Exercise 10.1 Page No.

212

1. Find the perimeter of each of the following figures:

Solutions:

(a) Perimeter = Sum of all the sides

=1+2+4+5

= 12 cm

(b) Perimeter = Sum of all the sides

= 23 + 35 + 35 + 40

= 133 cm

(c) Perimeter = Sum of all the sides

= 15 + 15 + 15 + 15

= 60 cm

(d) Perimeter = Sum of all the sides

=4+4+4+4+4

=20 cm

(e) Perimeter = Sum of all the sides

= 1 + 4 + 0.5 + 2.5 + 2.5 + 0.5 + 4

= 15 cm

(f) Perimeter = Sum of all the sides

=4+1+3+2+3+4+1+3+2+3+4+1+3+2+3+4+1+3+
2+3

= 52 cm

2. The lid of a rectangular box, with sides 40 cm by 10 cm, is sealed

all around with tape. What is the length of the tape required?

Solutions:

Length of required tape = Perimeter of rectangle

= 2 (Length + Breadth)

= 2 (40 + 10)

= 2 (50)

= 100 cm

∴ The required length of tape is 100 cm.

3. A table top measures 2 m 25 cm by 1 m 50 cm. What is the

perimeter of the tabletop?
Solutions:

Length of tabletop = 2 m 25 cm = 2.25 m

Breadth of tabletop = 1 m 50 cm = 1.50 m

Perimeter of tabletop = 2 (Length + Breadth)

= 2 (2.25 + 1.50)

= 2 (3.75)

= 2 × 3.75

= 7.5 m

∴ The perimeter of the table top is 7.5 m.

4. What is the length of the wooden strip required to frame a

photograph of length and breadth, 32 cm and 21 cm, respectively?

Solutions:

The required length of the wooden strip = Perimeter of the photograph

= 2 (Length + Breadth)

= 2 (32 + 21)

= 2 (53)

= 2 × 53

= 106 cm

∴ The required length of the wooden strip is 106 cm.

5. A rectangular piece of land measures 0.7 km by 0.5 km. Each side

is to be fenced with 4 rows of wires. What is the length of the wire
needed?

Solutions:
Perimeter of the field = 2 (Length + Breadth)

= 2 (0.7 + 0.5)

= 2 (1.2)

= 2 × 1.2

= 2.4 km

Each side is to be fenced with 4 rows = 4 × 2.4

= 9.6 km

∴ The total length of the required wire is 9.6 km.

6. Find the perimeter of each of the following shapes:

(a) A triangle of sides 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm

(b) An equilateral triangle of side 9 cm

(c) An isosceles triangle with equal sides of 8 cm each and the third
side of 6 cm.

Solutions:

(a) Perimeter of triangle = 3 + 4 + 5

= 12 cm

(b) Perimeter of an equilateral triangle = 3 × side

=3×9

= 27 cm

(c) Perimeter of isosceles triangle = 8 + 8 + 6

= 22 cm
7. Find the perimeter of a triangle with sides measuring 10 cm, 14
cm and 15 cm.

Solutions:

Perimeter of triangle = 10 + 14 + 15

= 39 cm

∴ The perimeter of the triangle is 39 cm.

8. Find the perimeter of a regular hexagon with each side measuring

8 m.

Solutions:

Perimeter of hexagon = 6 × 8

= 48 m

∴ The perimeter of the regular hexagon is 48 m.

9. Find the side of the square whose perimeter is 20 m.

Solutions:

Perimeter of square = 4 × side

20 = 4 × side

Side = 20 / 4

Side = 5 m

∴ The side of the square is 5 m.

10. The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 cm. How long is its
each side?

Solutions:

The perimeter of the regular pentagon = 100 cm

5 × side = 100 cm

Side = 100 / 5

Side = 20 cm

∴ The side of the pentagon is 20 cm.

11. A piece of string is 30 cm long. What will be the length of each

side if the string is used to form:

(a) a square?

(b) an equilateral triangle?

(c) a regular hexagon?

Solutions:

(a) Perimeter of square = 30 cm

4 × side = 30

Side = 30 / 4

Side = 7.5 cm

(b) Perimeter of equilateral triangle = 30 cm

3 × side = 30

Side = 30 / 3

Side = 10 cm

(c) Perimeter of regular hexagon = 30 cm

6 × side = 30

Side = 30 / 6

Side = 5 cm
12. Two sides of a triangle are 12 cm and 14 cm. The perimeter of
the triangle is 36 cm. What is its third side?

Solutions:

Let x cm be the third side

Perimeter of triangle = 36 cm

12 + 14 + x = 36

26 + x = 36

x = 36 – 26

x = 10 cm

∴ The third side is 10 cm.

13. Find the cost of fencing a square park of side 250 m at the rate
of ₹ 20 per metre.

Solutions:

Side of square = 250 m

Perimeter of square = 4 × side

= 4 × 250

= 1000 m

Cost of fencing = ₹ 20 per m

Cost of fencing for 1000 m = ₹ 20 × 1000

= ₹ 20,000

∴ The cost of fencing the square park is ₹ 20,000.

14. Find the cost of fencing a rectangular park of length 175 cm and
breadth 125 m at the rate of ₹ 12 per metre.
Solutions:

Length = 175 cm

Breadth = 125 m

Perimeter of rectangular park = 2 (Length + Breadth)

= 2 (175 + 125)

= 2 (300)

= 2 × 300

= 600 m

Cost of fencing = 12 × 600

= 7200

∴ The cost of fencing is ₹ 7,200.

