TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION

FACULTY- ANJANI JOHRAWANSHI

UNIT-2
VERBAL V/S NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
 INTRODUCTION
Nonverbal communication is the transmission of
messages or signals through a nonverbal
platform such as eye contact, facial expressions,
gestures, posture, and the distance between two
individuals. This form of communication is
characterized by multiple channels and scholars
argue that nonverbal communication can convey
more meaning than verbal communication.
 DEFINITION
Nonverbal communication is nearly anything
that sends a message from one person to
another without the use of words.
 TYPES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Kinesics
Oculesics
Haptics
Proxemics
Physical appearance
Paralanguage
Chronemics
Sign language
 KINESICS
Kinesics communication is communicating by body movement and is
perhaps the most well-known non-verbal form of communication,
although it is not the only way to talk with others without words.
Kinesics include:
Facial expressions
Gestures
Posture
 FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
Facial expressions- our facial expressions can show
happiness, anger , frustration, arrogance, shyness,
sadness, fear etc. just watch your face and eyes in the
mirror under different state of emotions; they will be
different. They change automatically.
 GESTURES
Gestures-Many people make use of their
hands and other body parts to explain
their words and sentences. This is known
as making gestures.
 POSTURE
Posture –The term posture refers to how we hold
our bodies as well as the overall physical form of
an individual. Posture can convey a lot of
information about how a person is feeling as well
as hints about his/her personality.
 OCULESICS
Oculesics- a subcategory of kinesics, is the study
of eye movement, eye behavior, gaze, and eye-
related nonverbal communication. Eye contact
indicates interest, openness, and sometimes even
aggression.
 HAPTICS
Haptic communication is a branch of nonverbal
communication that refers to the ways in which
people and animals communicate and interact via
the sense of touch.
 PROXEMICS
Proxemics is a theory of non-verbal communication
that explains how people perceive and use space to
achieve communication goals, how it makes us feel
more or less comfortable, and how we arrange objects
and ourselves in relation to space.
 PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
Our appearance, through clothing, jewellery,
cosmetics, fragrance etc. indicates a lot about our
personality and inner state of emotions. These
things actually judge a person in context to the
local customs and culture.
 PARALANGUAGE
Paralanguage is the study of nonverbal cues of the
voice. Various properties of speech such as tone, pitch
and accent. Listeners use sound to interpret your
message, being sensitive to how your tone of voice
affects what they hear can make you a better
communicator.
 CHRONEMICS
Chronemics is the study of the use of time in nonverbal
communication. Time perceptions include punctuality,
willingness to wait, and interactions. The use of time
can affect lifestyles, daily agendas, speed of speech,
movements and how long people are willing to listen.
 SIGN LANGUAGE
Sign language, any means of communication through
printed illustration or bodily movements, especially of
the hands and arms, used when spoken communication
is impossible or not desirable. The practice is probably
older than speech.
 USES OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Reinforcement or modification of spoken words
Expressing emotions
Defining relationships
Giving Feedbacks about different things
Regulation of communication flow
 IMPORTANCE OF NON VERBAL
COMMUNICATION

