HEAT TRANSFER IN – CLASS QUESTIONS

Instructor: Nguyễn Đình Quân – Semester 182

Recorded by: Lê Minh Trung, HC17KSTN

SESSION 01 – INTRODUCTION TO HEAT TRANSFER

Question 01. Heat convection occurs in gases and liquids. Heat convection does not occur

in solids because solids are unable to

A. Absorb heat by vibrating C. Emit radiation by reflecting light

B. Transfer heat by fluid motion D. Exchange heat by direct contact

Question 02. In which container is the substance unable to transfer heat by convection ?

A. Chlorine gas B. Water C. Air D. Aluminum

Question 03. The moon’s surface becomes hot during the long lunar day because the sun

transfers heat to the moon. This heat transfer is accomplished almost entirely through the

process of

A. Convection B. Refraction C. Conduction D. Radiation

Question 04. A man who was sleeping wakes up because he hears the smoke alarm go

off in his house. Before opening the bedroom door, the man touches the door to see

whether it is warm. He is assuming that heat would be transferred through the door by

A. Convection B. Radiation C. Conduction D. Both A, B, C

Question 05. A solar heater uses energy from the sun to heat water. The heaters’ panels

are painted black to

A. Improve the emission of infrared radiation

B. Reduce the heat loss by convection currents

C. Improve the absorption of infrared radiation

D. Reduce the heater’s conducting properties

Question 06. Container P and container Q each were filled with 0.5 liters of water. The

water was heated to 90oC. The table below shows the temperature after both containers

were allowed to cool for 3 minutes.

Temperatures of water in different container

Container Initial Temperature (oC) Final Temperature (oC)

P 90 83
Q 90 76

Compared to container Q, container P is better:

A. conductor B. absorber C. radiator D. insulator

Question 07. Which process best shows the conversion of solar energy to chemical

energy?

A. Prevailing winds causing windmills to spin

B. Green plants making their own food

C. Uranium producing heat to make steam

D. Tides generating electricity

Question 08. Why is the sum of the products’ energy in this reaction less than that of the

reactants’ energy ?

A. Energy is given off as heat. C. Energy is trapped in the reactants.

B. The products absorb available energy. D. Both are correct.

Question 09. Considering the heat transfer process of Q through a wall from this side to

the other side.

a) What is the first condition for heat transfer to proceed ?

b) For a thicker wall, is the heat Q transferred through the wall faster or slower ?

c) Is the heat transferring time less or more for a larger Q value ?

d) Is the heat Q transferred faster or slower when the contact surface is larger ?

e) If the wall is made of metal instead of ceramic bricks, is the process faster or slower ?
SESSION 01 – SOLUTION MANUAL

01. B 02. D 03. D 04. D 05. C 06. B 07. D 08. A

Question 09. Apply the Fourier Law for heat conduction:

dT
dQ = −   dF  d
dx
T1 − T2
→ For the conduction through flat wall: Q =    F 

Where:

Q: heat flow in a direction normal to the x: distance measured normal to the surface

surface (J)  : the wall thickness (m)

 : thermal conductivity (W/mK) F : surface area (m2)
T: temperature of the concerned surface (K)  : the heat transferring time (s)

A – There must have a temperature gradient through the wall, i.e., the temperature needs

to be different at two sides of the wall, to allow the heat transfer occurs.

B – The thickness of the wall increases while the heat transferred through the wall Q

remains constant → The heat transferring time  increases.

C – If the other factors remain unchanged, the larger the value of Q is, the longer the

process takes.

D – The surface area of the wall increases while the heat transferred through the wall Q

remains constant → The heat transferring time  decreases.

E – The thermal conductivity of the wall increases (metal transfers heat better than bricks)

while the heat transferred through the wall Q remains constant → The heat transferring

time  decreases.
SESSION 02 – FOURIER LAW OF CONDUCTION

Question 1. Given a plane wall made of clay bricks with a thickness of 200mm, length 

width = 2000  3000mm. The temperature of the two sides of the walls are 600oC and

50oC. The heat conductivity of the bricks is 20 W/mK. Calculate the heat conducted

through the wall during a steady – state conduction.

Question 2. There is a glass window with a thickness of 1cm and the area of 3m2 large.

The outside temperature is 10oC, which is lower than the temperature of the opposite

side. The heat conductivity of the glass is 1.4 W/mK. Heat conduction intensity is 3kW.

