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PHYSICS

IMPORTANT FORMULAE
1. ELECTROSTATICS GIST
S. No. FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATION

1. Q=+Ne Q = Charge, N = Number of Quantization of charges

Charge particle
2. Q2Q1 Q1, Q2 are point charges F= To find force between tow
F=k Force point charges
r2
3. F=QE E = Electric field Relation between F and E

Q k = 41 , r= distance Electric field due to a

4. E=k 2 point charge.
r = Absolute permittivity
5. ds = small area To find electric flux

q = Electric Flux Gauss Theorem

6. =

7. V = potential difference To find the potential

VA=Electric potentail at A difference using Work
WAB
V = VA - VB = VB=Electric potentail at B done from a point A to a
q
q=charge point B
8. q Electric potential due
V=k r
to a point charge
r = distance
9. p = dipole moment Electric potential due
dipole

10. dV / dr=potential gradient Relation between electric

E field and potential

11. U = Potential Energy Potential energy of a

W = Work done system of two point
Charges
12. l = linear charge density Filed intensity due to
infinitely long straight
R uniformly charged wire
13. a) outside the shell: r = radius of Gaussian Filed intensity du to
surface (outside the shell) uniformly charged
R=radius of shell spherical shell
b) on the shell: s =surface charge permittivity

d) inside the shell : E=0

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PHYSICS

14. s E = Electric field Field intensity due to thin

E= = electric permittivity infinite plane sheet of
2
charge

15. C=capacitance Capacity of isolated

r=radius of conductor spherical conductor
16. A = area of plates Capacitance of a parallel
d = distance between the plate capacitor
plates

17. Grouped capacitors: Cs= equivalent capacitance To calculate equivalent

a) In series. in series capacitance of a circuit
Cp=equivalent capacitance
in parallel
b) In parallel:
Cp=C1+C2+C3

18. 2
U = Electrostatic energy Energy stored in a
v stored in capacitor capacitor

19. E = electric field strength Energy density of a

e0 parallel plate capacitor

20. V = Common potential To find Common

potential due to sharing of
charge

21. E1 - E2 Loss fo energy Loss of energy due sharing

charges

22. K=1+c K = dielectric constant Relation between

c = electric susceptibility dielectric constant &
electric susceptibility

23. t =thickness of slab Capacitance of parallel

C=
d=distance between the plate capacitor with
plates conducting slab in
C0=capacitance between

24. K=dielectric constant Capacitance of parallel

C= plate capacitor with
dielectric slab in between

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PHYSICS

25. l Values of Different quantities after Introducing dielectric slab between the plates
of the charged capacitor :

Description When Battery connected When Battery disconnected

Charge K Q0 Q0
Potential V0 V0/K
difference
Electric E0 E0/K
field
Capacitance KC0 KC0
Energy K times [Energy 1/K time [Energy
is supplied By battery used for Polarization

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PHYSICS

Unit-2 : CURRENT ELECTRICITY

S. No. FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATION

I=current, Q=charged, t=time, To find the current in a
1. I= = e=charge of electron current carrying wire.
2. V=Potential difference, Relation between V
V = IR (Ohms law)
R=resistance and I

3. I= neAVd Vd=Drift Velocity Relation between

(n = number density of A=area of cross section current and drift velocity
free electron)
4. R = Resistance , = Resistivity Relation between
R= = relaxation time, m= mass of (i) R and (ii) R and
electron relaxation time
5. e=charge of electron Relation for resistivity
= =conductance, and relaxation time

6. C=conducatine, =conductivity To find C and

C=

7. I j = current density, Relation between j with

J = A = neVd = conductivity Vd and j with E
j= E
8. Vd = mobility of electron To find from Vd
=
E
9. = temperature coefficient of Variation of P with
resistance temperature
10. T1 - T2 = temperature difference Formula for