15. Sweety runs around a square park of side 75 m. Bulbul runs

around a rectangular park with a length of 60 m and a breadth of 45
m. Who covers less distance?

Solutions:

Perimeter of square = 4 × side

= 4 × 75

= 300 m

∴ The distance covered by Sweety is 300 m

Perimeter of the rectangular park = 2 (Length + Breadth)

= 2 (60 + 45)

= 2 (105)
= 2 × 105

= 210 m

∴ The distance covered by Bulbul is 210 m

Hence, Bulbul covers less distance than Sweety.

16. What is the perimeter of each of the following figures? What do

you infer from the answers?

Solutions:

(a) Perimeter of square = 4 × side

= 4 × 25

= 100 cm
(b) Perimeter of rectangle = 2 (40 + 10)

= 2 × 50

= 100 cm

(c) Perimeter of rectangle = 2 (Length + Breadth)

= 2 (30 + 20)

= 2 (50)

= 2 × 50

= 100 cm

(d) Perimeter of triangle = 30 + 30 + 40

= 100 cm

∴ All the figures have the same perimeter.

17. Avneet buys 9 square paving slabs, each with a side of 1 / 2 m.

He lays them in the form of a square.

(a) What is the perimeter of his arrangement [fig 10.7(i)]?

(b) Shari does not like his arrangement. She gets him to lay them
out like a cross. What is the perimeter of her arrangement [(Fig 10.7
(ii)]?

(c) Which has a greater perimeter?

(d) Avneet wonders if there is a way of getting an even greater

perimeter. Can you find a way of doing this? (The paving slabs must
meet along complete edges, i.e. they cannot be broken.)

Solutions:

(a) Side of square = 3 × side

=3×1/2

=3/2m

Perimeter of Square = 4 × 3 / 2

=2×3

=6m
(b) Perimeter = 0.5 + 1 + 1 + 0.5 + 1 + 1 + 0.5 + 1 + 1 + 0.5 + 1 + 1

= 10 m

(c) The arrangement in the form of a cross has a greater perimeter.

(d) Perimeters greater than 10 m cannot be determined.

Exercise 10.2 Page No. 216

1. Find the areas of the following figures by counting squares:

(a) The figure contains only 9 fully filled squares. Hence, the area of this
figure will be 9 square units.

(b) The figure contains only 5 fully filled squares. Hence, the area of this
figure will be 5 square units.

(c) The figure contains 2 fully filled squares and 4 half filled squares. Hence,
the area of this figure will be 4 square units.

(d) The figure contains only 8 fully filled squares. Hence, the area of this
figure will be 8 square units.

(e) The figure contains only 10 fully filled squares. Hence, the area of this
figure will be 10 square units.

(f) The figure contains only 2 fully filled squares and 4 half filled squares.
Hence, the area of this figure will be 4 square units.

(g) The figure contains 4 fully filled squares and 4 half filled squares. Hence,
the area of this figure will be 6 square units.

(h) The figure contains 5 fully filled squares. Hence, the area of this figure
will be 5 square units.

(i) The figure contains 9 fully filled squares. Hence, the area of this figure will
be 9 square units.

(j) The figure contains 2 fully filled squares and 4 half filled squares. Hence,
the area of this figure will be 4 square units.
(k) The figure contains 4 fully filled squares and 2 half filled squares. Hence,
the area of this figure will be 5 square units.

(l) From the given figure, we observe

Covered Area Number Area Estimate (square units)

Fully filled squares 2 2

Half filled squares – –

More than half filled squares 6 6

Less than half filled squares 6 0

Therefore total area = 2 + 6

= 8 square units.

(m) From the given figure, we observe

Covered Area Number Area Estimate (square units)

Fully filled squares 5 5

Half filled squares – –

More than half filled squares 9 9

 Less than half filled squares 12 0

Therefore total area = 5 + 9

= 14 square units

(n) From the given figure, we observe

Covered Area Number Area estimate (square units)

Fully filled squares 8 8

Half filled squares – –

More than half filled squares 10 10

Less than half filled squares 9 0

Therefore total area = 8 + 10 = 18 square units

Exercise 10.3 Page No. 219

1. Find the area of the rectangles whose sides are:

(a) 3 cm and 4 cm

(b) 12 m and 21 m

(c) 2 km and 3 km

(d) 2 m and 70 cm
Solutions:

We know that

Area of rectangle = Length × Breadth

(a) l = 3 cm and b = 4 cm

Area = l × b = 3 × 4

= 12 cm2

(b) l = 12 m and b = 21 m

Area = l × b = 12 × 21

= 252 m2

(c) l = 2 km and b = 3 km

Area = l × b = 2 × 3

= 6 km2

(d) l = 2 m and b = 70 cm = 0.70 m

Area = l × b = 2 × 0.70

= 1.40 m2

2. Find the areas of the squares whose sides are:

(a) 10 cm

(b) 14 cm

(c) 5 m

Solutions:

(a) Area of square = side2

= 102
= 100 cm2

(b) Area of square = side2

= 142

= 196 cm2

(c) Area of square = side2

= 52

=25 cm2

3. The length and breadth of the three rectangles are as given

below:

(a) 9 m and 6 m

(b) 17 m and 3 m

(c) 4 m and 14 m

Which one has the largest area, and which one has the smallest?

