following reaction: 1

(a) Wurtz Reaction (b) Etard Reaction

(c) Reimer Tiemann Reaction (d) Kolbe Reaction
Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
13 Assertion (A): The carbon–oxygen bond length in phenol is slightly less than that 1
in methanol.
Reason (R): The hybridised state of carbon to which oxygen is attached sp3 in
phenol.
14 Assertion (A): The addition of diborane to alkene followed by treatment with 1
alkaline H2O2 yields alcohols.
Reason (R): Hydroboration is an addition reaction, where a C-C pi bond is
broken, and two new single bonds to C are formed
15 Assertion(A): Phenols are more acidic than aliphatic alcohols. 1
Reason(R): The phenoxide ion is more resonance stabilised than alkoxide ion.
16 Assertion(A): Phenol is more reactive than benzene towards electrophilic 1
substitution reaction.
Reason(R): In case of phenol, the intermediate carbocation is more stabilized by
resonance
SECTION B
The following questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17 To prepare n-propyl ethyl ether, Kavita heats a mixture of n-propyl alcohol and 2
ethyl alcohol in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid. Is this a good method
to prepare the product? Give reasons to your answer.
18 Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their boiling point. 2
a.Propan-1-ol, Butan-1-ol, Butan-2-ol and Pentan-1-ol.
b.Pentanal, n-Butane, Ethoxyethane and Pentan-1-ol.
19 Write the mechanism of acid catalysed hydration of alkenes. 2
20 Write the mechanism of acid catalysed dehydration of ethanol to yield ethene at 2
443K.
21 Write the mechanism of dehydration of Alcohol to form Ether at 413 K. 2
SECTION C
The following questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each
22 Give the major products that are formed by heating each of the following ethers 3
with HI.

23 Give the structures and IUPAC names of the products expected from the following 3
reactions:
(a) Catalytic reduction of butanal.
(b) Hydration of propene in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid.
(c) Reaction of propanone with methyl magnesium bromide followed by
hydrolysis.
24 An organic compound A with molecular formula C8H16O2 was hydrolysed with 3
sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid B and alcohol C. Oxidation of C with
chromic acid produced B. C on dehydration gives but-1-ene. Write reactions
involved.
25 Give the major products that are formed by heating each of the following ethers 3
 with HI :

26 A. Williamson’s process is used for the preparation of ethers from alkyl 3

halide. Identify the alkyl bromide and sodium alkoxide used for the
preparation of 2- Ethoxy-3-methylpentane
B. An organic compound A which is a Grignard reagent is used to obtain
2-methylbutan-2-ol on reaction with a carbonyl compound ‘B’ . Identify
A’ and ‘B’. Write the equation for the reaction between A and B.
27 Draw the structures of all isomeric alcohols of molecular formula C5H12O and give 3
their IUPAC names.
28 Give one chemical test each to distinguish between the following pairs of 3
compounds:
(i) Phenol and Benzoic acid
(ii) Propan-1-ol and Propan-2-ol
(iii) Methanol and ethanol.
SECTION D
The following questions are case -based questions Read the passage carefully
and answer the questions that follows.
29 Both alcohols and phenols are acidic in nature, but phenols are more acidic than
alcohols. Acidic strength of alcohols mainly depends upon the inductive effect.
Acidic strength of phenols depends upon a combination of both inductive effect
and resonance effects of the substituent and its position on the benzene ring.
Electron withdrawing groups increases the acidic strength of phenols whereas
electron donating groups decreases the acidic strength of phenols. Phenol is a
weaker acid than carboxylic acid.
1. Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their acid 1
strength:
Propan-1-ol, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 3,5-dinitrophenol,
 phenol, 4- methylphenol
2. Alcohols act as Bronsted bases also. Explain 1
3. Draw the resonating structures of phenol and phenoxide ions 2
OR
Explain why phenoxide ion is more stable than phenol 2
30 Alcohols play very important role in our daily life. Ordinary sprit used as an
antiseptic contains methanol. Ethanol is present in cough syrups, tonics, wine, beer
and whisky, Sugar, starch, cellulose are carbohydrates which also contain large
number -OH groups. Phenol is also an antiseptic in low concentration (0.2%)
where as 2% solution of phenol is used as disinfectant. The fragrance of rose is
due to citronellol (unsaturated alcohol). Phenol is used for preparation of many
useful compounds like aspirin, methyl salicylate (Iodex) and phenyl salicylate
(salol) used as intestinal antiseptic.
(a) How is phenol prepared from cumene? What is advantage of this method? 1
(b) Convert phenol to picric acid 1
(d) Distinguish between phenol and benzyl alcohol? 1
(e) Why does phenol turn pink after long standing? 1