Majority of our feelings and intentions are sent through non verbal
communication.
How you say is more important than what you say.
It is believed that non verbal communication is continuous.
Basic part of personality.
Important part of our social as well as professional life.
 IMPORTANCE OF NON VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Strengthen first impression.
Plays integral role in face to face
communication.
Provides instant feedback.
Add value to words.
 CULTURE & COMMUNICATION
Culture is a way of thinking and living whereby one picks up a set of
attitudes, values, norms and beliefs that are taught and reinforced by
other members in the group.
 This set of basic assumptions and solutions to the problems of the
world is a shared system that is passed on from generation to
generation to ensure survival.
 CULTURE & COMMUNICATION
 A culture consists of unwritten and written principles
and laws that guide how an individual interacts with
the outside world.
Members of a culture can be identified by the fact
that they share some similarity.
 INTRODUCTION
Cross-cultural communication is a field of study that
looks at how people from differing cultural
backgrounds communicate, in similar and different
ways among themselves, and how they endeavor to
communicate across cultures.
 SOURCES OF MISCOMMUNICATION
Assumption of similarities
Language differences
Non-verbal misinterpretation
Preconceptions and stereotypes
Tendency to evaluate
High anxiety
 How to develop effective cross cultural
communication
Respect
Become competent
Tolerating ambiguity
Don’t be judgemental
Ignore general beliefs
Empathy
Persistence
 BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
Barriers of communication are like obstacles or things
that can get in the way when people are trying to talk
or share information with each other. These obstacles
can make it hard for messages to be understood or for
people to communicate effectively.
TYPES OF BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
 LANGUAGE BARRIERS
This happens when people speak different
languages or have trouble understanding the
same language. It can also occur when technical
jargon or complex words are used that others
don't understand.
 PHYSICAL BARRIERS
These are obstacles that make it hard for people
to communicate because of distance, noise, or
other physical factors. For example, if you're too
far away to hear someone, or if there's a lot of
background noise.
 EMOTIONAL BARRIERS
Sometimes, our feelings can get in the way of
effective communication. If someone is very
angry, upset, or anxious, they might not express
themselves clearly or might misinterpret what
others are saying.
 CULTURAL BARRIERS
People from different cultures may have different
ways of communicating and interpreting
messages. This can lead to misunderstandings if
you're not aware of these differences.
 PYSCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
Sometimes, personal issues or biases can affect
how we understand and respond to messages.
For example, if you have a strong prejudice
against a certain group, it can affect how you
perceive their communication.
 TECHNOLOGICAL BARRIERS
In the modern world, technology plays a big
role in communication. Problems with
devices, internet connections, or software
can hinder effective communication.
 FEEDBACK BARRIERS
Communication is a two-way process, and if
there's a lack of feedback or response, it can
create a barrier. If you don't know if your message
was understood or received, it can be frustrating.
 SEMANTIC BARRIERS
These barriers occur when words have
different meanings to different people.
Misunderstandings can happen when people
interpret words differently.
 ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
Sometimes, the structure and policies of an
organization can hinder communication. For
example, if there are too many levels of hierarchy,
messages might not flow well between different
levels.
 PERSONAL BARRIERS
These are related to individual characteristics like
shyness, low confidence, or a fear of public
speaking. These personal traits can make it
difficult for someone to express themselves
effectively.
 HOW TO OVERCOME BARRIERS OF
COMMUNICATION
Use Clear Language
Listen Carefully
Ask questions
Use visuals
Be patient
Keep calm and respectful
 HOW TO OVERCOME BARRIERS OF
COMMUNICATION
Adapt to the
audience
Feedback
Build trust
Use technology
wisely
 INTRODUCTION
Interpersonal communication, in simple words, refers to the way
people talk and interact with each other. It involves speaking, listening,
and using body language to convey our thoughts, feelings, and ideas to
one another. Good interpersonal communication helps us understand
and connect with others better, leading to healthier relationships and
effective conversations.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTRA & INTER
PERSONAL COMMUNICATION

“Inter” refers to dealings between people, groups, or other entities

(e.g., intercontinental, international). “Intra,” on the other hand,
describes actions within a person or a group.
Intrapersonal communication describes how we communicate with
ourselves, including an accurate idea of our perceptions,
expectations, and concepts.
 IMPORTANT POINT
It is also an area of research that seeks to
understand how humans use verbal and
nonverbal cues to accomplish a number
of personal and relational goals.
 TYPES OF INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
Verbal communication.
Non-verbal communication.
Listening skills.
Negotiation.
Problem-solving.
Decision-making.
Assertiveness.
 ELEMENTS OF INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
Now that we’ve established the types of interpersonal
communication, we can take the next step in
understanding this concept by breaking it down into six
separate elements to answer “what is interpersonal
communication?”.
 ELEMENTS
The Communicating
Parties
The Message Itself
Extraneous Noise
Context
The Channel
Feedback
 The Four Principles of Interpersonal
Communication