Solutions:

(a) Area of rectangle = l × b

=9×6

= 54 m2

(b) Area of rectangle = l × b

= 17 × 3

= 51 m2

(c) Area of rectangle = l × b

= 4 × 14
= 56 m2

The area of rectangle 56 m2, i.e. (c), is the largest area and the area of
rectangle 51 m2, i.e. (b), is the smallest area

4. The area of a rectangular garden 50 m long is 300 sq m. Find the

width of the garden.

Solutions:

Area of rectangle = length × width

300 = 50 × width

width = 300 / 50

width = 6 m

∴ The width of the garden is 6 m.

5. What is the cost of tiling a rectangular plot of land 500 m long

and 200 m wide at the rate of ₹ 8 per hundred sq m?

Solutions:

Area of land = length × breadth

= 500 × 200

= 1,00,000 m2

∴ Cost of tiling 1,00,000 sq m of land = (8 × 1,00,000) / 100

= ₹ 8000

∴ The cost of tiling a rectangular plot of land is ₹ 8000.

6. A tabletop measures 2 m by 1 m 50 cm. What is its area in square

metres?

Solutions:
Given

l = 2m

b = 1m 50 cm = 1.50 m

Area = l × b = 2 × 1.50

= 3 m2

∴ The area of the tabletop is 3 m2.

7. A room is 4 m long and 3 m 50 cm wide. How many square metres

of carpet are needed to cover the floor of the room?

Solutions:

Given

l = 4m

b = 3 m 50 cm = 3.50 m

Area = l × b = 4 × 3.50

= 14 m2

∴ The carpet required to cover the floor is 14 m2.

8. A floor is 5 m long and 4 m wide. A square carpet of sides 3 m is

laid on the floor. Find the area of the floor that is not carpeted.

Solutions:

Area of floor = l × b = 5 × 4

= 20 m2

Area of square carpet = 3 × 3

= 9 m2
Area of floor that is not carpeted = 20 – 9

= 11 m2

∴ The area of the floor that is not carpeted is 11 m 2.

9. Five square flower beds, each of sides 1 m, are dug on a piece of

land 5 m long and 4 m wide. What is the area of the remaining part
of the land?

Solutions:

Area of flower square bed = 1 × 1

= 1 m2

Area of 5 square bed = 1 × 5

= 5 m2

Area of land = 5 × 4

= 20 m2

Remaining part of the land = Area of land – Area of 5 square bed

= 20 – 5

= 15 m2

∴ The remaining part of the land is 15 m2.

10. By splitting the following figures into rectangles, find their areas
(The measures are given in centimetres).
Solutions:

(a)

Area of yellow region = 3 × 3

= 9 cm2
Area of orange region = 1× 2

= 2 cm2

Area of grey region = 3 × 3

= 9 cm2

Area of brown region = 2 × 4

= 8 cm2

Total area = 9 + 2 + 9 + 8

= 28 cm2

∴ The total area is 28 cm2.

(b)

Area of brown region = 3 × 1

= 3 cm2

Area of orange region = 3 × 1

= 3 cm2

Area of grey region = 3 × 1

= 3 cm2
Total area = 3 + 3 + 3

= 9 cm2

∴ The total area is 9 cm2.

11. Split the following shapes into rectangles and find their areas.
(The measures are given in centimetres)

Solutions:

(a)

Total area of the figure = 12 × 2 + 8 × 2

= 40 cm2

(b)

There are 5 squares, and each side is 7 cm.

Area of 5 squares = 5 × 72

= 245 cm2

(c)

Area of grey rectangle = 2 × 1

= 2 cm2

Area of brown rectangle = 2 × 1

= 2 cm2

Area of orange rectangle = 5 × 1

= 5 cm2

Total area = 2 + 2 + 5

= 9 cm2

12. How many tiles whose length and breadth are 12 cm and 5 cm,
respectively, will be needed to fit in a rectangular region whose
length and breadth are respectively:

(a) 100 cm and 144 cm?

(b) 70 cm and 36 cm?

Solutions:

(a) Area of rectangle = 100 × 144

= 14400 cm

Area of one tile = 5 × 12

= 60 cm2

Number of tiles = (Area of rectangle) / (Area of one tile)

= 14400 / 60

= 240

Hence, 240 tiles are needed

(b) Area of rectangle = 70 × 36

= 2520 cm2

Area of one tile = 5 × 12

= 60 cm2

Number of tiles = (Area of rectangle) / (Area of one tile)

= 2520 / 60

= 42

Hence, 42 tiles are needed.

Also, explore –

NCERT Solutions for Class 6

Frequently Asked Questions on NCERT

Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 10
Q1
How to calculate an area of irregular shapes covered
in Chapter 10 of NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths?
The area of an irregular figure can be calculated as listed below:
Step 1: Divide the irregular shape into regular shapes that you can recognise. For
example, triangles, rectangles, circles and squares.
Step 2: Find the area of these individual shapes and add them. The sum will be the area
of the irregular figure.
Q2
Explain the perimeter of irregular shapes as per
Chapter 10 of NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths.
Irregular shapes are shapes which do not have all sides and angles equal. The perimeter
of irregular shapes is equal to the total length covered by the shape. In the figure given,
the perimeter is the sum of all sides.
Q3
What is mensuration covered in Chapter 10 of NCERT
Solutions for Class 6 Maths?
Mensuration is a branch of Mathematics which is a topic in Geometry. It is a study of
various geometrical shapes, their length, breadth, volume, and area for 2D as well as
3D shapes. Mensuration is the branch of Mathematics that deals with the measurement
of the length, area or volume of various geometric shapes.