SECTION E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each.
31 Give reasons for the following: - 2+3
(a) Alcohols are more soluble in water than the hydrocarbon of comparable
molecular masses.
(b) Lower alcohols are soluble in water higher alcohols are not.
(c) Ortho nitro phenol is more acidic than Ortho-methoxyphenol.
(d) 2,4,6-trinitrophenol gives sodium bicarbonate test.
(e) Alcohol reacts with sodium metal whereas ether do not.
32 A. An organic compound A (C6H6O) gives a characteristic colour with 2+3
aq.FeCl3 solution. (A) On reacting with CO2 and NaOH at 400 K under
pressure gives (B) which on acidification gives a compound (C). The
compound (C) reacts with acetyl chloride to give (D) which is a popular
 pain killer. Deduce the structure of A, B, C& D.
B. Anupam wanted to prepare alcohol using methyl magnesium bromide. He
took three different compounds P, Q, and R.
–Compound P forms an alcohol with molecular formula C2H6O.
-Compounds Q and R are isomers with the molecular formula C3H6O.
-Compound Q does not form any silver mirror with Tollen's reagent.
(a) Give the IUPAC name of compound P.
(b) Give the IUPAC names of the compounds formed from Q and R.
(c) Write the reaction showing the formation of the primary and tertiary
alcohols
33 Write the following name reaction: 1x5
a) Kolbe’s reaction
b) Reimer-Tiemann reaction
c) Williamson synthesis
d) Hydroboration
e) Esterification

VIII. ALDEHYDE , KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACID (MLL)

SECTION A
The following questions are multiple -choice questions with one correct
answer. Each question carries 1 mark.
1 A carbonyl compound X does NOT give a reddish-brown precipitate on heating 1
with Fehling's solution. Which of the following could compound X be?
(i) Propanal (ii) Diethyl ketone (iii) 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde
A. only (iii) and (iv) B. only (ii) C. either (i) or (iii) D. either (ii) or (iii)
2 Which of the following compounds will give butanone on oxidation with alkaline 1
 KMnO4 solution?
(a) Butan-1-ol (b) Butan-2-ol (c) Both of these (d) None of these
3 The formation of cyanohydrin from propanone is which type of reaction? 1
(a) Electrophilic substitution (b) Nucleophilic substitution
(c) Electrophilic addition (d) Nucleophilic addition
4 Which of the following reactions will not result in the formation of carbon-carbon 1
bond?
(a) Friedel-Crafts acylation (b) Wurtz reaction
(c) Cannizzaro reaction (d) Reimer-Tiemann reaction
5 The acid formed when propyl magnesium bromide is treated with CO2 is : 1
(a) C3H7COOH (b) C2H5COOH (c) both (d) None of these
6 Which of the following compounds will give brisk effervescence of CO2 on 1
treatment with NaHCO3?
(a) Phenol (b) Acetic acid (c) both (d) None of these
7 The reagent which does not react with both, acetone and benzaldehyde. 1
A. Sodium hydrogensulphite
B. Phenyl hydrazine
C. Fehling’s solution
D. Grignard reagent
8 Identify the reagent for the conversion of But-2-ene to ethanal. 1
A. O3/H2O-Zn dust
B. H2O, H2SO4, HgSO4
C. PCC
D. DIBAL-H
9 __________ is commonly used as a food preservative. 1
A. Sodium benzoate
B. Potassium benzoate
C. Terephthalic acid
D. Acetic acid
10 Which of the following compounds are produced in an aldol condensation reaction 1
 of acetaldehyde and propanone?

A. only P B. only P and Q C. only P, Q and R D. all - P, Q, R and S

11 A carbonyl compound X undergoes the reactions given in the table below. 1

Reaction Result
Tollens' test +ve
Iodoform test +ve
Aldol condensation Forms aldol product

. Which of the following could compound X be?

