X – Physics (Vol–1) Olympiad Text Book

1 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

Essentials from static electricity:

Charge: It is an intrinsic property of the sub atomic particles to attract or repel
the other.
• Charge is responsible for electric force.
• Charge is of two types i.e., positive and negative.
• Charge is measured in coulomb (in SI).

• Charge of electron (e) is 1.6 10 19 coulomb of negative charge.

Like charges repel and unlike charges attract.

The charge on a charged body (Q) is given by Q ne , where n is an integer, n

cannot be a fraction.
Coulomb’s Law (or) Forces Between two point Electric charges
Coulomb’s law: The electrostatic force of interaction between two point electric
charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges, inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them and acts along the
straight line joining the two charges. Strictly speaking, Coulomb’s law applies
to stationary point charges.

If two charges q1 and q2 are separated by a distance ‘r’ the force of attraction
or repulsion between them is given by

1 q1 q 2
F
4 0 r2

1 Nm 2 9
9 10 is permittivity of Vacuum.
4 0 C2 0

is permittivity of the medium.

q1 q2
Dimensional formula of 0 2
M 1 L 3T 4 A2
F r

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Electric field intensity (E): The effective region around a charge is called
electric field.
‘The force experienced by a unit positive charge at a point in the electric field
is called electric field intensity at that point’.

F
E , where q0 is the test charge.
q0

N
SI unit of E is , it is a vector physical quantity.
C
Electric Potential difference between two points (V):
The amount of work done to move unit positive charge from one point to an other
in an electric field is called the electric potential difference between the points.

w
V
q

Relation between electric field intensity E and potential at a point:

If E is the electric field and V is the potential at a point then the relation among

them is given by V E dl

v
For uniform electric field E , where l is the distance in the electric field
l
where a potential difference v is developed.
Strength of electric Current:
When a potential difference is applied across a conductor an electric field sets in
the conductor and electrons drift in the direction opposite to the field. Due to
electron drift, charge flows through the conductor and we say that the electric
current is flowing through it. The direction of current is taken opposite to the
direction of flow of electrons (negative charge) and in the direction of flow of
positive charge.
Let a charge Q be passing across a conducting wire in a short time interval t
Q
then, electric current is I
t
If a net charge ‘Q’ passes through any cross section of the conductor in time ‘t’
then the average current ‘I’ is given by

Q
I Avg
t
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The electric current through any conductor is the rate of transfer of charge from
one side of any cross section of conductor to the other side.
The SI unit of current is ampere (A)

1coulomb (C)
i.e., 1 ampere(A) =
1second (s)
Current is a scalar quantity. In SI units, current is one of the fundamental physical
quantity. It is dimensionally denoted by [I] or [A].
Applications on electric current:

1. If the current is varying with time t, then the charge flowing in a time
t2

interval from t1 to t2 is q Idt

t1

2. If n particles, each having a charge q, pass through a given cross sectional

nq
area in time t, then average current is i .
t
3. If a point charge q is revolving in a circle of radius r with speed v then its

2 r
time period is T .
v

V
r q

4. The average current associated with this revolving charge is

q vq
I fq q
T 2 2 r
Where f is the frequency of revolution in Hz,
is the angular frequency or angular velocity in rad/sec,
v is the linear velocity of the charge q in m/s.
r is the radius of the circular path in metre.

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5. In a discharge tube n1 protons are moving from left to right in t seconds and
n2 electrons are moving simultaneously from right to left in t seconds, then
the net current in any cross-section of the discharge tube is

n1 n2 e
I from left to right
t
Here e is the magnitude of charge of electron (or) proton.
Current density (J): In case of flow of charge through a cross-section, current
density is defined as a vector having magnitude equal to current per unit area
surrounding that point. Remember area is normal to the direction of charge flow
(or current passes) through that point. Current density at point P is given by
di
J n
dA