11. Rs = R1 + R2 + R3 + .... Rs = equivalent resistance in Series combination

series combination

12. 1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 +... Rp = equivalent resistance in Parallel combination
series combination
13. 2
P = VI = I R=V /R
2
P = electrical power Relation for P with V, I and R

14. E = V +Ir = I (R + r) E = emf of cell, Relation for E and V

15. (I) V = E - lr r = internal resistance (I) Current is drawn

(ii) V = E + lr V = Potential difference (ii) cell is being charged

16. r = internal resistance To find internal resistance

R = External resistance by potentiometer

17. n = number of cells in series Current drawn when n cells

R = External resistance are connected in series

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PHYSICS

18. m = number of cells in parallel Current drawn when n cells

are connected in parallel
19. For max. current the
m = number of rows
n = number of cells in each row. external resistance must be
equal to the total internal
resistance
20. = 0 (loop rule) algebraic sum of charge Kirchhoff' s law
= 0 (junction rule) algebraic sum of potential
difference

21. P, Q, R, S are resistences in four Balanced condition of

arms of Wheatstone Bridge Wheatstone Bridge

22. S = Unknown resistance Working condition for

S=
R = Known resistance Wheatstone Bridge

23. V=KL V= Potential drop a wire Principle of Potentiometer

L= Balancing length Cell.
24. E1 and E2, emf of two cells Comparison of emf's of two
I1 and I2 balancing length cell.

Unit-3 : MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM

SL. No. FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATIONS
1. Biot - Savart Law dB = magnetic field at a point at To find magnetic field at a
distance r due to a current element. point due to current element.
= permeability of free space To find magnetic field due to
I = current through wire
= angle between current element a straight conductor.
IdI and position vector r.

B= magnetic field due to a circular Magnetic field at centre, x = 0

2. B= coilof N turns at distance X from its
center.
a = Radius of coil

3. B = magnetic field magnetic field due to a

B= r = perpendicular straight conductor of infinite
distance from wire to length
point of observation.
4. Ampere's circuital magnetic field due to a
law = Line integral of solenoid B =
magnetic field in a closed path.

F = Force o Force acting on a charge

5. v V= velocity of charge particle particle in magnetic field.
q = charge of the particle

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PHYSICS

6. Force on charged particle in Lorentz force

v
simultaneous Electric and
magnetic fields
7. F = Magnetic force on a current To find force acting on a
L carrying conductor of length I current carrying conductor
B = magnetic field. in a magnetic field.

8. = Force per unit length between Force per unit length

two parallel current carrying I1 between two parallel
and I2 r = distance between the current carrying
conductors. conductors.

9. = BINA Sin = torque experienced by a magnetic field due to a

current loop of area A in straight conductor of
magnetic field B infinite length
N = Number of turns of coil.
I = current

10. S= G S = shunt required, Conversion fo

G = Galvanometer Resistance, Galvanometer
= maximum current through into Ammeter.
galvanometer
(0-i) = range of ammeter
R = high resistance in series Conversion fo
11. R= -G Galvanometer
into Voltmeter.
v r = radius of circular path in To find the radius of
12. r=
magnetic field circular path of charged
particle moving
perpendicular to the
magnetic field.

13. u= n = Cyclotron frequency To find the frequency

of cyclotron.

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PHYSICS

Unit-4 : ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENT

S. No. FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATION

1. e= e = induced emf. Faraday's law of

electromagnetic
induction :
2. B = magnetic field Motional emf
v = velocity
I = metal rod of length
3. V = emf developed To find emf developed
between the ends of the rod. between the end of the rod
= angular velocity rotating in the magnetic field.
I = length of the rod
4. =LI = Magnetic flux Relation between and L
L = Self-inductance of the coil.
5. L = Self-inductance of the coil. To find self-induced emf
in a coil.
6. M12 =Coefficient of mutual Self-induced of a solenoid
inductance
dl2/dt=Rate of charge of
current in th secondary coil
7. = Realtive permeability Equation of a.c generator
= permeability of free space
n = no of turns of the solenoid
A = area of the solenoid
L = length of the solenoid

8. n = no of turns of the solenoid Equation of a. c generator

B = magnetic field
A = area of the solenoid
v = frequency of AC
9. U = Energy stored in inductor To find energy stored in the
inductor in its magnetic field.