A. CH3 - CH2 - CHO B. CH3 - CO - CH3 C. CH3 - CHO D. H-CHO
12 A carbonyl compound produces iodoform on reaction with sodium hypoiodite. 1
Which of the following could the carbonyl compound be?
(i) CH3 - CH2- CHO (ii) CH3 - CH2 - CO - CH2 - CH3
(iii) CH3 - CHO (iv) CH3 - CH2 - CO - CH3
A. only (i) B. only (i) and (iii) C. only (ii) and (iv) D. only
(iii) and (iv)
Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
 D. A is false but R is true
13 Assertion (A) : Aldehydes and ketones, both react with Tollens’ reagent to form 1
silver mirror.
Reason (R) : Both, aldehydes and ketones contain a carbonyl group
14 Assertion (A) : Benzoic acid does not undergo Friedel-crafts reaction. 1
Reason (R) : The carboxyl group is activating and undergo electrophilic
substitution reaction
15 Assertion (A) : The solubility of aldehydes and ketones in water decreases with 1
increase in the size of alkyl group.
Reason (R) : Alkyl groups are electron-repelling groups.
16 Assertion (A) : The a-hydrogen atom in carbonyl compounds is less acidic. 1
Reason (R) : The anion formed after the loss of a-hydrogen atom is resonance
stabilised.
SECTION B
The following questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17 Esterification of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of mineral acid 2
as catalyst is a reversible reaction. Suggest two things that can be done with the
products formed to push the reaction in the forward direction.
18 A carbon compound of molecular formula C3H6O contains a ketone functional 2
group. Draw the structural formulae of two compounds having the same molecular
formula as above but with a different functional group containing an oxygen atom.
19 Both aldehydes and ketones produce carboxylic acids on oxidation. 2
(a) With respect to the number of carbon atoms, state the difference in the
carboxylic acids formed when:
(i) an aldehyde is used as a reactant
(ii) a ketone is used as a reactant.
(b) Give one reason for this difference in each case.
20 Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity in 2
nucleophilic addition reactions.
(i) Ethanal, Propanal, Propanone, Butanone
(ii) Benzaldehyde, p-Tolualdehyde, p-Nitrobenzaldehyde, Acetophenone
21 Although phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than 2
carboxylate ion, carboxylic acid is stronger acid than phenol. Why?
SECTION C
The following questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each
22 (a) Write the chemical equation for the Haloform reaction of acetone with sodium 3
hypochlorite solution.
(b) Will 3-pentanone undergo the Haloform reaction with sodium hypochlorite?
Justify your answer.
(c) Name the one aldehyde that also undergoes the Haloform reaction.
23 Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature. 3
(i) CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CHO
(ii) CH3COCH2COCH3
(iii) (CH3)3CCH2COOH
24 How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds? 3
(i) Butane-1, 3-diol (ii) But-2-enal (iii) But-2-enoic acid.
25 Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as 3
indicated:
(i) Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Di-tert-butyl ketone, Methyl tert-butyl ketone
(reactivity towards HCN).
(ii) CH3CH2CH(Br)COOH, CH3CH(Br)CH2COOH, (CH3)2CHCOOH,
CH3CH2CH2COOH (acid strength).
(iii) Benzoic acid, 4-nitrobenzoic acid, 3, 4-dinitrobenzoic acid, 4-methoxy
benzoic acid (acid strength).
26 Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of 3
compounds:
(i) Propanal and Propanone
(ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone
(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid
27 What is meant by the following terms? Give an example of the reaction in each 3
case.
(i) Acetal (ii) Hemiacetal (iii) Ketal
28 One of the products of an aldol reaction is given below. 3

(a) Name and write the structures of the reactants.