Determine the temperature of the inside surface of the window.

Question 3. A couple lived beside a clay brick furnace. The wall of the furnace is a

reactangle with dimension of H = 3m, W = 1.2m and thickness of  = 0.17m. Density of

the wall material is 2645 kg/m3 and its conductivity is 1.8 W/mK. Given that the specific

heat capacity CP = 960 J/kgK. The internal temperature of the furnace is 1592K, while the

external wall surface’s temperature is 1364K. Calculate the thermal diffusivity,

temperature gradient and the heat conducted through the furnace wall (conduction heat

capacity) and the heat intensity.

Question 4. A concrete wall with an surface area of 30m2 large and 0.3m thick. Inside the

wall is a freezing storage at -15oC, outside surface of the wall is at 25oC. The heat

conductivity of the concrete is 1.0 W/mK.

a) Present the conditions for a linear variation of temperature within the wall

thickness.

b) Calculate the heat capacity transferred through the wall.

SESSION 03 – 04 – 05 – CONVECTION WITH PHASE CHANGE

Question 1. Find the heat convection coefficient of water being heated in a shell – tube

exchanger with tubes of 40  2.5 mm. Water’s velocity inside the tube is 1m/s and the

water was heated from 15oC up to 80oC. The temperature of the tube wall is 95oC, tube’s

length is 2m.

Question 2. Given a wall of a furnace sizing as h = 2.5m; F = 39m2; tw = 90oC. Ambient air

temperature t f = 30oC. Calculate the heat loss capacity through the wall if this heat

transfer process is considered natural heat convection in an infinite space.

Question 3. Heat convection by air is occuring in a vertical narrow gap of 20 mm. Two

walls’ temperature are 200oC and 80oC. Determine the equivalent heat conductivity and

the heat transfer intensity through the gap. Recalculate them if the width of the gap

decreases 50%.

Question 4. Thermal oil flows in an horizontal tube with d = 10 mm; tf (in) = 80oC, tf (out)

= 40oC. Mass flow rate of oil is G = 120 kg/h. The tube’s internal surface has t W = 30oC.

Calculate the length of tube and the heat transfer capacity of 5 tubes in – line.

Given the physical properties of thermal oil at the given condition as below :

Density: 856 kg/m3

Heat conductivity 0,1072 W/mK

Specific heat capacity 1,905 kJ/kgK

Kinetic viscosity 5,76  10−6 m2/s

Volume expansion coefficient 7,1  10−4 K −1 .

SESSION 06: OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER

Question 1. Given a double wall with a middle air gap. The inner wall has heat

conductivity of 0,5 W/mK and a thickness of 120 mm. Next to this wall is the air gap.

Outer wall is 120 mm thick with heat conductivity of 0,3 W/mK. The outer space is

ambient air at 20oC while the wall surface’s temperature is -10oC. The heat convective

coefficient of inner air to the inner wall is 10 W/m2K. For the outer air in contact with

outer wall, heat convective coefficient is 40 W/m2K while that of middle air gap is 6

W/m2K. Calculate the heat transfer intensity.

Question 2. Given a steel tube (steel = 45 W/mK) with heat insulation covered. The inner

radius is 150 mm and outer radius is 155 mm. The heat insulation layer is 100 mm thick

with insulation = 0.06 W/mK. Hot air flowing in the tube at Tin = 60oC and the heat convective

coefficient of  in = 35 W/m2K. The outer space is air at 15oC, given  out = 10 W/m2K.

Calculate the heat loss capacity of 50m length of the tube.

SESSION 07: REVISION

Question 1. A condensation equipment contains 150 parallel tubes with the inner radius

of a tube of 20 mm. The cold water mass flow rate is 84 kg/s. The inner and outer

temperature is 30oC and 50oC, respectively while the average temperature of the tube

surface is 70oC. Calculate and the length of each tube and the heat transfer coefficient in

the tubes.

Question 2. Flow an air stream through an in – line bundle tube system which contains

8 rows with the diameter of 80 mm. The stream’s average temperature is 600 oC and its

velocity is 8 m/s. The mean temperature of the tube’s wall is 120oC. Calculate the heat

transfer coefficient of the system if

(a) The air flows perpendicular to the tubes.

(b) The air flows to the tubes with the angle of 60o.