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BAYANIHAN PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION

CLUSTER 4 - HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY,
ETHICS & JURISPRUDENCE, PATIENT CARE & MANAGEMENT
DEC 2024 Philippine Radiologic Licensure Examination Review
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
1. This test questionnaire contains 100 test questions
2. Shade only one (1) box for each question on your answer sheets. Two or more boxes shaded will invalid your answer.
3. AVOID ERASURES.
4. Detach one (1) answer sheet from the bottom of your Examinee ID/Answer Sheet Set.
5. Write the subject title “CLUSTER 4 HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY, ETHICS &
JURISPRUDENCE, PATIENT CARE & MANAGEMENT” on the box provided

7. What is the organ/system most responsible of

1. What is the drug that relieves pain? protecting the body against pathogens?
A. Antidepressants A. Heart and lungs
B. Cathartics B. Integument and lymphatics
C. Anticonvulsants C. Digestive and urinary
D. Analgesics D. Muscular and endocrine

2. What is meant by surgical asepsis? 8. What type of shock is associated with the vasodilation
A. Removing as many microorganism as possible by of peripheral arteries causing an accumulation of
chemical means blood in the distal extremities?
B. Removing as many organism by autoclaving A. Cardiogenic
C. Complete removal of microorganisms and spores B. Neurogenic
D. Scrubbing, gowning and gloving to prevent C. Hypovolemic
contamination D. Septic
9. Inside the radiology department, x-ray machines,
3. Patient A was scheduled for an executive checkup and cassettes, patient gowns and x-ray tables are
was requested by the attending physician to complete considered examples of .
such radiologic examinations. In which of the A. Host
following sequences must it be performed? B. Reservoir
A. Oral cholegraphy, barium enema and upper C. Vector
gastro intestinal series D. Fomites
B. Barium enema, oral cholegraphy and upper 10. What is the proper method of preparing the skin
gastro-intestinal series surface with an antiseptic prior to a surgical
C. Upper gastro-intestinal series and oral procedure?
cholegraphy A. Beginning outside the area and moving in a
D. Oral cholegraphy, upper gastro-intestinal series circular motion toward the center
and barium enema B. Beginning at the center of the area and moving
in a circular motion toward the outside
4. After being placed in a lying position for quite some C. Beginning in one corner and moving in a linear
time and suddenly asked to stand for a certain pattern
radiographic examination, the patient may experience D. Beginning in one corner in a linear pattern
syncope due to which of the following? followed by second linear pattern in the opposite
A. Orthostatic hypotension direction
B. Neurogenic shock
C. Hypovolemic shock 11. A radiographer is doing an x-ray procedure to a
D. Renal hypertension patient who is disabled and difficult to move. What
should he do?
5. A radiographer was accepted as a casual employee in A. Ask resident to give diazepam or similar medicine
a hospital. He begins to worry about his inadequacy, to calm patient
his limitation to communicate, his manner of dressing B. Obtain as much help as necessary to avoid injury
and his inability to approach a patient and do what is C. Work quickly to finish the procedure so you can
best. What do these express? ask ward clerk to transfer patient
A. Depression D. Keep the patient as quiet as possible
B. Low self esteem
C. Poor critical thinking 12. Republic Act 7431 an Act regulating the Practice of
D. Inexperience Radiologic Technology in the Philippines has created
the Board of Radiologic Technology which shall be
6. In response to a perceived threat of danger, which of composed of a chairman and members.
the following PNS components will be globally A. 4
activated? B. 3
A. Parasympathetic C. 6
B. Postganglionic D. 5
C. Preganglionic
D. Sympathetic 13. Mr. X was brought to a hospital after having a motor
accident. The ER team carefully log rolled the patient