(b) Name the electrophile involved in the formation of the product above.
SECTION D
The following questions are case -based questions. Read the passage carefully
and answer the questions that follows.
29 Carboxylic acids are the most acidic amongst all the organic compounds studied
so far. However, carboxylic acids are much weaker acids than the mineral acids.
Carboxylic acids are more acidic than alcohols and phenols due to the less
electrophilic nature of carboxyl carbon which puts a partial positive charge on the
hydroxyl O-atom. The value of Ka is a measure of the acidic strength of an acid.
Greater the value of Ka, greater is the tendency of the acid to ionize and hence
stronger is the acid. The acidic strength of saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids
depends mainly upon the inductive effect of the substituent and its position with
respect to —COOH group. Electron-donating substituents tend to decrease
whereas electron-withdrawing substituents tend to increase the acidic strength.
The acidic strength of aromatic carboxylic acids, on the other hand depends upon
both the inductive and the resonance effect of the substituents.
1. What is meant by ‘acidity constant’ Ka? How is it expressed? 1
2. What makes ethanoic acid a stronger acid than ethanol? 1
3. Why is pKa of chloroacetic acid lower than pKa of acetic acid? 1
4. Arrange the following in the decreasing order of their acidic character: 1
CH3CH2OH, CH3COOH, ClCH2COOH, FCH2COOH, C6H5CH2COOH
30 Aldehydes and ketones are highly reactive compounds. Since both these classes of
organic compounds have the same functional group, i.e., polarized carbonyl group,
they show a number of common reactions. However, the presence of a H-atom on
the carbonyl group of aldehydes make them much more reactive than ketones. At
the same time, this H-atom is responsible for many reactions in which aldehydes
 differ from ketones. The carbonyl group ) C—O — ) undergoes nucleophilic
addition reactions due to electronegativity difference between carbon and oxygen
atoms. Aldehydes and ketones react with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to yield
cyanohydrins. Further aldehydes and ketones having atleast one -H atom in the
presence of dilute alkali as a catalyst form β-hydroxy aldehyde (aldol) or β-
hydroxy ketones (ketol). This reaction is known as aldol condensation. Aldehydes
which do not have an -hydrogen undergo disproportionation reaction in the
presence of concentrated alkali giving a mixture of alcohol and salt of carboxylic
acid. This reaction is called Cannizzaro reaction. Cannizzaro reaction involves a
hydride ion shift from the carbonyl carbon that is attacked by the base to another
carbonyl carbon. Since, there is no hydrogen attached to the carbonyl carbon in a
ketone therefore it does not undergo Cannizzaro reaction.
1. Propose the mechanism for the following reaction: 2
HCHO +HCN → cyanohidrin
2. Propanone is less reactive than ethanal towards nucleophilic addition 1
reactions. Why?
3. How will you convert ethanal to 2-hydroxy propanoic acid 1
OR
Write the reaction and name of the products when acetone undergoes aldol 1
condensation?
SECTION E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each.
31 A. An organic compound with molecular formula C9H10O forms 2, 4-DNP 2+3
derivative, reduces Tollens’ reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction.
On vigorous oxidation, it gives 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid. Identify the
compound
B. An organic compound (A) (molecular formula C8H16O2) was hydrolysed
with dilute sulphuric acid to a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C).
Oxidation of (C) with chromic acid produced (B). (C) on dehydration gives
but-1-ene. Write equations for the reactions involved.
32 A. Aldehydes and ketones react with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to yield 2+3
 cyanohydrins. This reaction occurs very slowly with pure HCN. Explain
the mechanism.
B. Write equation for following named reaction:
i. Cannizaro’s reaction
ii. HVZ reaction
iii. Wolff- kishner reduction
33 A. An organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O forms 2,4-DNP 2+3
derivative, reduces Tollens’ reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction.
On vigorous oxidation, it gives 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid. Identify the
compound and write the reaction involved.
B. Give plausible explanation for each of the following:
(i) Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin in good yield but 2,2,6-
trimethylcyclohexanone does not.
(ii) There are two –NH2 groups in semicarbazide. However, only one is
involved in the formation of semicarbazones.
(iii) During the preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
in the presence of an acid catalyst, the water or the ester should be
removed as soon as it is formed.

IX. AMINES (MLL)

SECTION A
The following questions are multiple -choice questions with one correct answer.
Each question carries 1 mark.
1 The reaction of an arene diazonium chloride with aniline in an acidic medium gives a 1
coloured compound. Which of the following occurs during the reaction?
a) Benzene ring is replaced.
b) Nitrogen is displaced.
c) Diazo group is retained.
 d) Amino group is displaced.
2 During an activity session, the teacher kept some pieces of papers in a box in which 1
the names of chemicals were written. The teacher then asked 4 groups of students to
select the appropriate pieces of paper with names of chemicals used to prepare para
nitro aniline. The 4 groups have selected pieces of paper as follows;
Group-1 Conc. H2SO4, Conc.HNO3 , Acetic anhydride, Aniline.
Group-2 Aniline, Conc.H2SO4 and Con. HNO3 .
Group-3 Conc.HNO3 with Pyridine, Aniline
Group-4 Conc. HNO3, Conc. H2SO4, Aniline, Acetyl Chloride.
Which group or groups of students have selected it appropriately.
A. Group1 and 4 B. Group 3 and 4 C. Group3 D. Group 1
3 Two isomers, n- C4H9NH2 and (C2H5)2NH have molar mass of 73 each. Which of the 1
following is correct about their boiling points?
A. The boiling point of n- C4H9NH2 is higher than that of (C2H5)2NH.
B. The boiling point of (C2H5)2NH is higher than that of n- C4H9NH2.
C. Both the amines will have the same boiling point.
D. The boiling point of both the amines will be lower than that of water.
4 Aryl diazonium salts undergo reductive removal of the diazonium group in presence 1
of weak acids. Which of the following products will be formed during this process?
A. Chlorobenzene B. Phenol C. Benzene cyanide D. Benzene
5 Benzene sulphonyl chloride is a chemical which can be used to identify the class of an 1
Amine. When an amine 'A' reacts with benzene sulphonyl chloride it gives precipitate
of sulphonamides which is soluble in alkali. The amine A is;