If the cross-sectional area is not normal to the current, the cross-sectional area
normal current in accordance with following figure will be dA Cos and so in this
situation:

di
J i.e., di J dACos or di J dA
dACos

i J dA

Current density J is a vector quantity

Unit: amp m 2 , dimension formula is L 2A

Relaxation Time: The average time between successive collisions of an electron
is called relaxation time, denoted by Greek letter Tau ‘ ’. If t1 , t2 ,....tn are the time
periods for n collisions, then the relaxation time is

1
t1 t2 ...tn
n
Drift velocity: When electric field is applied across a conductor. The free electrons
experience a force in the direction opposite to the field. Due to this force they

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start drifting in the direction of force. The velocity of this drift is called drift
velocity ‘ vd ’. During the drift they maintain their thermal velocity.
The drift velocity can be calculated as average velocity of all the electrons drifting.
Drift velocity is the average uniform velocity acquired by free electrons inside a
metal by the application of an electric field which is responsible for current through
it. Drift velocity is very small it is of the order of 4 m/s as compared to thermal
10
speed 105 m / s of electrons at room temperature.

+ + + + +
A B

If suppose for a conductor,

n = Number of electron per unit volume of the conductor
A = Area of cross-section
V = Potential difference across the conductor
E = Electric field inside the conductor
i = Current and J = Current density
then current relates with drift velocity as i neAvd
This equation gives the relation between the current flowing through the conductor
and drift velocity of the electrons.

eE Ane 2 E
Putting the value of vd in the above equation, we have I
m m
In a conductor, there are large number of free electrons or conduction electrons.
If there is one free electron per atom, the number of free electrons per
cubic meter of the conductor will be of the order of 1029 .

The direction of drift velocity for electron in a metal is opposite to the applied
electric field (i.e., current density J ).
Vd E i.e., greater the electric field, larger will be the drift velocity.
When a steady current flows through a conductor of non-uniform cross-section
drift velocity varies inversely with area of cross-section.

1
vd
A
If diameter of a conductor is doubled, then drift velocity of electrons inside it will
not change.

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Mobility ( ): Mobility of a charge carrier (like electron) is defined as the average

drift velocity resulting from the application of unit electric field strength. It depends
on pressure and temperature.

drift velocity vd
;
electric field E

Unit: m2 / volt sec

CUQ
1. If two charges q1 and q2 are separated by a distance ‘r’ the force of attraction
or repulsion between them is given by F __________.

1 q1q2 1 q1q2 1 q1q2 1 q1q2

1) 2) 3) 4)
2 0 r 2 0 r2 4 0 r2 4 0 r
2. Electric current arises from flow of charged particles
1) in metals it is mainly due to flow of electrons
2) in a semiconductor it is due to flow of holes and electrons
3) in electrolytes it is due to flow of positive and negative ions
4) all of the above
3. The area of current-time graph is
1) current 2) charge 3) potential 4) resistance

4. If vd , e, , m are representing drift velocity, charge, relaxation time, mass of an

electron is moving in an electric field E, then drift velocity is given by

eE e E
1) 2) 3) 4)
m m m m
5. A steady current is passing through a linear conductor of non-uniform cross-
section. The net quantity of charge crossing any cross section per second is
1) independent of area of cross-section
2) directly proportional to the length of the conductor
3) directly proportional to the area of cross section.
4) inversely proportional to the area of the conductor

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6. The drift speed of an electron in a metal is of the order of

1) 10–13 m/s 2) 10–3 mm/s 3) 10–4 m/s 4) 10–30 m/s

7. When electric field ( E ) is applied on the ends of a conductor, the free electrons
starts moving in direction.

1) similar to E 2) Opposite to E

3) Perpendicular to E 4) Cannot be predicted

1. The number of electrons striking the screen of CRT is 7.5 1015 in 20s, calculate
electric current.

1) 180 A 2) 60 A 3) 120 A 4) 200 A

2. In a hydrogen atom an electron is revolving with an angular freequency

6.28rad/s around the nucleus. Then the equivalent electri c current is
________ 10 19 A .

