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Sewage Disposal System

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10 views19 pages

Sewage Disposal System

Uploaded by

orhtejamon03
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEWAGE DISPOSAL

SYSTEM
CHAPTER 4

Jethro M. Amon
BSCE - 3A
CONTENTS

4-1 The Sewage and its Disposal


4-2 Public Sewer Line
4-3 The Septic Tank
4-4 Construction of the Septic Tank
4-5 Size of the Septic Tank
4-6 Location of Septic Tank
4-7 Safety Precautions
4-8 Sewage Treatment
4-1 THE SEWAGE AND ITS DISPOSAL

The collection and safe disposal of human wastes are among the most critical
problems of environmental health.
Stated in the article of Sage Journals, untreated domestic wastewater causes
diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, dysentery and hepatitis. In the
Philippines, more than 11,000 people die each year from diarrhea. All waterborne
diseases together account for about 20,000 deaths a year.
The daily average volume of human waste or excreta per capita is about 8 grams of
feces and 950 grams of urine.
TYPE OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

Sewage disposal system has four types:

1. The Cesspool
2. The Privy
3. The Septic Tank
4. The Public Sewer Line
TYPE OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

The CESSPOOL

The CESSPOOL is a hole in the ground


curbed with stones, bricks, concrete hollow
blocks, or other materials laid in such a
manner to allow raw contaminated sewage
to leach into the soil.
TYPE OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

The PRIVY

The PRIVY is a concrete sealed vault with a


wooden shelter constructed for the
collection of raw sewage. The
disintegration of excrement is
accomplished in the same manner as in a
cesspool.
TYPE OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

The SEPTIC TANK

The SEPTIC TANK is a device or receptacle


used to expedite the decomposition of the
elements contained in a raw sewage waste.
TYPE OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

The PUBLIC SEWER LINE

The PUBLIC SEWER LINE is a public


sewage system, operated and maintained
by the government consisting of a sewage
treatment plant that conveys the raw
sewage from buildings and houses to a
disposal system.
4-2 PUBLIC SEWER LINE

1.COMBINATION PUBLIC SEWER

The oldest type of public sewer that conveys both storm water and sanitary wastes.

2.SANITARY SEWER

A public sewer facility that carries regular sanitary wastes only.

THE SANITARY SEWER CALSSIFIED INTO TWO TYPES:

1. The Intercepting or Trunk Line Sewer

2. The Tributary or Contributing Sewer

3.STORM DRAIN

Another kind of public sewer line that carries storm water.


4-3 THE SEPTIC TANK

Septic Tank is a receptacle or vault used to collect organic waste discharged from the

house sewer. The main function of a septic tank is to liquefy and precipitate solid waste

purifying odorous materials.


4-4 CONSTRUCTION OF THE SEPTIC TANK

Septic Tank is constructed from either of the following materials:

1. Reinforced concrete

2. Plastered concrete hallow blocks

3. Prefabricated asbestos

4. Thin metal and plastic


Reinforced concrete Plastered concrete hallow blocks

Prefabricated asbestos Thin metal plastic


4-5 SIZE OF THE SEPTIC TANK

Sanitary Authorities agreed in the principles that:


1. For a family of 6 persons, the minimum tank capacity should be approximately 1.3
cubic meters with a minimum size of 90 centimeters wide by 150 centimeters long
and 120 centimeters depth.
2. A very large tank is not advisable, because the bacterial activities would be retarded.
3. For residential installation, the practice is to allow 5 to 6 cubic feet of tank volume
per person.
4-5 SIZE OF THE SEPTIC TANK

TECHNICAL DATA IN DETERMINING VOLUME OF SEPTIC TANK


Minimum width - 90 cm.
Minimum length - 150 cm.
Minimum depth - 120 cm.

For residential --------- 0.14 t0 0.17 cu.m


For small residential ----- 2.0 cu.m
For school, commercial and industrial establishments ----- .057 / .086 cu.m
4-6 LOCATION OF SEPTIC TANK

Location of the septic tank shall observe the following considerations:


1. The septic tank may be located closer to the building it will serve, providing a
minimum distance of 2.00 meters from the outside wall.
2. As much as possible, the septic tank should not be located closer to the doors or
windows.
3. Septic tank should be at least 15 meters away from any source of water supply. The
farther the better.
4-6 LOCATION OF SEPTIC TANK

Requirements for a Satisfactory Disposal of Human Waste


1. There should be no contamination of ground surface that may enter into the spring
or wells.
2. There should be no contamination of surface water.
3. The surface soil should not be contaminated.
4. Excreta should not be accessible to animals, flies, cockroaches, vermin and the like.
5. There should be no odor and unsightly conditions.
6. The methods used should be simple and economical in terms of construction
operation,
4-7 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

In most cases septic tanks are poorly aerated or ventilated. It lacks free oxygen. Under
this condition, an individual entering into a septic tank for making repairs or cleaning
purposes, may meet almost instant death.
When repair work or cleaning is to be made;
made sure that the septic tank is well ventilated,
supply fresh air inside the tank, and
if light is needed to work, an emergency light with properly insulated cord should
be used.
4-8 SEWAGE TREATMENT

There are several methods and processes wherein sewages may be treated. And those
that are most commonly used are the activated sludge process, and the trickling or
sprinkling filter processes.
Thank you!

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