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ch1 - Internal Combustion Engines2024-2025

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15 views27 pages

ch1 - Internal Combustion Engines2024-2025

Uploaded by

almodamer912
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mechanical Engineering

( For Civil and Electronic Program)

ENGR 301 – ENGR 240


Eng. Ahmed Said
2024 - 2025
Chapter 1

Internal Combustion

Engines 2
❑ INTRODUCTION

Heat Engine: A device which can produce the work


continuously at the expense of heat input is called a heat
engine
Example:- Steam engine, Steam turbine power plants,
Petrol & Diesel engines, gas turbines etc.

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❑ Classification of Heat Engines

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▪ External Combustion Engines (E.C engines)
Is a heat engine where working fluid is heated by combustion in
an external source, through the engine wall or a heat exchanger,
where the oxidation of the fuel occurs outside the engine, which
provides heat to the motive portion of the engine

▪ Internal Combustion Engine (I.C engines)


Is a heat engine that converts chemical energy in a fuel into
mechanical energy, where the combustion of a fuel occurs with
an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an
integral part of the working fluid flow circuit.
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▪ The Difference between Internal Combustion Engines (IC
Engines)& External Combustion Engines (E.C engines)
❑ INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES CLASSIFICATIONS
Internal combustion engines can be classified in a number of different ways:

1. Types of Ignition
(a) Spark Ignition (SI). An SI engine starts the combustion process in each cycle by use of a
spark plug. The spark plug gives a high-voltage electrical discharge between two electrodes
which ignites the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber surrounding the plug.
(b) Compression Ignition (CI). The combustion process in a CI engine starts when the air-
fuel mixture self-ignites due to high temperature in the combustion chamber caused by
high compression.
2. Engine Cycle
(a) Four-Stroke Cycle. A four-stroke cycle experiences four piston movements over two
engine revolutions for each cycle.
(b) Two-Stroke Cycle. A two-stroke cycle has two piston movements over
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one revolution for
each cycle.
▪ Four-Stroke Cycle C.I. Engine ▪ Two-Stroke Cycle Engines

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▪ Spark Ignition (SI) ▪ Compression Ignition (CI)

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❑ Main Parts

▪ Cylinder Block ▪ Piston


▪ Cylinder head ▪ Camshaft

▪ Connecting rod ▪ Crankshaft ▪ Oil sump ▪ Valves

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▪ Spark Plug ▪ Injector ▪ Push Rod ▪ Manifold

▪ Piston Rings ▪ Gaskets ▪ Engine Bearing ▪ Piston Pin

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❑ The Engine Mechanism

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• The capacity of the engine is the sum of the swept volumes of all the engine cylinders.
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❑ Otto Cycle

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❑ Diesel cycle

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▪ Comparison of Spark Ignition (SI) vs. Compression Ignition (CI)
Engines

Description SI Engine CI Engine


Works on Otto cycle or constant Works on Diesel cycle or constant pressure
Basic cycle
volume heat addition cycle. heat addition cycle.
Gasoline, a highly volatile fuel. Diesel oil, a non-volatile fuel. Self-ignition
Fuel
Self-ignition temperature is high. temperature is comparatively low

A gaseous mixture of fuel-air is


Fuel is injected directly into the combustion
introduced during the suction
Introduction of chamber at high pressure at the end of the
stroke. A carburetor and an ignition
fuel compression stroke. A fuel pump and
system are necessary. Modern
injector are necessary.
engines have gasoline injection.

Requires an ignition system with


Self-ignition occurs d u e to high
spark plug in the combustion
temperature of air because of the high
Ignition chamber. Primary voltage is
compression. Ignition system and spark plug
provided by either a battery or a
are not necessary.
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magneto.
Description SI Engine CI Engine

Compression
6 to 10 16 to 20
ratio
Due to light weight and also due to Due to heavy weight and also due to
Speed homogeneous combustion, they are heterogeneous combustion, they are low
high speed engines. speed engines.
Thermal
lower. higher
efficiency

Weight Lighter Heavier

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❑ Week Assignment
Write a report about
❑ Internal Combustion Engines
➢ The report should contain at least the following items:
• Differences and Comparisons between Four stroke cycle and Two stroke cycle
engines
• Information about Petrol engine Carburetor & Ignition circuit
• Information about Diesel engine Injection System
❑ Electric Vehicles
➢ The report should contain at least the following items

• Types Of Electric Vehicles • Motors • Battery


Thank you ☺

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