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PHYSICS

Unit-5 : ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

S. No. FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATION

c is the speed of To find speed of e.m.

1. electromagnetic wave in vacuum
wave in vacuum
permeability constant and
is the permittivity constant
2. n is the speed of To find speed of
n electromagnetic wave in electromagnetic wave in
material medium material medium

Laws at a glance :
1. (Gauss's Law for electricity)

2. (Gauss's Law for magnetism)

3. (Faraday's Law)

4. (Ampere - Maxwell Law)

Unit-6 : RAY OPTICS

S.No. FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATIONS

1. u - object distance To find focal length of
v - image distance, mirror
f - focal length of the mirror
2. m= m = magnification To find magnification
m is negative for real images
and +ve for virtual images
3. A = Angle of prism To find refractive index
n2 = refractive index of prism
n1 = refractive index of medium
Dm = angle of minimum deviation.

4. R = Radius of curvature To find Rad. of

V = image distance, curvature of lens
u = object distance

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PHYSICS

S. No. FORMULAE SYMBOL APPLICATION

5. 1


n2
-
n1





1




1 R1, R2 = Radius of curvature Lens makers formula

= (












) (












)
f





n1





R1



R2
f = focal length of the lens
n1, n2 = Refractive index of
To find focal length of
lens
medium 1 and respectively
6. f = effective focal legnth of To find effective focal
combination length of combination
f1, f2, f3 = focal length of each lens in of lenses
contact.
7. m: magnifying power of a compound To find magnifying
microscope power of a compound
f0 = focal length of objective
fe = focal length of eyepiece
L= Distance between objective
lens and eye lens

8. f0 m: magnifying power of a telescope To find magnifying

m f0 = focal length of objective power of a telescope
fe fe = focal length of eyepiece
b = angle subtended at the eye
by the image
a = angle subtended at the eye
by the object

WAVE OPTICS

S.No. FORMULAE SYMBOL APPLICATIONS

1. ip = relative refractive index of To find refractive index

the denser medium of the material
ip = polarizing angle.

2. I0 = intensity of light passing To find intensity of light

through the polarizer,
= angle between polarizer
and analyzer.

3. b = fringe width
Y To find fringe width for
= wavelength of light interference fringes
D = distance between the slits
and the screen
d = distance between the lists

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PHYSICS

Y
4. = wavelength of light used, To find width of central
D = distance between the slits maxima for diffraction
and the screen fringes
w= width of central maxima in
diffraction
2
5. Imax (a + b) Imax = Max. intensity To find ratio of max. and
= Imin = Min. intensity min. intensity
Imin (a - b)2
a, b = respective amplitudes

UNIT 7 : DUAL NATURE OF MATTER

S.No. FORMULAE SYMBOL APPLICATIONS

1. c E = energy of photon, To find the energy of photon

E=hv=h h = Plank's
l
constant, v = frequency
2. W0 = hv0 = hc/ l0 W0 = work function Relation between work
v0 = threshold frequency function and V0, l0
l0 = threshold wavelength
3. Kmax = 12 mv2max Kmax = Maximum kinetic energy Einstein's photoelectric
= hv - w0 of emitted electrons equation.
= h (v - v0) Vmax = maximum velocity

4. e = charge of electron Relation between maximum

Kmax = 1
mv2max = eV0 V0 = stopping potential kinetic energy and stopping
2
potential.

5. l = wave length of matter wave De Broglie wavelength for

h = Plank's constant matter wave.