1) 0.16 2) 1.6 3) 0.016 4) 16

3. There is a current of 40A in a wire of 10 6 m 2 area of cross-section. If the number of

free electrons is 1029 per m3 then the drift speed is

1) 250 10 3 ms 1 2) 25 10 3 ms 1 3) 2.5 10 3 ms 1 4) 1.25 10 3 ms 1

4. The electric current, that exits in a discharge tube is 2.0 A . The charge that is
transferred across a cross section of the tube in 5 minutes is

1) 6 10 4 C 2) 4 10 4 C 3) 5 10 4 C 4) 7 10 4 C

5. A proton and an electron are placed 1.6 cm apart in free space. Find the
magnitude of the electrostatic force between them and the nature of this force
is________ 10 25 N
1) 9 2) 3 3) 7 4) 5

6. An electron of mass m, moves around the nucleus in a circular orbit of radius ‘r’
under the action of centripetal force ‘F’. The equivalent electric current is

e F F e F e mr
1) 2) 2 e 3) 4)
2 mr mr mr 2 F

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7. In a hydrogen tube it is observed that through a given cross - section 3.13 x 10 15

electrons per sec, moving from right to left and 3.12 x 10 15 protons per sec are
moving from left to right. The electric current in the discharge tube and its direction
is

1) 1 mA towards left 2) 1 mA towards right

3) 1.5 mA towards right 4) 2 mA towards left7.

8. Two copper conductors A,B carrying currents of 1A and 1.2A respectively. If the
radii are in the ratio of 2:3, then the drift speed of the electrons in the two
conductors are in the ratio

1) 5:8 2) 8:15 3) 15:8 4) 8:5

9. Two charges each equal to 2 C are 0.5 m apart. If both of them exist inside the
vacuum, then the force between them
1) 1.89 N 2) 2.44 N 3) 0.144 N 4) 3.144 N

10. The current in a conductor varies with time ‘t’ as I 3t 4t 2 . Where I in amp and
t in sec. The electric charge flows through the section of the conductor between
t = 1s and t=3s

100 127 140 150

1) C 2) C 3) C 4) C
3 4 3 3
11. A conductor has a non-uniform section as shown in the figure. A steady current
is flowing through it. Then the drift speed of the electrons

Q P

1) is constant throughout the wire 2) varies unpredictably

3) decreases from P to Q 4) increases from P to Q

12. A current of 16 A is made to pass through a conductor in which the number of

density of free electrons is 4 × 1028 m–3 and its area of cross section is 10–5 m2.
The average drift velocity of free electrons in the conductor is

1) 1.6 × 10–4 ms–1 2) 2.5 × 10–4 ms–1 3) 6.4 × 10–4 ms–1 4) 3.2 × 10–4 ms–1

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13. Two unlike charges separated by a distance of 1m attract each other with a
force of 0.108N. If the charges are in the ratio 1:3, the weak charge is
1) 2 C 2) 4 C 3) 6 C 4) 5 C
14. A wire carrying a current of 4A and its cross -sectional area 10 8 m 2 . If the free
electron density in wire is 10 28 m 3 , the drift velocity is (in m/s)
1) 2.5 2) 0.25 3) 250 4) 125

15. A copper wire has a square cross-section of 6 mm on a side. The wire is 10 m long
and carries a current of 3.6 A. The density of free electrons is 8.5 × 10 28/m3. Find
the magnitude of the current density in the wire ( , electrical resistivity, is 1.72
× 10–8 m )
1) 105 A/m2 2) 2 × 104 A/m2 3) 3 × 10–5 A/m2 4) 10–5 A/m2
16. Calculate the drift speed of the electrons when 1A of current exits in a copper
wire of cross section 2mm 2. The number of free electrons in 1cm 3 of copper is
8.5 x 1022.
1) 0.012 mm/s 2) 0.036 mm/s 3) 0.048 mm/s 4) 0.64 mm/s

Multi Correct Choice Type:

17. When there is an electric current through a conducting wire along its length,
then the
1) electric field inside the wire is zero
2) electric field inside the wire is parallel to the length
3) electric field inside the wire is perpendicular to the length
4) drift velocity is directly propotional to electric field
18. Units of electric current is/are

coulomb volt
1) ampere 2) 3) volt 4)
sec ond sec ond
Statement Type:
19. Statement I : The electric current is a scalar quantity.
Statement II : The electric current does not obey the laws of addition of vectors
(parallelogram law of vectors)
1) Both Statements are true
2) Both Statements are false
3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false
4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true

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Comprehension Type:

The charge flowing in a conductor varies with time as q = 2t – 6t2 + 10t3, when q is
in coulomb and t in second

20. Find the initial current in the conductor.

1) 2A 2) 4A 3) 6A 4) 8A

21. Find the time after which the value of current reaches a minimum value.

1 1 1 1
1) sec 2) sec 3) sec 4) sec
2 5 8 9

22. Find the minimum value of current in the conductor.

1) 0.1 A 2) 2.1 A 3) 0.5 A 4) 0.8 A

Matrix Match Type:

23. Column - I Column - II

a) Electric charge p) Scalar

b) Electric current q) ampere/m2

c) Formula of electric current density r) i/A

d) Unit for current density s) q/t

t) ne

Integer Type:

24. The amount of charge passing through a cell in 5s is 15C. The current supplied by
cell is__________A.

Multi Correct Choice Type:

25. A steady current flows in a metallic conductor of non-uniform cross section. Then
which of the following quantities is not constant along the conductor?

1) current 2) current density

3) electric field 4) drift speed

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Comprehension Type:

I
Current density (J) =
A

26. A current of 1.8 A flows through a wire of area of cross section 0.5 mm2. Find the
current density in the wire .

1) 3.6 × 106 Am–2 2) 4.2 × 106 Am–2

3) 2.1 × 106 Am–2 4) 1.3 × 106 Am–2

27. A silver wire 1 mm in diameter carries a charge of 90 coulombs in one hour and
15 minutes. Silver contains 5.8 1028 free electrons cm–3. Find the drift velocity
in the wire .

1) 2.72 × 10–6 m/s 2) 1.36 × 10–5 m/s 3) 2.55 × 104 m/s 4) 3.55 × 10–4 m/s

28. If two rods A, B of radii 2 cm and 4 cm connected one by one respectively, the
current flowing through them is same, the ratio of current densities is

1) 4 : 1 2) 1 : 4 3) 1 : 2 4) 2 : 1

Integer Type:

29. The current through a wire depends on time as i i0 t , where i0 10A and
4A /s . The charge that crossed through a section of the wire in 10 seconds
is__________×30C.

Matrix Match Type:

30. Column - I Column - II

a) relation between electric field intensity

and potential at a point is V = p) vector

2
b) electric field intensity q) L A

F
c) dimensional formula of current density r)
q0

d) dimensional formula of electic current s) E .d

t) [ A ]

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OHM’S LAW: For a given conductor, at a given temperature the strength of

electric current through it is directly proportional to the potential difference applied
across at its ends”.

V
i.e. I V I ; V = IR
R
Where R is electrical resistance of the conductor

* Ohm’s law is neither a basic law nor a derivable one

* Ohm’s law is just an empirical relation.
* Microscopically Ohm’s law is expressed as

eE ne2 E
J nevd ne J E
m m
where is the electrical conductivity of the material.
* The conductors which obey Ohm’s law are called Ohmic conductors.
Ex : all metals
* For Ohmic conductors V – i graph is a straight line passing through origin
(metals).
T1
1
V V
T2
2

i i
(A) Slope of the line (B) Here tan 1 tan 2

tan V /I R ; T1 T2 So R1 R2
* The substances which do not obey Ohm’s law are called non-Ohmic
conductors.
Ex: Thermistor, Electronic Valve, Semi-conductor devices, Gases, Crystal
rectifier etc.,
* The V – i graph for a Non – Ohmic conductor is non-linear.