Exercise 11.1 Page no: 226

1. Find the rule which gives the number of matchsticks required to

make the following matchsticks patterns. Use a variable to write the
rule.

(a) A pattern of letter T as

(b) A pattern of letter Z as

(c) A pattern of letter U as

(d) A pattern of letter Vas

(e) A pattern of letter E as

(f) A pattern of letter S as

(g) A pattern of letter A as

Solutions:
(a)

From the figure we observe that two matchsticks are required to make a
letter T. Hence, the pattern is 2n

(b)

From the figure we observe that three matchsticks are required to make a
letter Z. Hence, the pattern is 3n

(c)

From the figure we observe that three matchsticks are required to make a
letter U. Hence, the pattern is 3n

(d)
From the figure we observe that two matchsticks are required to make a
letter V. Hence, the pattern is 2n

(e)

From the figure we observe that 5 matchsticks are required to make a letter
E. Hence, the pattern is 5n

(f)

From the figure we observe that 5 matchsticks are required to make a letter
S. Hence, the pattern is 5n

(g)
From the figure we observe that 6 matchsticks are required to make a letter
A. Hence, the pattern is 6n

2. We already know the rule for the pattern of letters L, C and F.

Some of the letters from Q.1 (given above) give us the same rule as
that given by L. Which are these? Why does this happen?

Solutions:

We know that T requires only two matchsticks. So, the pattern for letter T is
2n. Among all the letters given in question 1, only T and V are the letters
which require two matchsticks. Hence, (a) and (d).

3. Cadets are marching in a parade. There are 5 cadets in a row.

What is the rule which gives the number of cadets, given the
number of rows? (Use n for the number of rows)

Solutions:

Let n be the number of rows

Number of cadets in a row = 5

Total number of cadets = number of cadets in a row × number of rows

= 5n

4. If there are 50 mangoes in a box, how will you write the total
number of mangoes in terms of the number of boxes? (Use b for the
number of boxes.)

Solutions:
Let b be the number of boxes

Number of mangoes in a box = 50

Total number of mangoes = number of mangoes in a box × number of boxes

= 50b

5. The teacher distributes 5 pencils per students. Can you tell how
many pencils are needed, given the number of students? (Use s for
the number of students.)

Solutions:

Let s be the number of students

Pencils given to each student = 5

Total number of pencils = number of pencils given to each student × number

of students

= 5s

6. A bird flies 1 kilometer in one minute. Can you express the

distance covered by the birds in terms of its flying time in minutes?
(Use t for flying time in minutes.)

Solutions:

Let t minutes be the flying time

Distance covered in one minute = 1 km

Distance covered in t minutes = Distance covered in one minute × Flying

time

=1×t

= t km
7. Radha is drawing a dot Rangoli (a beautiful pattern of lines
joining dots) with chalk powder. She has 9 dots in a row. How many
dots will her Rangoli have for r rows? How many dots are there if
there are 8 rows? If there are 10 rows?

Solutions:

Number of dots in a row = 9

Number of rows = r

Total number of dots in r rows = Number of dots in a row × number of rows

= 9r

Number of dots in 8 rows = 8 × 9

= 72

Number of dots in 10 rows = 10 × 9

= 90

8. Leela is Radha’s younger sister. Leela is 4 years younger than

Radha. Can you write Leela’s age in terms of Radha’s age? Take
Radha’s age to be x years.

Solutions:

Let Radha’s age be x years

Leela’s age = 4 years younger than Radha

= (x – 4) years

9. Mother has made laddus. She gives some laddus to guests and
family members; still 5 laddus remain. If the number of laddus
mother gave away is l, how many laddus did she make?

Solutions:
Number of laddus mother gave = l

Remaining laddus = 5

Total number of laddus = number of laddus given away by mother + number

of laddus remaining

= (l + 5) laddus

10. Oranges are to be transferred from larger boxes into smaller

boxes. When a large box is emptied, the oranges from it fill two
smaller boxes and still 10 oranges remain outside. If the number of
oranges in a small box are taken to be x, what is the number of
oranges in the larger box?

Solutions:

Number of oranges in a small box = x

Number of oranges in two small boxes = 2x

Number of oranges remained = 10

Number of oranges in large box = number of oranges in two small boxes +

number of oranges remained

= 2x + 10

11. (a) Look at the following matchstick pattern of squares (Fig

11.6). The squares are not separate. Two neighbouring squares
have a common matchstick. Observe the patterns and find the rule
that gives the number of matchsticks
in terms of the number of squares. (Hint: If you remove vertical
stick at the end, you will get a pattern of Cs)

(b) Fig 11.7 gives a matchstick pattern of triangles. As in Exercise

11 (a) above, find the general rule that gives the number of
matchsticks in terms of the number of triangles.

Solutions:

(a) We may observe that in the given matchstick pattern, the number of
matchsticks are 4, 7, 10 and 13, which is 1 more than the thrice of the
number of squares in the pattern

Therefore, the pattern is 3x + 1, where x is the number of squares

(b) We may observe that in the given matchstick pattern, the number of
matchsticks are 3, 5, 7 and 9 which is 1 more than the twice of the number
of triangles in the pattern.