A. N-Ethylethanamine B. N,N-Diethylethanamine

C. Ethanamine D. N-Methylbenzenamine

6 2-Methyl butanamide on reacting with Br2 in alkaline medium gives an amine. Which 1
of the following is a correct characteristic of that amine?
A. It is optically active. B. It is a secondary amine.
C. It can form a stable diazonium salt. D. It has one carbon atom more than the
 amide.
7 The source of nitrogen in Gabriel synthesis of amines is _____________. 1
A. Sodium azide, NaN3 B. Sodium nitrite, NaNO2
C. Potassium cyanide, KCN D. Potassium phthalimide, C6H4 (CO)2N – K +
8 Hoffmann Bromamide Degradation reaction is shown by __________. 1
A. ArNH2 B. ArCONH2 C. ArNO2 D. ArCH2NH2
Cu/HCl
9 The reaction Ar N2 Cl ArCl + N2 + CuCl is named as _________. 1
A. Sandmeyer reaction B. Gatterman reaction
C. Claisen reaction D. Carbylamine reaction
10 By reacting with which of the following, primary amines can be separated from 1
secondary and tertiary amines?
A. Chloroform alone
B. Methyl iodide
C. Chloroform and alcoholic KOH
D. Zinc dust
11 For which of the following is the Hinsberg approach used? 1
A. Preparation of primary amines
B. Separation of amine mixtures
C. Preparation of tertiary amines
D. Preparation of secondary amines

12 Aniline on heating with chloroform and alcoholic KOH gives a foul-smelling product. 1
Making which of the following changes in the reaction would still produce a
foulsmelling product?
P) replacing aniline with ethylamine
Q) replacing chloroform with carbon tetrachloride
R) replacing alcoholic KOH with alcoholic NaOH
A. only P B. only R C. only Q and R D. only P and R
Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
 B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
13 Assertion (A): Aniline cannot be prepared by the Gabriel phthalimide synthesis. 1
Reason (R): Aryl halides do not undergo nucleophilic substitution.
14 Assertion (A): Besides ortho and para nitroaniline, nitration of aniline in an acidic 1
medium also gives the meta derivative.
Reason (R): In acidic medium aniline gets protonated forming anilinium ion.
15 Assertion (A): Cyanobenzene cannot be prepared from chlorobenzene by nucleophilic 1
substitution.
Reason (R): The cyano group can directly be introduced in a benzene ring by
substitution.
16 Assertion (A): Propyl amine on reaction with nitrous acid forms aliphatic diazonium 1
salts.
Reason (R): Aliphatic diazonium salts are stable at 273-278 K.
SECTION B
The following questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17 While studying about diazotisation of amines and their reactions, students carried out 2
the following two processes P and Q in the laboratory to prepare orange-coloured dye.
30 minutes + phenol
P) aniline + dilute HCl + NaNO2 + ice X
30 minutes + phenol
Q) aniline + dilute HCl + NaNO2 X
Which of the two processes is likely to produce the orange-coloured dye in higher
yield? Justify your answer.
18 Write structures and IUPAC names of 2
(i) the amide which gives propanamine by Hoffmann bromamide reaction.
(ii) the amine produced by the Hoffmann degradation of benzamide
19 Accomplish the following conversions: 2
(i) Benzoic acid to aniline
(ii) Aniline to p-bromoaniline
(iii) Benzamide to toluene
20 You are given three compounds of nitrogen having the general formula NH2-X. 2
 If X= C6H6, CH3 or H, which of the three compounds will be protonated MOST easily
in water? Justify your answer.
21 Why is NH2 group of aniline acetylated before carrying out nitration? 2
SECTION C
The following questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each
22 There are 5 reagent bottles containing NaNO2, HCl, Phenol, Aniline and NaOH 3
separately in them. The teacher asked Amit to make an orange dye using suitable
chemicals out of the five reagents given.
(a)Write the chemical equations and the conditions for the steps involved in the
preparation of the orange dye.
(b) Name the type of reaction of the step in which phenol reacts.
23 Arrange the following in increasing order of their basic strength: 3

(i) C2H5 NH2 , C6H5 NH2 , NH3 , C6H5 CH2 NH2 and (C2H5 ) 2 NH
(ii) C2H5NH2 , (C2H5 ) 2NH, (C2H5 ) 3N, C6H5NH2
(iii) CH3 NH2 , (CH3 ) 2 NH, (CH3 ) 3 N, C6H5 NH2 , C6H5 CH2 NH2 .