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 into the hospital gurney from the ambulance D. Spinal cord is made up of highly specialized cells,
stretcher. Which of the following injuries is suspected owing its very little ability to heal
of the patient? 22. Correct order starting from the highest level of
A. Head injury hierarchy of needs.
B. Vertebral column injury A. Self-actualization, Esteem & Self-respect,
C. Bowel obstruction Belongingness & Affection, Safety & Security,
D. Extremity fractures Physiological Needs
B. Physiological Needs, Esteem & Self-respect,
14. Patient with a gastric ulcer should have which of the Belongingness & Affection, Safety & Security,
following modifications to the contrast examination? Self-actualization
A. Raising the enema bag to increase the flow C. Esteem & Self-respect, Belongingness &
B. Use of oil-based contrast Affection, Safety & Security, Self-actualization,
C. Use of water-soluble contrast Physiological Needs
D. Use of standard barium sulfate D. Belongingness & Affection, Safety & Security,
Self-actualization, Esteem & Self-respect,
15. What is the appropriate method for assessing a Physiological Needs
patient’s pulse at the brachial artery?
A. Use your thumb and apply significant pressure on 23. In what presidential decree does the pool of
the artery. recommended radiologists and medical physicist must
B. Use two or three fingertips to apply gentle be first accredited?
pressure on the artery, avoiding use of the A. PD 222
thumb. B. PD 223
C. Use one finger with significant pressure applied C. PD 232
on the artery. D. PD 322
D. Use the pad of the thumb, placed gently over the
artery. 24. Which of the following diagnostic procedures is
16. What bone comprise the glenoid fossa? indicated when a space occupying mass is identified
A. Radius on barium enema?
B. Humerus A. Laparoscopy
C. Clavicle B. Cystoscopy
D. Scapula C. Colonoscopy
D. Colposcopy
17. Andrea had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus 25. The kidney and adrenal glands are protected and
and has been battling the disease for 10 years now. covered by a layer of connective tissue. This tissue is
Due to her illness, her right foot needs to be called the .
amputated. Andrea may respond through which of A. Glisson’s capsule
the following? B. Gereto’s capsule
A. Loss C. Bowman’s capsule
B. Loneliness D. Hartmann’s pouch
C. Grief
D. Vengeance 26. The Board of Radiologic Technology is composed of
which of the following?
18. What property of red blood cells dooms them to a A. 3 radiologic technologists, 1 medical physicist, 1
limited life span of about 120 days? radiologist
A. Lack of a nucleus B. 2 radiologic technologists, 1 medical physicist, 2
B. Contains hemoglobin radiologists
C. Its biconcave shape C. 2 radiologic technologists, 2 medical physicists, 1
D. It is the main producer of platelets radiologist
D. 3 radiologic technologists, 2 radiologists
19. According to standard precautions for contact 27. The respiratory conducting passageways perform all
transmission, what protocol is used for items that are of the following functions, EXCEPT?
removed from the patient’s room? A. Allow air to reach the lungs
A. Items must be disinfected or placed in a bag B. Purify air
labeled “biohazard.” C. Humidify air
B. No items should be removed from the room until D. Exchange gases
the patient has been discharged. 28. In which section of the Radiologic Technology Act of
C. The carrier should take care only to perform 1992 does it explains the grounds for removal for a
appropriate hand washing before removing board member?
A. Section 11
items.
B. Section 12
D. The handler must wear a gown and gloves when
C. Section 13
removing items, but the items need no
preparation. D. Section 14

20. The electrical activity of the heart starts in the . 29. A radiologic technologist is attending a function when
A. Bundle of His an elderly woman, happily eating her meal suddenly
B. SA node becomes agitated and gasping for her breath. What
C. Purkinje fiber should he do?
A. Bring immediately to the emergency room
D. AV node
B. Vital signs and call for help
C. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
21. Which of the following reasons below is most
D. Abdominal thrust
appropriate for emphasizing great care when
positioning patients with suspected spinal cord injury?
A. Spinal cord injury heals has the tendency to heal 30. Blood pressure, rate and force of heartbeat, digestive
slowly tract motility, the rate and depth of breathing, and
B. Any slight movement would mean a great deal of many other autonomic functions are controlled by
pain for the patient which of the following parts of the brain?
A. Diencephalon
C. Since injury occurred within the spinal cord, the
B. Thalamus
probability of acquiring infection is high
C. Hypothalamus