Therefore, the pattern is 2x + 1, where x is the number of triangles.

Exercise 11.2 page no: 230

1. The side of an equilateral triangle is shown by l. Express the

perimeter of the equilateral triangle using l.

Solutions:

Side of equilateral triangle = l

Perimeter = l + l + l
= 3l

2. The side of the regular hexagon (Fig 11.10) is denoted by l.

Express the perimeter of the hexagon using l.

(Hint: A regular hexagon has all its six sides equal in length.)

Solutions:

Side of a regular hexagon = l

Perimeter = l + l + l + l + l + 1

= 6l

3. A cube is three dimensional figure as shown in Fig 11.11. It has

six faces and all of them are identical squares. The length of an
edge of the cube is given by l. Find the formula for the total length
of the edges of a cube.
Solutions:

Length of an edge of the cube = l

Number of edges = 12

Total length of the edges = Number of edges × length of an edge

=12l

4. The diameter of a circle is a line which joins two points on the

circle and also passes through the centre of the circle. (In the
adjoining figure (Fig 11.2) AB is a diameter of a circle; C is its
centre.) Express the diameter of the circle (d) in terms of its radius
(r).
Solutions:

Diameter = AB

= AC + CB

=r+r

= 2r

Hence, the diameter of the circle in terms of its radius is 2r

5. To find sum of three numbers 14, 27 and 13 we can have two

ways:

(a) We may first add 14 and 27 to get 41and then add 13 to it to get
the total sum 54 or
(b) We may add 27 and 13 to get 40 and then add 14 to get the sum
54. Thus, (14 + 27) + 13 = 14 + (27 + 13)

Solutions:

For any three whole numbers a, b and c

(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

Exercise 11.3 page no: 233

1. Make up as many expressions with numbers (no variables) as you

can from three numbers 5, 7 and 8. Every number should be used
not more than once. Use only addition, subtraction and
multiplication.

Solutions:

Some of the expressions formed by 5, 7 and 8 are as follows

5 × (8 – 7)

5 × (8 + 7)

(8 + 5) × 7

(8 – 5) × 7

(7 + 5) × 8

(7 – 5) × 8

2. Which out of the following are expressions with numbers only?

(a) y + 3

(b) (7 × 20) – 8z

(c) 5 (21 – 7) + 7 × 2
(d) 5

(e) 3x

(f) 5 – 5n

(g) (7 × 20) – (5 × 10) – 45 + p

Solutions:

(c) and (d) are the expressions with numbers only.

3. Identify the operations (addition, subtraction, division,

multiplication) in forming the following expressions and tell how the
expressions have been formed.

(a) z + 1, z – 1, y + 17, y – 17

(b) 17y, y / 17, 5z

(c) 2y + 17, 2y – 17

(d) 7m, -7m + 3, -7m – 3

Solutions:

(a) z + 1 = 1 is added to z = Addition

z – 1 = 1 is subtracted from z = Subtraction

y + 17 = 17 is added to y = Addition

y – 17 = 17 is subtracted from y = Subtraction

(b) 17y = y is multiplied by 17 = Multiplication

y / 17 = y is divided by 17 = Division

5z = z is multiplied by 5 = Multiplication

(c) 2y + 17 = y is multiplied by 2 and 17 is added to the result =

Multiplication and addition
2y – 17 = y is multiplied by 2 and 17 is subtracted from the result =
Multiplication and subtraction

(d) 7m = m is multiplied by 7 = multiplication

-7m + 3 = m is multiplied by -7 and 3 is added to the result = Multiplication

and addition

-7m – 3 = m is multiplied by -7 and 3 is subtracted from the result =

Multiplication and subtraction

4. Give expressions for the following cases.

(a) 7 added to p

(b) 7 subtracted from p

(c) p multiplied by 7

(d) p divided by 7

(e) 7 subtracted from –m

(f) –p multiplied by 5

(g) –p divided by 5

(h) p multiplied by -5

Solutions:

(a) 7 is added to p is (p + 7)

(b) 7 subtracted from p is (p – 7)

(c) p multiplied by 7 is (7p)

(d) p divided by 7 is (p / 7)

(e) 7 subtracted from –m is (-m – 7)

(f) –p multiplied by 5 is (-5p)

(g) –p divided by 5 is (–p / 5)

(h) p multiplied by -5 is (-5p)

5. Give expressions in the following cases.

(a) 11 added to 2m

(b) 11 subtracted from 2m

(c) 5 times y to which 3 is added

(d) 5 times y from which 3 is subtracted

(e) y is multiplied by -8

(f) y is multiplied by -8 and then 5 is added to the result

(g) y is multiplied by 5 and the result is subtracted from 16

(h) y is multiplied by -5 and the result is added to 16.

Solutions:

(a) 11 added to 2m is (2m + 11)

(b) 11 subtracted from 2m is (2m – 11)

(c) 5 times y to which 3 is added is (5y + 3)

(d) 5 times y from which 3 is subtracted is (5y – 3)

(e) y is multiplied by -8 is (-8y)

(f) y is multiplied by -8 and then 5 is added to the result is (-8y + 5)

(g) y is multiplied by 5 and the result is subtracted from 16 is (16 – 5y)

(h) y is multiplied by -5 and the result is added to 16 is (-5y + 16)

6. (a) Form expressions using t and 4. Use not more than one
number operation. Every expression must have t in it.
(b) Form expressions using y, 2 and 7. Every expression must have y
in it. Use only two number operations. These should be different.