24 An aromatic compound ‘A’ on treatment with aqueous ammonia and heating forms 3
compound ‘B’ which on heating with Br2 and KOH forms a compound ‘C’ of
molecular formula C6H7N. Write the structures and IUPAC names of compounds A, B
and C.
25 Give plausible explanation for each of the following(any 3): 3
(i) Amines are less acidic than alcohols of comparable molecular masses
(ii) primary amines have higher boiling point than tertiary amines
(iii) aliphatic amines are stronger bases than aromatic amines
(iv) aromatic primary amines be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis
26 Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds. 3
(i) Methylamine and dimethylamine
(ii) Ethylamine and aniline
(iii) Aniline and benzylamine
27 Arrange the following: 3
 (i) In decreasing order of the pKb values:
C2H5NH2 , C6H5NHCH3 , (C2H5 ) 2NH and C6H5NH2
(ii) In increasing order of basic strength:
C6H5NH2 , C6H5N(CH3 ) 2 , (C2H5 ) 2NH and CH3NH2
(iii) In increasing order of basic strength:
Aniline, p-nitroaniline and p-toluidine
28 Write IUPAC names of the following compounds and classify them into primary, 3
secondary and tertiary amines.
(i) CH3 (CH2 ) 2NH2 (ii) CH3NHCH(CH3 ) 2 (iii) m–BrC6H4NH2
SECTION D
The following questions are case -based questionsRead the passage carefully and
answer the questions that follows.
29 The amines are basic in nature due to the presence of a lone pair of electrons on the
Natom of the –NH2 group, which it can donate to electron deficient compounds. 1
Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than NH3 because of the +I effect of the alkyl 1
groups. The greater the number of alkyl groups attached to the N-atom, the higher is 2
the electron density on it and more will be the basicity. Thus, the order of basic nature
of amines is expected to be 3° > 2° > 1°, however, the observed order is 2° > 1°3°.
This is explained on the basis of crowding on N-atom of the amine by alkyl groups
which hinders the approach and bonding by a proton, consequently, the electron pair 2
which is present on N is unavailable for donation and hence 3° amines are the weakest
bases. Aromatic amines are weaker bases than ammonia and aliphatic amines.
Electron-donating groups such as –CH3, –OCH3, etc. increase the basicity while
electron-withdrawing substitutes such as – NO2, –CN, halogens, etc. decrease the
basicity of amines. The effect of these substituents is more at p than at mpositions.
Based on the above paragraph answer the following questions:
(i) Which one of the following is the strongest base in an aqueous solution?
(a) Methyl amine (b) Trimethyl amine
(c) Aniline (d) Dimethyl amine
(ii) Which of the following order of basicity is correct?
(a) Aniline > m-toluidine > o-toluidine (b) Aniline > o-toluidine > m-toluidine
 (c) o-Toluidine > aniline > m-toluidine (d) o-Toluidine < aniline < m-toluidine
(iii) What is the decreasing order of basicity of primary, secondary, and tertiary
ethylamines and NH3?
(iv) What is the order of basic strength of primary, secondary, tertiary ethylamines and
NH3 in the gaseous phase?
30 Consider the reaction of an alkanamine and ammonia with a proton to compare their
basicity. Due to the electron releasing nature of alkyl group, it (R) pushes electrons
towards nitrogen and thus makes the unshared electron pair more available for sharing
with the proton of the acid. Moreover, the substituted ammonium ion formed formed
from the amine gets stabilised due to dispersal of the positive charge by the +I effect
of the alkyl group. Hence, alkylamines are stronger bases than ammonia. Thus, the
basic nature of aliphatic amines should increase with increase in the number of alkyl
groups. This trend is followed in the gaseous phase. The order of basicity of amines in
the gaseous phase follows the expected order :
tertiary amine > secondary amine > primary amine > NH3. The trend is not regular in
the aqueous state as evident by their pKb values. In the aqueous phase, the substituted
ammonium cations get stabilised not only by electron releasing effect of the alkyl
group (+I) but also by solvation with water molecules. The greater the size of the ion,
lesser will be the solvation and the less stabilised is the ion.
a) What is the role of alkyl group towards the basicity of an amine ? 1

b) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order basicity in the gaseous phase 1
(C2H5)3N,(C2H5)2NH,C2H5NH2