6. E= kinetic energy Relation between and E, V

V = accelerating potential

7. V = accelerating potential De Broglie wavelegth for

electron

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PHYSICS

UNIT 8 : ATOMS AND NUCLEI

S.No. FORMULAE SYMBOL APPLICATIONS

1. , z = Atomic number of To find the distance of closest

element. m = mass of electron, approach r0.
v = velocity of electron.

2. b = impact parameter To find the impact parameter

= scattering angle

th
3. = Radius of n orbit Bohr's0 radius (Z =1, n =1) r0 =
0.53A
4. V = speed of an electron in nth , c = speed of light
orbit
5. En = Total energy of electron in En = - Total energy of
th
n orbit. electron in nth orbit for
hydrogen.

6. k= , Z = Atomic number Kinetic energy of electron

of element Relation between K. E. and total
energy
En = Total Energy
7. Potential energy of electron
Relation between P.E. and total
energy
8. = Wavelength of emitted = Wave number
radiation. Lyman series : n1 = 1, n2 = 2,3,4..
R = Rydberg's constant Balmer series: n1 = 2, n2 = 3,4,5..
1/3 -15
9. R = R0A R0 = 1.2 x 10 m Relation between Radius of
nucleus and mass number
10. = Nuclear density, Relation between binding
m = average energy and mass defect.
mass of a nucleon.
11. EB = Binding Energy Relation between binding
m = mass defect energy and mass defect.
1 a.m.u. = 931.5 Mev
12. = Rate of dacay of radio Relation active decay law
active substances
= decay constant
13. N0 = Number of radioactive N = Number of active nuclei left
nuclei present initially after time t.
14. T1/2 = half life of a radioctive To find half life period
substance

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PHYSICS

15. N0 = Number of radioactive Number of radioactive nuclei left

nuclei present initially in a sample after n half - lives.

16. R = activity of a radioactive Relation between R and

sample

17. = Mean life.

UNIT 9 : ELECTRONIC DEVICES

S.No. FORMULAE SYMBOL APPLICATIONS
1. ne = free electron density Intrinsic semiconductors
2. nh. = hole density p - type semiconductors
3. n - type semiconductors
4. ni = density of Intrinsic carriers Relation between charge
carriers
5. Ie = current through electrons Current through a
Ih = current though holes semiconductor
Vd = Derift velocity of electrons
Vh = Drift velocity of holes
6. Le = emitter current Relation between currents
Ib = Base current through the transistor
Ic = Collector current
7. Vce = Output Voltage Output voltage through
Vcc = Collector voltage transistor amplifier
IcRl = Potential drp through
load resistance
Ie = Emitter current Current gain of a CB transistor
8. α= (


)
∆
∆
Ic
Ie v ce Ib = Base current
Ic = Collector current
Vce Constant

9. β= (


)
∆
∆
Ic
Ibv ce
Current gain of a CE transistor
Vce Constant
10. = CB current gain Relation between and
= CE current gain
11. Ri = Load resistance (Output) AC Voltage Gain
Ri = input resistance
12. AC Power Gain

13.
(


)
∆v
∆ Ib
be Vbe = Base emitter Voltage Input Resistance

Vce Constant

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PHYSICS

14. (


)
∆v
r0 = ∆ I ce
c I b
Vce = Collector Emitter voltage Output Resistance

Ib Constant

UNIT 10 : COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

S.No. FORMULAE SYMBOL APPLICATIONS
1. Am = Modulation factor To find modulation index
m= Am = Amplitude of
Ac modulating signal
Ac= Amplitude of carrier
wave
Amax - Amin Amax = Maximum To find modulation index
2. m= x 100% amplitude
Amax + Amin
Amin = Minimum
amplitude