Solutions:

(a) (t + 4), (t – 4), 4t, (t / 4), (4 / t), (4 – t), (4 + t) are the expressions using t
and 4

(b) 2y + 7, 2y – 7, 7y + 2,… are the expression using y, 2 and 7

Exercise 11.4 page no: 235

1. Answer the following:

(a) Take Sarita’s present age to be y years

(i) What will be her age 5 years from now?

(ii) What was her age 3 years back?

(iii) Sarita’s grandfather is 6 times her age. What is the age of her
grandfather?

(iv) Grandmother is two year younger than grandfather. What is

grandmother’s age?

(v) Sarita’s father’s age is 5 years more than 3 times Sarita’s age.
What is her father’s age?

(b) The length of a rectangular hall is 4 meters less than three times
the breadth of the hall. What is the length, if the breadth is b
meters?

(c) A rectangular box has height h cm. Its length is 5 times the
height and breadth is 10 cm less than the length. Express the length
and the breadth of the box in terms of the height.
(d) Meena, Beena and Reena are climbing the steps to the hill top.
Meena is at step s, Beena is 8 steps ahead and Leena 7 steps
behind. Where are Beena and Meena? The total number of steps to
the hill top is 10 less than 4 times what Meena has reached. Express
the total number of steps using s.

(e) A bus travels at v km per hour. It is going from Daspur to

Beespur. After the bus has travelled 5 hours, Beespur is still 20 km
away. What is the distance from Daspur to Beespur? Express it
using v.

Solutions:

(a) (i) Sarita’s age aftyer 5 years from now = Sarita’s present age + 5

= (y + 5) years

(ii) Sarita’s age 3 years back = Sarita’s present age – 3

= (y – 3) years

(iii) Grandfather’s age = 6 × Sarita’s present age

= 6y years

(iv) Grandmother’s age = granfather’s present age – 2

= (6y -2) years

(v) Father’s age = 5 + 3 × Sarita’s present age

= (5 + 3y) years

(b) Length = 3 × Breadth – 4

l = (3b – 4) metres

(c) Length = 5 × Breadth

l = 5h cm

Breadth = 5 × length – 10

b = (5h – 10) cm

(d) The step at which Beena is = (step at which Meena is) + 8

= (s + 8)

The step at which Leena is = (step at which Meena is) – 7

= (s – 7)

Total steps = 4 × (step at which Meena is) – 10

= (4s – 10)

(e) Speed = v km / hr

Distance travelled in 5 hours = 5 × v

= 5v km

Total distance travelled between Daspur and Beespur = (5v + 20) km

2. Change the following statements using expressions into
statements in ordinary language.

(For example, Given Salim scores r runs in a cricket match, Nalin

scores (r + 15) runs. In ordinary language – Nalin scores 15 runs
more than Salim.)

(a) A notebook costs ₹ p. A book costs ₹ 3p

(b) Tony put q marbles on the table. He has 8 q marbles in his box.

(c) Our class has n students. The school has 20 n students.

(d) Jaggu is z years old. His uncle is 4z years old and his aunt is (4z –
3) years old.

(e) In an arrangement of dots there are r rows. Each row contains 5

dots

Solutions:

(a) A book costs 3 times the cost of a notebook.

(b) Tony’s box contains 8 times the number of marbles on the table

(c) Total number of students in the school is 20 times that of our class

(d) Jaggu’s uncle is 4 times older than Jaggu and Jaggu’s aunt is 3 years
younger than his uncle

(e) The total number of dots is 5 times the number of rows

3. (a) Given Munnu’s age to be x years, can you guess what (x – 2)

may show?

Can you guess what (x + 4) may show? What (3x + 7) may show?

(b) Given Sara’s age today to be y years. Think of her age in the
future or in the past.
What will the following expression indicate? Y + 7, y – 3,

(c) Given n students in the class like football, what may 2n shows?
What may n / 2 show?

Solutions:

(a) (x – 2) represents the person whose age is (x – 2) years and he is 2 years

younger to Munnu

(x + 4) represents the person whose age is (x + 4) years and he is 4 years

elder than Munnu

(3x + 7) represents the person whose age is (3x + 7) years, elder to Munnu
and his age is 7 years more than the three times of the age of Munnu

(b) In future

After n years since now, Sara’s age will be (y + n) years

In past

n years ago, Sara’s age was (y – n) years

(y + 7) represents the person whose age is (y + 7) years and is 7 years elder

to Sara

(y – 3) represents the person whose age is (y – 3) years and is 3 years

younger to Sara

represents the person whose age is years and is years elder

to Sara

represents the person whose age is years and is years

younger to Sara
(c) 2n shows the number of students who like either football or some other
game like tennis whereas n / 2 shows the number of students who like tennis
out of the total number of students who like football.

Exercise 11.5 page no: 240

1. State which of the following are equations (with a variable). Give

reason for your answer. Identify the variable from the equations
with a variable.