c) Why does the sequence of basicity of an amine change when we move from the
gaseous phase to the aqueous solution phase ? 2
OR
What is the basicity order of the following compounds in aqueous solution ?
i) C2H5NH2,(C2H5)2NH,(C2H5)3N 2
ii) CH3NH2 , (CH3 ) 3N, (CH3 ) 2NH
SECTION E
 The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each.
31 Describe a method for the identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. 2+3
Also write chemical equations of the reactions involved.
32 Account for the following(any five): 3+2
(i) pKb of aniline is more than that of methylamine.
(ii) Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not.
(iii) Methylamine in water reacts with ferric chloride to precipitate hydrated
ferric oxide.
(iv) Although amino group is o– and p– directing in aromatic electrophilic
substitution reactions, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-
nitroaniline.
(v) Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
(vi) Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic
amines.
(vii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for synthesising primary amines.
33 Write short notes on the following: 2+3
(i) Carbylamine reaction (ii) Diazotisation (iii) Coupling reaction
(iv) Hofmann’s bromamide reaction (v) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.

X.BIOMOLECULES (MLL)

SECTION A(1 mark )

1 Reaction of D-glucose with which of the following reagents,shows presence of 1
primary alcoholic group in it
a) HI
b) Br2/ H2O
c) HNO3
d) (CH3CO)2O
2 Which of the following biologically significant coordination molecule of 1
 COBALT atom?
a) Vitamin B12
b) Haemoglobin
c) Chlorophyll
d) d. Carboxypeptidase-A
3 Which of the following polymer is stored in the liver of animals? 1
a) Amylose b) Cellulose c) Amylopectin d) Glycogen
4 Which of the following acids is a vitamin? 1
a) Aspartic acid b) Ascorbic acid c) Adipic acid d) Saccharic acid
5 Glycogen is a branched chain polymer of α-D-glucose units in which chain is 1
formed by C1—C4 glycosidic linkage whereas branching occurs by the formation
of C1-C6 glycosidic linkage. Structure of glycogen is similar to __________.
a) Amylose b) Amylopectin c) Cellulose d) Glucose
6 Proteins are found to have two different types of secondary structures viz. α-helix 1
and β-pleated sheet structure. α-helix structure of protein is stabilised by :
a) Peptide bonds b) van der Waals forces
c) Hydrogen bonds d) Dipole-dipole interactions
7 Dinucleotide is obtained by joining two nucleotides together by phosphodiester 1
linkage. Between which carbon atoms of pentose sugars of nucleotides are these
linkages present?
a) 5′ and 3′ b) 1′ and 5′ c) 5′ and 5′ d) 3′ and 3′
8 Nucleic acids are the polymers of ______________. 1
a) Nucleosides b) Nucleotides c) Bases d) Sugars
9 Which of the following statements is not true about glucose? 1
a) It is an aldohexose. b) On heating with HI it forms n-hexane.
c) It is present in furanose form. d) It does not give 2,4-DNP test.
10 Which of the following monosaccharides are present as five membered cyclic 1
structure (furanose structure)?
a) Ribose b) Glucose c) Sucrose d) Galactose
11 Which of the following reactions of glucose can be explained only by its cyclic 1
structure?
 a) Glucose forms pentaacetate.
b) Glucose reacts with hydroxylamine to form an oxime.
c) Pentaacetate of glucose does not react with hydroxylamine.
d) Glucose is oxidised by nitric acid to gluconic acid
12 Pernicious anaemia is caused due to deficiency of vitamin 1
a) B12 b) B6 c) B2 d) B1
Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
.Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
13 Assertion(A) : All naturally occurring α-amino acids except glycine are optically 1
active
Reason(R) : Most naturally occurring amino acids have L-configuration.
14 Assertion (A): Vitamin D can be stored in our body. 1
Reason (R): Vitamin D is fat soluble vitamin.
15 Assertion(A) : Deoxyribose, C5H10O4 is a carbohydrate. 1
Reason(R) : Carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon so compounds which follow
C x (H2O) y formula are carbohydrates
16 Assertion(A) : At isoelectric point, the amino group does not migrate under the 1
influence of electric field.
Reason(R) : At isoelectric point, amino acid exists as a zwitterion.
SECTION B(2 marks )
17 Differentiate between the following : 2
(i) Amylose and Amylopectin (ii) Fibrous proteins and Globular proteins
18 Write chemical reactions to show that open structure of D-glucose contains the 2
following:
(i) Straight chain (ii) Aldehyde as carbonyl group
19 What are anomers ? Explain with suitable example. 2
20 Where does the water present in the egg go after boiling the egg? 2
21 What are reducing and non-reducing sugar? Give example of each? 2
SECTION C(3 marks )
22 What are the different types of RNA found in the cell? 3
23 What are nucleic acids? Mention their two important functions. 3