It’s Unavoidable
It’s Irreversible
It’s Complicated
It’s Contextual
 USES
Impart and gather information
Influence the attitudes and behaviors of others
Create contacts, make friends, and maintain relationships
Make sense of our world and better understand our experiences in it
Express our personal needs and understand the needs of others
 IMPORTANCE
Understanding
Building relationships
Conflict resolution
Expressing emotions
Problem solving
Sharing information
Personal growth
Support
Collaboration
Negotiation
 INTRODUCTION
Listening is the ability to accurately receive and
interpret messages in the communication process.
Without the ability to listen effectively, messages are
easily misunderstood. As a result, communication
breaks down and the sender of the message can easily
become frustrated or irritated.
PROCESS
 TYPES
Passive listening
(ignoring)
Marginal listening
Projective listening
(selected)
Sensitive listening
(emphatic)
Active listening (attentive)
 IMPORTANCE
Teamwork. When team members listen to each other
they are better able to share ideas and solve problems.
Decision Making. Making the best possible decisions
requires knowing all of the available information, and in
order to know all of the information you need to listen to
it and absorb it.
Managing and Supervising. Mangers need to listen with
empathy, compassion and respect. This will allow
employees to feel valued and trusted.
 IMPORTANCE
Customer Service. Listening patiently and helping the
customer fully express their issue can provide the extra
insight needed to answer questions and solve problems in a
way to satisfy the customer.
Sales. Listening to a customer’s needs before you start
talking about the sale can provide the information you need
to tailor your presentation to the client/customer.
Negotiation. If you listen with an open mind, you can find
clues as to what terms the other party will and won’t accept.
 IMPORTANCE
You Become a Better Student- When you focus on the material
presented in a classroom, you will be able to identify not only
the words used in a lecture but their emphasis and their more
complex meanings. You will take better notes, and you will
more accurately remember the instructor’s claims, information,
and conclusions. Many times, instructors give verbal cues
about what information is important, specific expectations
about assignments, and even what material is likely to be on an
exam, so careful listening can be beneficial.
 IMPORTANCE
You Become a Better Friend-When you give your best
attention to people expressing thoughts and experiences
that are important to them, those individuals are likely to
see you as someone who cares about their well-being.
This fact is especially true when you give your attention
only and refrain from interjecting opinions, judgments,
and advice.
 ESSENTIALS OF ACTIVE LISTENING
Positive attitude
Concentration
Q&A
Understanding body language
Avoid prejudgements
 PERSUASION
Persuasion: When you want to persuade someone, you use
communication to make them see things from your point of
view. You might explain the benefits of your idea or why it's a
good choice. Good communication helps you be clear and
convincing, so the other person is more likely to agree with
you.
 NEGOTIATION
Negotiation is like a friendly argument to reach a compromise.
In negotiation, communication is key because you and the
other person need to talk and find a solution that works for
both of you. You might discuss what you want and listen to
what the other person wants, and together, you try to find a
middle ground that makes both sides happy.
 CONCLUSION
In both persuasion and negotiation, effective communication
helps you express your thoughts clearly, listen to the other
person, and find common ground to reach your goals or come
to an agreement. It's like using words and talking to get what
you want or find a solution that works for everyone involved.
 BAD NEWS
No matter what type of bad news you
need to communicate, the five steps
below can help you to deliver it with
honesty, empathy, and grace.
 POINTS TO BE KEPT IN MIND
Prepare Yourself Emotionally
Identify Solutions
Pay Attention to Setting and Timing
Be Genuine
Be polite
Be patient
Where Appropriate, Focus on the
Positive