(a) 17 = x + 17

(b) (t – 7) > 5

(c) 4 / 2 = 2

(d) (7 × 3) – 19 = 8

(e) 5 × 4 – 8 = 2x

(f) x – 2 = 0

(g) 2m < 30

(h) 2n + 1 = 11

(i) 7 = (11 × 5) – (12 × 4)

(j) 7 = (11 × 2) + p

(k) 20 = 5y

(l) 3q/ 2 < 5

(m) z + 12 > 24

(n) 20 – (10 – 5) = 3 × 5

(o) 7 – x = 5

Solutions:
(a) An equation with variable x

(b) An inequality equation

(c) No, it’s a numerical equation

(d) No, it’s a numerical equation

(e) An equation with variable x

(f) An equation with variable x

(g) An inequality equation

(h) An equation with variable n

(i) No, it’s a numerical equation

(j) An equation with variable p

(k) An equation with variable y

(l) An inequality equation

(m) An inequality equation

(n) No, it’s a numerical equation

(o) An equation with variable x

2. Complete the entries in the third column of the table.

S.No Equation Value of variable Equation satisfied

Yes / No

(a) 10y = 80 y = 10

(b) 10y = 80 y=8

(c) 10y = 80 y=5

 (d) 4l = 20 l = 20

(e) 4l = 20 l = 80

(f) 4l = 20 l=5

(g) b+5=9 b=5

(h) b+5=9 b=9

(i) b+5=9 b=4

(j) h–8=5 h = 13

(k) h–8=5 h=8

(l) h–8=5 h=0

(m) p+3=1 p=3

(n) p+3=1 p=1

(o) p+3=1 p=0

(p) p+3=1 p = -1

(q) p+3=1 p = -2

Solutions:

(a) 10y = 80

y = 10 is not a solution for this equation because if y = 10,

10y = 10 × 10

= 100 and not 80

(b) 10y = 80

y = 8 is a solution for this equation because if y = 8,

10y = 10 × 8

= 80

∴ Equation satisfied

(c) 10y = 80

y = 5 is not a solution for this equation because if y = 5,

10y = 10 × 5

= 50 and not 80

(d) 4l = 20

l = 20 is not a solution for this equation because if l = 20,

4l = 4 × 20

= 80 and not 20

(e) 4l = 20

l = 80 is not a solution for this equation because if l = 80,

4l = 4 × 80

= 320 and 20

(f) 4l = 20

l = 5 is a solution for this eqaution because if l = 5,

4l = 4 × 5

= 20

∴ Equation satisfied

(g) b + 5 = 9

b = 5 is not a solution for this equation because if b = 5,

b+5=5+5

= 10 and not 9

(h) b + 5 = 9

b = 9 is not a solution for this equation because if b = 9,

b+5=9+5

= 14 and not 9

(i) b + 5 = 9

b = 4 is a solution for this equation because if b = 4,

b+5=4+5

=9

∴ Equation satisfied

(j) h – 8 = 5

h = 13 is a solution for this equation because if h = 13,

h – 8 = 13 – 8

=5

∴ Equation satisfied

(k) h – 8 = 5

h = 8 is not a solution for this equation because if h = 8,

h–8=8–8

= 0 and not 5

(l) h – 8 = 5

h = 0 is not a solution for this equation because if h = 0,

h–8=0–8

= – 8 and not 5

(m) p + 3 = 1

p = 3 is not a solution for this equation because if p = 3,

p+3=3+3

= 6 and not 1

(n) p + 3 = 1

p = 1 is not a solution for this equation because if p = 1,

p+3=1+3

= 4 and not 1

(o) p + 3 = 1

p = 0 is not a solution for this equation because if p = 0,

p+3=0+3

= 3 and not 1

(p) p + 3 = 1

p = -1 is not a solution for this equation because if p = – 1,

p + 3 = -1 + 3

= 2 and not 1

(q) p + 3 = 1

p = -2 is a solution for this equation because if p = -2,

p + 3 = -2 + 3

=1
∴ Equation satisfied

3. Pick out the solution from the values given in the bracket next to
each equation.

Show that the other values do not satisfy the equation.

(a) 5m = 60 (10, 5, 12, 15)

(b) n + 12 (12, 8, 20, 0)

(c) p – 5 = 5 (0, 10, 5 – 5)

(d) q / 2 = 7 (7, 2, 10, 14)

(e) r – 4 = 0 (4, -4, 8, 0)

(f) x + 4 = 2 (-2, 0, 2, 4)

Solutions:

(a) 5m = 60

m = 12 is a solution for this equation because for m = 12,

5m = 5 × 12

= 60

∴ Equation satisfied

m = 10 is not a solution for this equation because for m = 10,

5m = 5 × 10

= 50 and not 60

m = 5 is not a solution for this equation because for m = 5,

5m = 5 × 5

= 25 and not 60
m = 15 is not a solution for this equation because for m = 15,

5m = 5 × 15

= 75 and not 60

(b) n + 12 = 20

n = 8 is a solution for this equation because for n = 8,

n + 12 = 8 + 12

= 20

∴ Equation satisfied

n = 12 is not a solution for this equation because for n = 12,

n + 12 = 12 + 12

= 24 and not 20

n = 20 is not a solution for this equation because for n = 20,

n + 12 = 20 + 12

= 32 and not 20

n = 0 is not a solution for this equation because for n = 0,

n + 12 = 0 + 12

= 12 and not 20

(c) p – 5 = 5

p = 10 is a solution for this equation because for p = 10,

p – 5 = 10 – 5

=5

∴ Equation satisfied
p = 0 is not a solution for this equation because for p = 0,