24 Define the following as related to proteins: 3

(i) Peptide linkage (ii) Primary structure (iii) Denaturation
25 Amino acids can act as buffers, stabilising the pH of a solution if excess acid or 3
alkali is added. Show this with the help of reactions of acids with a acid (H+ ) and
a base (OH- ).
26 Mr. Chatterjee was having pain in his joints. The shape of one his canines and 3
some of his toes got deformed a bit. He visited the doctor. Along with the
medications he was asked to take ample amounts of milk, and eggs. He was also
asked to take cod liver oil capsules. The doctor asked Mr. Chatterjee to expose
himself to sufficient sunlight every day.
(a) What is the most probable disease that Mr. Chatterjee is suffering from?
(b) Mr. Chatterjee found one morning the milk had curdled. What could be a
probable reason for his observation? Explain the observation.
(c) How can exposure to sunlight help in improving the health condition of
Mr. Chatterjee?
27 Due to the formation of zwitter ions by amino acids, they show many of the 3
typical reactions of amines and carboxylic acids like esterification, and acylation
reactions. Based on this, complete the following reactions:
28 How are vitamins classified? Deficiency of which vitamin causes pernicious 3
anaemia?
SECTION D(4 marks )
The following questions are case -based questions. Read the passage carefully
and answer the questions that follows.
29
Carbohydrates play a vital role in our daily life. These are classified as
monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides depending upon the
number of smaller molecules on hydrolysis. It has been suggested that
monosaccharides do not have a free aldehydic or ketonic group but have cyclic
hemiacetal or hemiketal structures. D-glucose exists in two stereo isomeric forms;
α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose which have different positions of H and OH groups
on first carbon atom. Disaccharides such as sucrose, maltose, lactose etc. give
monosaccharides on hydrolysis. Polysaccharides are starch, cellulose, glycogen
having molecular formula (C6H10O5) n.
Answer the following questions: 1
(i) What is the name of the linkage which holds together 1
monosaccharide units in sucrose? 2
(ii) Name the water insoluble component of starch.
(iii) Why does glucose not give 2, 4-DNP test?
OR
When glucose is heated with methyl alcohol in the presence of dry 2
HCl gas, it forms two methyl glycosides. Is it true or false?
30 Amino acids are classified as acidic, basic or neutral depending upon the relative
number of amino and carboxylic groups in their molecule. Equal number of amino
and carboxyl groups makes it neutral; a greater number of amino and carboxy
groups makes it basic and more carboxyl groups as compared to amino groups
makes it acidic. The amino acids, which can be synthesised in the body, are known
as nonessential amino acids. On the other hand, those which cannot be synthesised
in the body and must be obtained through diet, are known as essential amino acids.
Amino acids are usually colourless, crystalline solids. These are water-soluble,
high melting solids and behave like salts rather than simple amines or carboxylic
acids. This behaviour is due to the presence of both acidic (carboxyl group) and
basic (amino group) groups in the same molecule. In aqueous solution, the
carboxyl group can lose a proton and amino group can accept a proton, giving rise
to a dipolar ion known as Zwitter ion. This is neutral but contains both positive
and negative charges. In Zwitter ionic form, amino acids show amphoteric
behaviour as they react both with acids and bases. 1
(i) What are the different classes of amino acids? 1
(ii) What is Zwitter ion? 2
(iii) What are essential and nonessential amino acids?
OR 2
Amino acids show amphoteric behaviour. Why?
SECTION E(5 marks )
31 A. Enumerate the reactions of D-Glucose, which its open-chain structure 2+3
cannot explain(ANY TWO).
B. Carbohydrates are essential for life in both plants and animals. Name the
carbohydrates that are used as storage molecules in plants and animals.
Also, name the carbohydrate present in wood or the fibre of cotton cloth.

32 A. Write the main structural(any 2) and functional (any 1)difference 3+2

between DNA and RNA.
B. Draw the structure of ribose and deoxyribose sugar.
33 A. Name the biomolecules in which following linkage are present: 3+2
 i. Glycosidic
ii. Amide
iii. Phosphodiester
B. Classify the following into monosaccharides and disaccharides. 2-
deoxyribose, maltose, galactose, and lactose.