3. m
(t)
=
AmSinwmt m (t) = modulating signal Equation of modulating

signal

4. c
(t)
=
AcSinwct C (t) = carrier signal Equation of carrier signal

5. Cm (t) = Ac Cm (t) = AM wave Equation of AM wave

USB = Fc + fm USB = Upper side band To find upper and lower

6.
LSB = fc - fm LSB = Lower side band side frequencies

7. = band width To find band width

Length of dipole antenna To measure the lengthh of

8. dipole antenna

9. d = The range of TV To find range of antenna

transmission
R = Radius of earth

10. dm = Maximum line of LOS To find maximum line of

distance LOS distance

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UNIT 1 ELECTROSTATICS

EASY & SCORINGAREAS (MLL)

Coulombs law
Electric dipole-electric field on axial and equatorial line, torque acting on the dipole.
Statement of Gauss Theorem.
Electric field due to infinite plane sheet of charge (Application of Gauss Theorem)
Electric field due to spherical shell (Application of Gauss Theorem)
Electric field due to infinite uniformly charged line charge (Application of Gauss Theorem)
Electric potential due to dipole and point charge.
Electrostatic Potential energy and equipotential surfaces
Electric lines of force and its properties
Capacity of a parallel plate capacitor with (i) air (ii) dielectric (iii) conducting medium
between the plates
Numericals on series and parallel combination of capacitor.
Energy stored in a capacitor.

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

1. Define dipole moment of an electric dipole. Is it a scalar or a vector?

2. In which orientation a dipole placed in a uniform electric field is in a) Stable, b)
Unstable Equilibrium?
3. What is the electric potential due to electric dipole at an equatorial point?
4. What is the shape of equipotential surface due to a single isolated charge?
5. Name a physical quantity whose SI unit is J/C. Is it a scalar or a vector quantity?
6. A hollow metal sphere of radius 5 cm is charged such that the potential on its surface
is 10V. What is the potential at the centre of the sphere?

TWO MARKS QUESTION

1. What is the work done to move a test charge q through a distance of 1 cm along the
equatorial axis of dipole?
2. A 500μC charge is at the centre of square of side 10cm. Find work done in moving a
charge of 10 μC between two diagonally opposite points on the square.
3. Can two equipotential surfaces intersect each other? Give reasons.
4. The given graph shows the variation of charge, q versus potential difference V
for capacitors C1 and C2 . The two capacitors have same plate area of C2 is
double than that C1. Which of the lines in the graph correspond to C1 and C2 and
why?

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5. Depict the equipotential surfaces for a system of two identical positive point charges
placed at a distance ‘d’ apart.

(3 MARKS & 5 MARKS QUESTIONS)

1. Derive expression for electric field at a point on the axial line of the dipole. Give the
direction of electric field at the point.
2. Derive expression for electric field at a point on the equatorial line of dipole.
3. An electric dipole is held in uniform electric field
(i) Show that no net force acts on it.
(ii) Derive an expression for the torque acting on it

4. State Gauss Theorem. A thin charged wire of infinite length has line charge density
‘λ’. Derive expression for electric field at a distance ‘r’.
5. Charge q is distributed uniformly on a spherical shell of radius R. Using gauss law
derive expression of electric field at a distance r from the centre when (i)r>R (ii) r=R
(iii) r<R

6. Derive expression for capacitance of parallel plate capacitor.

7. Derive expression for capacitance of parallel plate capacitor with dielectric as medium
between the plates.

8. Derive expression for energy stored in a capacitor.

VALUE BASED QUESTIONS (ELECTROSTATICS)

1. Mr. Bose was driving on a highway along fields. When a drizzle starts with lightning and
thunder storm. He spots a few farmers walking with iron spoke top umbrellas to avoid
getting wet. He stops his car and instructs his co passengers to keep sitting inside the car. He
advises the farmers not to use the umbrella till the lightning subsides.
a. What are the two human qualities which Mr. Bose exhibited?
Ans.: caring attitude, scientific temper, presence of mind.
b. Why did he advise the farmers not to use the type of umbrella they were using?
c. Why did he advise his co passengers to set inside the car and not to venture out?