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Resistance:
Property of opposition offered to the flow of charge by conductor is called
Resistance. It is the ratio of the potential difference ‘V’ across the conductor to
the current ‘i’ flowing through the conductor. Its S.I unit is ohm .

V
Resistance R
I
* The resistance of a conductor depends upon
1) Shape (dimensions) 2) Nature of material
3) Impurities 4) Temperature
* The resistance of a conductor increases with impurities.
* The resistance of a semiconductor decreases with impurities.
Factors Effecting the Resistance of a Conductor
1. The resistance of the conductor is directly proportional to the length (l) of
R1 l1
the conductor i.e. R l (or) R
2 l2

R l
For small changes in the length,
R l
2. The resistance of a conductor is inversely proportional to the area of cross-
section (A)

1 1 R1 A2 r22
i.e., R (or) R ;
A r2 R2 A1 r12

R A 2 r
For small changes in area (or) radius, we have
R A r
3. As the temperature increases resistance of metallic conductors increases
and that of semiconductors decreases.
Conductance: The reciprocal of resistance (R) is called conductance.

1
conductance, G . The S.I unit of conductance is mho or siemen or ohm-1.
R
Resistivity: As we know, that the resistance of the conductor is directly
proportional to its length and inversely proportional to its area of cross section,
we can write

l l RA
R R
A A l
Its units are ohm-m.

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1. Resistivity is the specific property of a material but Resistance is the bulk

property of a conductor.
2. Resistivity is independent of dimensions of the conductor such as length,
area of the cross section.
3. Resistivity depends on the nature of the material of the conductor,
temperature and impurities.
4. Resistivity of an alloy is more than resistivity of its constituent elements.

i) Ralloys Rconductors ii) metals alloys

Special Cases :

l2 l 2d V m
1. The alternate forms of resistance is R
V m A2 d A2
Where d is density of material of conductor,
V is volume of the conductor,
and m is mass of the conductor
2. If a conductor is stretched or elongated or drawn or twisted, then the volume
of the conductor is constant. Hence

l2
a. R R l2
V

V 1 1
b. R R
A2 A2 r4

l2 m m
c. In terms of mass of the wire R and R
m A2 r4
3. For small changes in the length or radius during the stretching

R l R A r
2 ; 2 4
R l R A r
4. In case of a cuboid of dimensions l b h is

F
h
C

b A B

D
E
l

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h
Resistance across EF, REF
l b

l h
If l b h , then Rmax Rmin
b h l b
5. If a wire of resistance R is stretched to ‘n’ times its original length, its
resistance becomes n2 R.
th
1
6. If a wire of resistance R is stretched until its radius becomes of its
n
4
original radius then its resistance becomes n R
7. When a wire is stretched to increase its length by x% (where x is very small)
its resistance increases by 2x%.
8. When a wire is stretched to increase its length by x% (where x is large) its

x2
resistance increases by 2x
100 .

9. When a wire is stretched to reduce its radius by x% (where x is very small),

its resistance increases by 4x%.
Conductivity: Conductivity is the measure of the ability of a material to conduct
electric current through it. It is reciprocal of resistivity.

1 l
RA
S.I unit : siemen / m : (Sm–1)
For perfect insulators, the electrical conductivity is zero.
For perfect conductors, electrical conductivity is infinity.
Temperature dependence of resistance:
The conductivity of a conductor decreases with the increase of temperature, as a
result resistivity increases.

If 0 is the resistivity at a temperature T0 and is the resistivity at a temperature

T, then

0 0 & 0 (T T0 )

0 0 T T0

0 0 T T0

0 1 T T0

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Here ‘ ’ is the constant called ‘temperature coefficient of resistivity’ and it is

almost constant for a particular material.

Since R we can alter the above equation as

R R0 1 T T0

Super conductors:

We see that for some materials below a certain temperature resistivity suddenly
becomes zero. This temperature is called critical temperature for this transition.
The material in this state is called superconductor and the phenomenon is called
super conductivity.