p–5=0–5

= -5 and not 5

p = 5 is not a solution for this equation because for p = 5,

p–5=5–5

= 0 and not 5

p = -5 is not a solution for this equation because for p = -5,

p – 5 = -5 – 5

= – 10 and not 5

(d) q / 2 = 7

q = 14 is a solution for this equation because for q = 14,

q / 2 = 14 / 2

=7

∴ Equation satisfied

q = 7 is not a solution for this equation because for q = 7,

q / 2 = 7 / 2 and not 7

q = 2 is not a solution for this equation because for q = 2,

q/2=2/2

= 1 and not 7

q = 10 is not a solution for this equation because for q = 10,

q / 2 = 10 / 2

= 5 and not 7
(e) r – 4 = 0

r = 4 is a solution for this equation because for r = 4,

r–4=4–4

=0

∴ Equation satisfied

r = -4 is not a solution for this equation because for r = – 4,

r–4=–4–4

= -8 and not 0

r = 8 is not a solution for this equation because for r = 8,

r–4=8–4

= 4 and not 0

r = 0 is not a solution for this equation because for r = 0,

r–4=0–4

= – 4 and not 0

(f) x + 4 = 2

x = -2 is a solution for this equation because for x = -2,

x+4=–2+4

=2

∴ Equation satisfied

x = 0 is not solution for this equation because for x = 0,

x+4=0+4

= 4 and not 2
x = 2 is not a solution for this equation because for x = 2,

x+4=2+4

= 6 and not 2

x = 4 is not a solution for this equation because for x = 4,

x+4=4+4

= 8 and not 2

4. (a)Complete the table and by inspection of the table find the

solution to the equation m + 10 = 16.

m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 — — —

m + 10 — — — — — — — — — — — — —

(b) Complete the table and by inspection of the table, find the
solution to the equation 5t = 35

t 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 — — — — —

5t — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

(c) Complete the table and find the solution of the equation z / 3 = 4
using the table.

z 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 — — — —

z/3 3 — — — — — — — — — —
(d) Complete the table and find the solution to the equation m – 7 =
3.

m 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 — —

m–7 — — — — — — — — — — —

Solutions:

(a) For m + 10, the table is represented as below

m m + 10

1 1 + 10 = 11

2 2 + 10 = 12

3 3 + 10 = 13

4 4 + 10 = 14

5 5 + 10 = 15

6 6 + 10 = 16

7 7 + 10 = 17

8 8 + 10 = 18
 9 9 + 10 = 19

10 10 = 10 = 20

Now, by inspection we may conclude that m = 6 is the solution of the above

equation since, for m = 6,

m + 10 = 6 + 10 = 16

(b) For 5t, the table is represented as below

t 5t

3 5 × 3 = 15

4 5 × 4 = 20

5 5 × 5 = 25

6 5 × 6 = 30

7 5 × 7 = 35

8 5 × 8 = 40

9 5 × 9 = 45

10 5 × 10 = 50

11 5 × 11 = 55
Now, by inspection we may conclude that t = 7 is the solution of the above
equation since, for t = 7,

5t = 5 × 7 = 35

(c) For z / 3, the table is represented as below

z z/3

8
8/3=

9 9/3=3

10
10 / 3 =

11
11 / 3 =

12 12 / 3 = 4

13
13 / 3 =

14
14 / 3 =

15 15 / 3 = 5
 16
16 / 3 =

Now, by inspection we may conclude that z = 12 is the solution of the above

equation since for z = 12,

z / 3 = 12 / 3 = 4

(d) For m – 7, the table is represented as below

m m–7

5 5 – 7 = -2

6 6 – 7 = -1

7 7–7=0

8 8–7=1

9 9–7=2

10 10 – 7 = 3

11 11 – 7 = 4

12 12 – 7 = 5
13 13 – 7 = 6

Now, by inspection we may conclude that m = 10 is the solution of the above

equation since, for m = 10,

m – 7 = 10 – 7 = 3

5. Solve the following riddles, you may yourself construct such

riddles.

Who am I?
(i) Go round a square

Counting every corner

Thrice and no more!

Add the count to me

To get exactly thirty four!

(ii) For each day of the week

Make an upcount from me

If you make no mistake

You will get twenty three!

(iii) I am a special number

Take away from me a six!

A whole cricket team

You will still be able to fix!

(iv) Tell me who I am

I shall give a pretty clue!

You will get me back

If you take me out of twenty two!

Solutions:

(i) There are 4 corners in a square.

Thrice the number of corners in the square = 3 × 4 = 12

When 12 is added to the number it becomes 34

So, the number will be the difference of 34 and 12

34 – 12 = 22
(ii) The result was 23 when the old number was up counted on Sunday

The result was 22 when the old number was up counted on Saturday

The result was 21 when the old number was up counted on Friday

The result was 20 when the old number was up counted on Thursday

The result was 19 when the old number was up counted on Wednesday

The result was 18 when the old number was up counted on Tuesday

The result was 17 when the old number was up counted on Monday

`Hence, the number taken at starting was 17 – 1 = 16

(iii) There are 11 players in a cricket team

If 6 is subtracted from a required number it will be 11

11 + 6 = 17

Hence, the number is 17

(iv) The required number is such that if it is subtracted from 22 the result is
the number itself.

The number is 11 because if it is subtracted from 22 the result will be 11

only.

Disclaimer:

Dropped Topics – 11.6 Use of variables in common rules, 11.7

Expressions with variables, 11.8 Using expressions practically, 11.9
What is an equation?, 11.10 Solution of an equation.