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 D. Epithalamus 42. Which phase of wound healing serves as the body’s
initial local defense response to injury or trauma?
31. Which of the following terms describes health services A. Inflammatory
personnel have a moral obligation not to harm the B. Proliferative
patients? C. Remodeling
A. Beneficence D. Maturation
B. Non-maleficence
C. Advance directives 43. This refers to the inculcation of advanced knowledge,
D. Gatekeeping skills and ethical values in the post licensure
specialization in a multidisciplinary field of study.
32. Which of the following vessels below has the highest A. Professional tract for Radiologic Technology
content of nutrients after a meal? B. Career Progression
A. Hepatic portal vein C. Continuing Professional Development
B. Hepatic vein D. Asean Qualification Framework
C. Hepatic artery
D. Ductus venosus 44. Who must be notified immediately of physical or
33. Identify the most proximal portion of the sternum? drug-induced restraints used for a patient?
A. Manubrium sterni A. The patient’s family and physical therapist
B. Sternal angle B. The patient’s occupational and physical therapists
C. Xiphoid C. The patient’s case manager and nurses
D. Suprasternal notch D. The patient’s attending physician

34. The procedure in which fluid is aspirated from the sac 45. Which of the following is not a threat to the
surrounding the heart is termed as . confidentiality of a patient’s medical record?
A. Myocardiocentesis A. written records are left open on a coder's desk
B. Pericardiocentesis when she takes her coffer break
C. Endocardiocentesis B. a medical transcriptionist allows a friend from
D. Cardiac effusion another office to read over his shoulder while he
transcribes a physician’s dictation
35. Which of the following fontanel is formed at the C. a medical office employee inadvertently leaves
intersection of a parietal bone, the occipital bone, and pages from a patient’s medical record in the fax
a temporal bone? machine tray
A. Frontal D. A physician shows a patient's medical record to a
B. Posterior consulting specialist
C. Mastoid
D. Sphenoid 46. Which of the following is not characteristic of the
colon?
36. For which of the following procedures might it be A. It is divided into ascending, transverse, and
unnecessary to wear gloves? descending portions
A. Controlling bleeding B. it contains abundant bacteria, some of which
B. Performing oral or nasal suctioning synthesize certain vitamins
C. Measuring blood pressure or temperature C. it is the main absorptive site
D. Handling or cleaning contaminated instruments D. it absorbs much of the water and salts remaining
in the wastes
37. What is the most generally accepted average value
for normal body temperature? 47. In cases of malpractice involving res ipsa loquitur,
A. 98.6 °F which of the following statements below is TRUE?
B. 96.4 °F A. The patient has the burden of proving the
C. 94.2 °F physician's negligence
D. 92.0 °F B. The physician has the burden of proving his or
38. Barium should NOT be the contrast of choice in this her innocence
condition. C. The physician is not bound by physician patient
A. Paralytic ileus confidentiality
B. Diabetic patient D. All of the above
C. Perforated viscus 48. Which of the following is NOT true of the liver?
D. Elderly and anxious patient A. Receives blood from the hepatic artery and not
from the hepatic portal vein
39. What is the normal resting pulse range for an adult? B. Produces bile
A. 40–80 beats per minute C. Is composed primarily of hepatocytes
B. 60–100 beats per minute D. Is inferior to the diaphragm
C. 80–120 beats per minute
D. 100–140 beats per minute 49. Situations in which a tort action may be brought
against a technologist is/are which of the following?
A. Imprudent conduct by the radiologic technologist
40. What device measures pulmonary artery pressure
B. Bodily harm inflicted on a patient
(PAP)?
A. Suprapubic catheter C. Invasion of privacy
B. Swan-Ganz catheter D. All of the above
C. Endotracheal tube
D. Nasogastric tube 50. Which of the following would be considered an
unethical practice for a radiologic technologist?
41. Which of the following is NOT TRUE? A. Repeating a radiograph because of incorrect
A. In anatomy and physiology, the function of an technique selection
organ usually depends on its structure B. Watching an interesting case
B. The function of the integumentary system is C. Criticizing a doctor or team member in a private
mainly protective or public forum
C. Pathology is the study and treatment of disease D. Reporting unethical practices of a co-worker
D. Homeostasis is necessary for life