CUQ
1. The electric intensity ‘E’, current density ‘ j ’ and conductivity ‘ ’are related as
2
1) j E 2) j E/ 3) jE 4) j E
2. Resistivity of conductor depends upon its
1) resistance 2) length
3) area of cross-section 4) nature of the material
3. As the temperature of metallic resistor is increased upto 3000C the product of its
resistivity and conductivity
1) increases 2) decreases
3) remains constant 4) may increase or decrease
4. Ohm’s law is applicable to
1) ohmic devices 2) Non-ohmic devices
3) ohmic as well as non-ohmic devices 4) insulators
5. A metallic resister is connected across a battery. If the no. of collisions of the free
electrons with the lattice somehow decreases in the resistor, then the current
will
1) increase 2) decrease
3) remains constant 4) becomes zero
6. Ohm’s Law is valid when the temperature of the conductor is
1) constant 2) very high 3) very low 4) varying

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1. A copper wire of cross-sectional area 3.4 mm2 and length of the wire 400m, specific
resistivity of copper is 1.7 10 8
m . Then the resistance of the wire is
1) 20 2) 200 3) 2 4) 2 k
2. A copper wire of cross-sectional area 0.01mm2 is used to prepare a resistance of
1K . The resistivity of copper is 1 .7 10 8
m . Calculate the length of the wire.
1) 58.82m 2) 588.2m 3) 0.58m 4) 5.8m
3. A wire of length 4m and radius 0.25mm has a resistance of 24 the resistivity of
material of wire is
1) 1.1775 10 6
m 2) 17.75 10 6
m 3) 1775 10 6
m 4) 1885 10 6
m
4. A uniform wire of resistance 100 is melted and recast as a wire of length double
that of the original. The resistance of the wire is
1) 400 2) 300 3) 150 4) 250
5. I and V are respectively the current and voltage in a metal wire of resistance R.
Two I - V graphs at two different temperatures T1 and T2 are given in the graph.
Then

1) T1 T2 2) T1 T2 3) T1 T2 4) T1 2T2

6. Four wires made of same material have different lengths and radii, the wire
having more resistance in the following case is
1) 100cm, r 1mm 2) 50cm, r 2 mm

1 1
3) 100 cm , r mm 4) 50cm, r mm
2 2
7. Two different wires have specific resistivities, lengths, area of cross-sections are
in the ratio 3:4, 2:9 and 8:27. Then the ratio of resistance of two wires is

16 9 8 27
1) 2) 3) 4)
9 16 27 8

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8. An Alu m in iu m ( = 4 x 10-3K-1) resistance R1 and a carbon ( = -0.5 x 10-3K-1)

resistance R2 are connected in series to have a resultant resistance of 36 at all
temperatures. The values of R1 and R2 in respectively are :

1) 32, 4 2) 16, 20 3) 4, 32 4) 20, 16

9. Two wires made of same material have lengths in the ratio 1 : 2 and their volumes
in the same ratio. The ratio of their resistances is
1) 4 : 1 2) 2 : 1 3) 1 : 2 4) 1 : 4
10. Two wires of the same material have lengths 6 cm and 10 cm and radii 0.5 m m
and 1.5 mm respectively. Then the ratio of their resistance is

13 27 27 13
1) 2) 3) 4)
5 5 7 9
11. The resistance of a wire is 10 ohm. The resistance of a wire whose length is twice
and the radius is half, if it is made of same material is

1) 20 2) 5 3) 80 4) 40

12. The resistance of the metal wire of length 1m is 26 at 20 0 C. If the diameter of

the wire is 0.3 mm, then the resistivity of the metal at that temperature is

6 8 8 7
1) 1.84 10 m 2) 1.84 10 m 3) 1.84 10 m 4) 1.84 10 m

13. The resistance of a wire of radius 1mm is 4 . The resistance of the same wire is
compressed and its radius becomes 2mm is