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ANSWERS
One mark question solution

Ans 1 Electric dipole moment of an electric dipole is equal to the product of either charge
or distance between the two charges.

Where p is dipole moment.

It is a scalar quantity.

Ans 2. (a) For stable equilibrium the angle between p and E must be 00
(b) For unstable equilibrium the angle between p and E must be 1800

Ans 3. Potential at a point on equatorial line is 0.

Ans 4. For an isolated charge equipotential surface are concentric spherical shells and
distance between them increases with the decrease in field.

Ans 5. J/C is unit of electric potential. It is a scalar quantity.

Ans6. 10V

2 marks question solution

Ans 1. Potential at any point on the equatorial line is 0. Hence work done W = qΔV =0
as ΔV=0
Ans2. Two diagonally opposite points are equidistant from the centre of square hence
potential at these points due to given charge will be equal.

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W= QΔV=0 as ΔV=0.
Ans 3. No, two equipotential surfaces cannot intersect each other
because two normals can be drawn at intersecting point on
the two surfaces which gives two directions of E at the same
point which is not possible.
Ans 4.

The slope of graph represents capacity of capacitor

A has greater slope than that of B
So capacitance of A is greater than that of B

Ans 5 Equipotential surfaces for two equal and opposite charges

Long question solution

Ans 1. Electric field at a point on an axial point of electric dipole.

The axial line of a dipole is the line passing through the positive and negative charges of the
electric dipole.

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Consider a system of charges (-q and +q) separated by a distance 2a. Let 'P' be any point on
an axis where the field intensity is to be determined.
Electric field at P (EB) due to +q

Electric field at P due to ‐q (EA)

Net field at P is given by

Simplifying, we get

As a special case :

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Ans 2. An equatorial line of a dipole is the line perpendicular to the axial line and passing
through a point mid way between the charges.

Consider a dipole consisting of ‐q and +q separated by a distance 2a. Let P be a point

Consider a point P on the equatorial line.

The resultant intensity is the vector sum of the intensities along PA and PB. EA and EB can
be resolved into vertical and horizontal components. The vertical components of EA Sinθ
and EB Sinθ cancel each other as they are equal and oppositely directed. It is the horizontal
components which add up to give the resultant field.

E = 2EA cos ฀

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As 2qa = p

As a special case,

Ans 3.

Force on +q charge=qE along direction of E

Force on –q charge =qE opposite to E
Fnet=qE-qE =0
The forces are equal in magnitude, opposite in direction acting at different points,
therefore they form a couple which rotates the dipole.

Ans 4. Gauss’s Law: ‘Electric flux over a closed surface is 1/ε0 times the charge enclosed by
it.’

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To calculate the field at P we consider a Gaussian surface with wire as axis, radius r and
length l as shown in the figure.
The electric lines of force are parallel to the end faces of the cylinder and hence the
component of the field along the normal to the end faces is zero.
The field is radial everywhere and hence the electric flux crosses only through the curved
surface of the cylinder.
If E is the electric field intensity at P, then the electric flux through the Gaussian
surface is

According to gauss theorem electric flux is

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Ans 5. Consider a hollow conducting sphere of radius R with its centre at O. let σ be its
surface density. The field at any point P, outside or inside depends upon the distance from
the centre of the spherical shell. Let the distance between the centre of the spherical shell and
the point be r.

Case (i) r>R

At points outside the sphere the electric field is radial every where because of
spherical symmetry.

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Ans 6. Let the surface charge density on the plates be σ such that

Electric field between the plates is given by

Ans 7. Let the surface charge density on the plates be σ

Such that

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where E0 is electric field in air and Ei is electric field in dielectric.