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51. Being rude and impolite to a patient's family members
because they are asking how long an examination will 59. If you are the assigned radiologic technologist to
take is an example of which of the following? perform a urologic contrast examination, which of the
A. ethics violation following must be done when disposing the used
B. violation of the institution's Standards of Care needle and syringe?
C. professional etiquette violation A. Slowly recap the needle and dispose it
D. ethical dilemma immediately
B. Throw the used needles in a waste basket
52. Menisci are extra pieces of fibrocartilage that provide immediately
an extra cushion within the joint. C. Immediately throw the attached uncapped
A. Elbow needle to the syringe within a provided waste
B. Finger receptacle
C. Knee D. Detach the needle from the syringe and place the
D. Foot uncapped needle only in the contaminated waste
Rationale: The menisci provide support and prevent receptacle
damage whenever there is high stress or weight; 60. What would be the best way to prevent urinary tract
there are only a few examples such as in the knee or infections during catheterization of the urinary
temporal-mandibular joint. bladder?
Source: A. Instruct the patient to increase fluid intake
B. Recommend an antimicrobial therapy to prevent
53. Obstruction of the hepatopancreatic sphincter impairs the start of UTI
digestion by reducing the availability of which of the C. Keep the patient away by isolating him/her
following? D. Change the catheter every 48 hours
A. Bile and HCl
B. HCl and intestinal juice 61. What term refers to the chemical reactions which
C. Pancreatic juice and intestinal juice degrade or destroy complex molecules or structures
D. Pancreatic juice and bile within an organism in order to capture energy or raw
materials?
54. What do you call the waves of muscular contraction A. Metabolism
that propel contents of the digestive tract from one B. Homeostasis
area to another field? C. Catabolism
A. Pendular movements D. Digestion
B. Churning motion
C. Peristalsis 62. Menisci are extra pieces of fibrocartilage that provide
D. Augmentation motion an extra cushion within the joint.
A. Elbow
55. According to standard precautions for contact B. Finger
transmission, what protocol is used for items that are C. Knee
removed from the patient’s room? D. Foot
A. Items must be disinfected or placed in a bag
labeled “biohazard.” 63. When an individual had diaphragmatic spasms during
B. No items should be removed from the room until an episode of eating, he/she is said to have which of
the patient has been discharged. the following?
C. The carrier should take care only to perform A. Eructation
appropriate hand washing before removing B. Singultus
items. C. Borborygmus
D. The handler must wear a gown and gloves when D. Flatulence
removing items, but the items need no
preparation. 64. Which of the following anatomical radiographic lines
56. Patient A was scheduled for an executive checkup and are used to assess the integrity of the pelvis which
was requested by the attending physician to complete can be found at the medial wall of the acetabulum?
such radiologic examinations. In which of the A. Teardrop sign
following sequences must it be performed? B. Shenton’s line
A. Oral cholegraphy, barium enema and upper C. Ilioischial line
gastro intestinal series D. Iliopubic line
B. Barium enema, oral cholegraphy and upper
gastro-intestinal series 65. A radiographer is performing an initial assessment of
C. Upper gastro-intestinal series and oral a patient student who states: "I'm too tired to keep
cholegraphy my head up during work." The patient has a low-
D. Oral cholegraphy, upper gastro-intestinal series grade fever. The radiographer would interpret these
and barium enema findings as indicating which stage of infection?
A. Incubation period
57. A burn patient was brought to the hospital and is B. Prodromal stage
considered to have lost a considerable amount of fluid C. Full stage of illness
due to an open wound. The patient is susceptible to D. Convalescent period
what kind of shock?
A. Anaphylactic 66. What is the primary precaution to observe during the
B. Hypovolemic transfer of a patient with a burn wound?
C. Septic A. Avoidance of dizziness or vertigo
D. Cardiogenic B. Avoidance of quick motions in any direction
C. Avoidance of shear forces across the burn or
58. The lymphatic and immune systems are vitally graft site
important in defense of the body. Most of the lymph D. Avoidance of active motion by the patient
ultimately drains back into the venous system by
which of the following structures? 67. Which of the following is correct relative to female
A. Choroid plexus anatomy?
B. Cisterna chyli A. The vaginal orifice is the most dorsal of the three
C. Right lymphatic duct openings in the perineum
D. Thoracic duct