1) 2.25 2) 1.25 3) 0.25 4) 3.25

1
14. A wire of resistance 10 is stretched such that its radius becomes th of its
4
original radius. Then new resistance is

1) 256 2) 2560 3) 40 4) 80

15. The resistance of a coil is 4.2 at 100 0C and the temperature coefficient of
resistance of its material is 0.004/0C. Its resistance at 00C is

1) 6.5 2) 5 3) 3 4) 2.5

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Multi Correct Choice Type:

16. The resistance of a conductor depends upon
1) length of the conductor
2) area of cross section of the conductor
3) temperature of the conductor
4) nature of the material
17. Choose the correct statement:
1) The reciprocal of resistance is called conductance
2) The S.I unit of conductance is mho or ohm-1.
3) For perfect insulators the electrical conductivity is zero
4) For perfect insulators the electrical conductivity is infinity
Statement Type:
18. Statement I : Silver, Copper and mercury are ohmic substances.
Statement II: Mathematical expression for ohm’s law is V = iR.
1) Both Statements are true
2) Both Statements are false
3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
Comprehension Type:

l
V = iR, R
A
19. A wire has a resistance R. What will be its resistance if it is stretched to double
its length?
1) 2R 2) 3R 3) 4R 4) 5R
20. A coil is formed by winding 250 turns of insulated 16-gauge copper wire
(diameter = 1.3 mm) in a single layer on a cylindrical form of radius 12 cm. What
is the resistance of the coil? Neglect the thickness of the insulation, resistivity of
copper is 1.69 × 10–8 m
1) 2.4 2) 3.4 3) 4.5 4) 5.5
21. When 115V is applied across a wire that is 10 m long and has a 0.30 mm radius,
the magnitude of the current density is 1.4 × 104 A/m2. Find the resistivity of the
wire.
1) 8.2 × 10–4 m 2) 6.2 × 10–4 m
3) 5.3 × 10–4 m 4) 7.4 × 10–4 m

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 Olympiad Text Book X – Physics (Vol–1)

Matrix Match Type:

22. Column - I Column - II

m
a) Drift velocity p)
ne2

b) Electrical resistivity q) ne v d

eE
c) Relaxation Period r)
m

E
d) Current Density s)
J

Integer Answer Type:

23. A wire of length 1m and radius 0.1 mm has a resistance of 95.5 . The resistivity
of the material is ________ × 10–6 –m.

Multi Correct Choice Type:

24. Specific resistance of the conductor depends upon

1) length of the conductor

2) area of cross-section of the conductor

3) nature of the material

4) temperature of the conductor

Matrix Match Type:

25. Column - I Column - II

a) Resistance p) ohm

b) Specific resistance q) ohm - m

c) Conductance r) ohm–1 m–1

d) Conductivity s) siemen

t) depends on temperature

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 X – Physics (Vol–1) Olympiad Text Book

Comprehension Type:

An electrical conductor designed to carry large currents has a circular cross

section 2.50 mm in diameter and is 14.0 m long. The resistance between its ends
is 0.104 .

26. What is the resistivity of the material?

1) 3.65 × 10–8 m 2) 2.35 × 10–8 m

3) 1.55 × 10–8 m 4) 4.25 × 10–8 m

27. If the electric-field magnitude in the conductor is 1.28 V/m, what is the total
current?

1) 150 A 2) 172.3 A 3) 235 A 4) 100 A

28. If the material has 8.5 × 1028 free electrons per cubic meter, find the average drift
speed.

1) 2.58 mm/s 2) 1.28 mm/s 3) 3.26 mm/s 4) 4.12 mm/s

Integer Answer Type:

29. If an iron wire is drawn to decrease its radius by 0.5%. Then percentage of increase
in its resistance will be__________%.

30. Statement Type:

Statement I : When the length of a conductor is doubled its resistance will also
get doubled.

Statement II: Resistance is directly proportional to the length of a conductor.

1) Both Statements are true

2) Both Statements are false

3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false.

4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.

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