Potential difference between the plates is given by

Ans 8. Consider a parallel plate capacitor of capacity C. Let at any instant the charge on the
capacitor be Q’. Then potential difference between the plates will be
Suppose the charge on the plates increases by d Q’. The work done will be

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ELECTROSTATICS
ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
Test Paper-II
MAX MARKS: 30 TIME: 90Mts
Sl. QUESTION ANSWER PAGE MAR
1 Define Torque. Find the torque acting on an electric dipole placed in a 3
uniform electric field. Give the conditions for torque acting on an electric
dipole is
(a) zero and (b) maximum Page:31
2 How can you explain a comb run through dry hair attracts pieces of paper? 2
Page:31
3 Define linear charge density. Give its SI unit of measurement. Also give the
formula to find the linear charge density. Page:32 2
4 Define the following. Also give their SI units of measurement?
(a) Surface charge density (b) volume charge density. Page:32 3
5 State & prove Gauss’s Law. Page:33 3
6 Give any four important points regarding Gauss’s law. Page:34 2
7 The electric field components in fig are E x= αx ½. Ey=Ez=0, in which
α=800N/Cm ½. Calculate (a) the flux through the cube, and (b) the charge
within the cube. Assume that α= 0.1m. Page:35

nL nR

8 Derive an expression to find the electric field due to an infinitely long thin
straight wire using Gauss’s Law Page:37 3

9 Derive an expression to find the electric field due to a uniformly charged 3

infinite plane sheet using Gauss’s Law Page:38
10 Derive an expression to find the electric field due to a uniformly charged thin 3
spherical shell using Gauss’s Law Page:39
Two charges ±10μC are placed 5.0 mm apart. Determine the electric field at
(a) a point on the axis of the dipole at 15 cm away from the center of the 3
dipole on the axial line and (b) at 15 com away from the center of the dipole
on the equatorial line of the dipole. Page:30

7 |P a g e ZIET BHUBANESWAR/ T Samrajya Lakshmi PGT (Physics)

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ELECTROSTATICS
ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS- Test Paper-II
MAX MARKS: 30 TIME: 90Mts
1 What are the basic properties of electric charge? Page:8 2
2 Give the value of charge on an electron. Page:9 1
3 If 109 electrons move out of a body to another body every second, how much time is
required to get a total charge of 1C on the other body? Page:10 2
4 How much positive and negative charge is there in a cup of water? Page:10 2
5 State Coulomb’s law. Give vector form of the equation for finding the force acting 2
between any two charges. Page:10 &12

6 Define the SI unit of electric charge. Page:11 1

7

10 cm

5cm
A metallic sphere A is suspended by a nylon thread. Another charged metallic sphere
B held by an insulating handle is brought closed to A such that the distance between
their centres is 10 cm.The resulting repulsion of A is noted. Spheres A and B are
touched by uncharged spheres C and D respectively, as shown in fig. C and D are

5 |P a g e ZIET BHUBANESWAR/ T Samrajya Lakshmi PGT (Physics)

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then removed and B is brought closer to A to a distance of 5.0 cm between their

centres, as own in fig© What is the expected repulsion of A on the basis of
Coulomb’s law? Spheres A and C and spheres B and D have identical sizes. Ignore the
sizes of A and B in comparison to the separation between their centres. Page:14

8 Give the formula to find the effective force on a given charge due to the forces 1
exerted by the other charges. Page:16

10 Define electric field due to a charge. Give an expression to find the electric field due 2
to a charge. What is the SI unit of electric field? Page:18

11 Show diagrammatically what is the electric field due to a positive charge and a 2
negative charge. Page18

13 Give the properties of electric field lines . Page25 2

14 Define electric line of force. Page24 1

15 Define electric flux through an area element ΔS. Give the factors on which the
electric flux depends upon. Also give the formula to find the electric flux through an 3
area element. Page26

16 What is an electric dipole? Derive an expression to find the electric field at a point on 3
the axis of an electric dipole. Page27

17 Derive an expression to find the electric field at a point on the equatorial line. Give 3
the physical significance of dipole. Page28

6 |P a g e ZIET BHUBANESWAR/ T Samrajya Lakshmi PGT (Physics)

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