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 B. The urethra is between the vaginal orifice and 76. What type of shock is associated with the
the anus vasodilation of peripheral arteries causing an
C. The anus is between the vaginal orifice and the accumulation of blood in the distal extremities?
urethra A. Cardiogenic
D. The urethra is the more ventral of the two B. Neurogenic
orifices in the vulva C. Hypovolemic
D. Septic
77. Which of the following situations acts below is
68. Which will occur as a result of non-descent of the grounds for revocation of certificate of registration?
testes? A. A radiographer proven by court to have
A. Male sex hormones will not be circulated in the intentionally recorded one’s private
body scandalous activities
B. Sperm will have no means of exit from the body B. A radiographer who received gifts in a form
C. Inadequate blood supply will retard the of food by a well satisfied radiotherapy
development of the testes patient
D. Viable sperm will not be produced C. A radiographer who disobeyed the policies
69. What precaution/s must a radiographer take when of the radiology department
caring for a patient with a fractured extremity? D. A radiographer proven by court to be
A. Support the joint above and below the fracture innocent of a crime against public moral
and at the joints if moving a splinted limb.
B. Do not remove splints without the direction of 78. Which of the following medications should not be
the physician in charge. administered to a patient who is having a severe
C. Inform the patient before moving the fractured anaphylactic reaction to iodinated contrast material?
limb. A. Epinephrine
D. All of the above B. Atropine
C. Cortisol
70. What is the needed treatment for the emergency in D. Diphenhydramine
the condition diabetic ketoacidosis?
A. administration of insulin 79. What are the most common modes of transmission
B. administration of oral glucose of pathogenic microorganisms?
C. immediate surgery to repair the patient's A. Gloves, masks and gowns
defective pancreas B. Tables, chairs and beds
D. reduction in the amount of insulin the patient is C. Water and food
using D. Contact, droplet and airborne

71. You are performing a sonogram on an outpatient with 80. What is the proper clothing application sequence for
a history of epilepsy. Suddenly, the patient becomes aseptic isolation?
rigid, her eyes stretch wide open, and she begins to A. Gown, mask, cap then gloves
jerk. What is the most likely diagnosis? B. Mask, gloves, gown than cap
A. Syncope C. Cap, mask, gown then gloves
B. Respiratory arrest D. Gloves, gown, mask then cap
C. Pulmonary embolus 81. When is removing a cervical collar permissible?
D. Seizure A. Before the initial radiographic examination
B. After a radiographer makes the exposure
72. The point of the ethical practice is an agreement to C. At the conclusion of the entire examination
reassure the public that in all ways the health care D. After a paramedic reads the radiograph and
team not only works to heal patients but agrees to do approves removal
this in the least painful and harmful way possible.
This principle is commonly called the principle of 82. During his studies, Rodney learned that the hormone
which of the following? helps control blood pressure by reducing the
A. Fidelity amount of water that is excreted through the kidneys.
B. Beneficence A. Cortisol
C. Non-maleficence B. Oxytocin
D. Respect for autonomy C. Vasopressin
D. Luteinizing hormone
73. Long bones are responsible for most of our height.
Which of the following portions of the long bone is 83. Katrina was taken a normal oral body temperature in
most important in lengthening the bone? the morning. After her morning routine of exercising,
A. Diaphysis she read her body temperature much higher than the
B. Epiphysis first one. Which of the following could have cause a
C. Epiphyseal plate fluctuation in her body temperature?
D. Metaphysis A. Exercise
B. Time of day
74. If a radiographer performs an IVU on a patient who C. Hormones
was supposed to have had a lumbar spine series, the D. Age
radiographer may be charged with which of the
following? 84. A patient was brought at the emergency room with an
A. Negligence open wound at the right forearm. He was profusely
B. Assault bleeding when he was sent to the x-ray room to rule
C. Battery out fracture. What is the first thing that you should
D. Confidentiality breech do?
75. What is the most common cause of health care A. Inform attending physician to give orders
worker injury in the Radiology department? B. Perform x-ray quickly of the site while a relative
A. Needle puncture apply wound pressure
B. Slipping and falling C. Ask the ER physician to come at once
C. Lifting heavy objects D. Apply direct pressure to the wound with a clean
D. Over exposure to radiation gauze

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85. Which of the following conditions would be invalid an consider on the different options that are presented
informed consent? by doctors for disease treatment?
A. The radiographer properly explained the A. Principle of autonomy
procedure to an 11-year-old patient and have the B. Principle of paternalism
child signed the consent form C. Principle of beneficence
B. The procedure was fully explained by the doctor D. Principle of non-maleficence
C. Consent was taken from a guardian of the child
due the absence of his/her parents 94. A patient presents with empyema of the gallbladder.
D. A consent form was signed by a fully informed, Which of the following is expected?
legal aged patient A. Pus within the gallbladder
B. Common bile duct obstruction
86. A patient was brought to Emergency Department. The C. Stones within the gallbladder
patient is a victim of drugs. He doesn’t have a sound D. Abscess surrounding the gallbladder
mind and cannot follow the instructions that were
given to him. Because of these reasons, the staff 95. Lack of circulation or low levels of hemoglobin cause
restraint him and immobilized him against his will. , in which non-pigmented areas of the skin look
What kind of tort is done? white.
A. Battery A. Jaundice
B. Assault B. Pallor
C. False imprisonment C. Flushing
D. Invasion of privacy D. Cyanosis
96. Which of the following objects is a potential host site
87. What should you do if, as Supervising Radiographer, for the survival of pathogens?
you have discovered that the radiographers took A. Bar soap
alcohol during their duty hours in the night shift? B. Sink rims
A. Inform chief Radiologist for drastic action C. Faucet handles
unworthy of the radiographers involved and to D. All the above
remove them from office
B. Announce the names of the persons involved and 97. If osteoclasts in a long bone are more active than
the misbehavior during your meeting so as not to osteoblasts, what change in bone mass is likely to
be an example for others occur?
C. Make an incident report and ask Department A. Bones will become thinner but stronger
Professional Ethics Committee to investigate because osteoclasts are bone-building cells
D. Inform Human Resources Department to dismiss B. Bones will become thinner and weaker
them from the hospital because osteoclasts are bone-destroying
cells
88. The patient confined in the ward was called to the C. Bones will become thinner and weaker
Radiology Department for a scheduled contrast because osteoclasts will turn into an
procedure that he did not know. What was violated in osteolytic cancer
the process? D. Bones will become thicker and stronger
A. Patient privacy because osteoclasts will turn into an
B. Confidentiality osteogenic sarcoma
C. Informed consent
D. Truth telling 98. When exhaling, air flows through the respiratory
structures in which sequence?
89. A kidney stone becomes lodged in the portion of the A. Alveolus, bronchiole, bronchus, larynx, trachea,
urinary system between the kidney and bladder. In pharynx, nasal cavity
which of the following structures will the stone be B. Alveolus, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, larynx,
found? pharynx, nasal cavity
A. Oviduct C. Alveolus, bronchus, bronchiole, trachea, larynx,
B. Thoracic duct pharynx, nasal cavity
C. Ureter D. Alveolus, bronchiole, bronchus, trachea, larynx,
D. Urethra pharynx, nasal cavity
90. Mary has a dry mouth, which means very little
amount of saliva is being secreted. Digestion of which 99. Torn chordae tendineae will cause which of the
type of food will be affected (decreased) by this following?
situation? A. Aortic insufficiency
A. Oranges B. Myocardial infarction
B. Starch C. Mitral insufficiency
C. Cholesterol D. Mitral stenosis
D. Water 100. A patient with lung cancer comes in at the exposure
91. What kind of learning does a Radiologic Technology room for his chest x-ray examination. However, he
acquire when he undergoes Computer Tomography presented shortness of breath, a cough, facial and
subspecialty in a hospital institution with an approved arm edema, and neck distention. If you are the
training program and accreditation? therapist, what would you suspect that the patient
A. Life—long had developed?
B. Self—directed A. Cardiac tamponade
C. Formal B. Superior vena cava syndrome
D. Informal C. Pleural effusion
92. Select the unusual and exaggerated reaction to D. Tumor lysis syndrome
foreign protein or other substances.
A. lethargy
B. syncope
C. anaphylaxis
D. angioneurotic edema

93. Which of the following principles is being described

when patients are given the time and freedom to

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