AQA

GCSE
BIOLOGY
4.1 | Cell Biology
QUESTION PAPER 1
Difficulty
EASY
Time allowed
65 minutes

Score Percentage

/54 %
4.1 | CELL BIOLOGY | QUESTION PAPER 1 1
Our lungs help us to breathe.

The image below shows the human breathing system.

(a) (i) Name part A.

...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Give one function of the ribs.

...............................................................................................................
(1)

(b) (i) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.

active transport diffusion osmosis

Oxygen moves from the air inside the lungs into the blood by the

process of .................................................... .
(1)

(ii) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.
 arteries capillaries veins

Oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood through the walls

of the .................................................... .
(1)

(iii) Inside the lungs, oxygen is absorbed from the air into the blood.

Give two adaptations of the lungs that help the rapid absorption of oxygen into
the blood.

1 ...........................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................

2 ...........................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
 Plants need different substances to

survive. Figure 1 shows the roots of a plant.

(a) (i) Mineral ions are absorbed through the roots.

Name one other substance absorbed through the roots.

...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) The plant in Figure 1 has a higher concentration of mineral ions in the cells of
its roots than the concentration of mineral ions in the soil.

Which two statements correctly describe the absorption of mineral ions into
the plant’s roots?

Tick ( ) two boxes.

The mineral ions are absorbed by active transport.

The mineral ions are absorbed by diffusion.

The mineral ions are absorbed down the concentration gradient.

The absorption of mineral ions needs energy.

(2)
 (iii) The plant in Figure 1 has roots adapted for absorption.

Figure 2 shows a magnified part of a root from Figure 1.

Describe how the root in Figure 2 is adapted for absorption.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(2)

(b) The leaves of plants have stomata.

What is the function of the stomata?

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(1)

(c) Figure 3 shows the underside of two leaves, A and B, taken from a plant in a man’s
house.
(i) In Figure 3, the cells labelled X control the size of the stomata.

What is the name of the cells labelled X?

Tick ( ) one box.

Guard cells

Phloem cells

Xylem cells

(1)

(ii) Describe how the appearance of the stomata in leaf B is different from the
appearance of the stomata in leaf A.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(1)

(iii) The man forgets to water the plant.

What might happen to the plant in the next few days if the stomata stay the
same as shown in leaf A in Figure 3?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 9 marks)
Substances can move into cells and out of cells.

(a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

active transport.

Water moves into cells and out of cells by osmosis.

reabsorption.

freely permeable

The water moves through a non-permeable membrane.

partially permeable

(2)

(b) Students put plant cells into two different strengths of sugar solutions, A and B.

The diagram below shows what the cells looked like after 1 hour.

Cell in Cell in
sugar solution A sugar solution B
(after 1 hour) (after 1 hour)

(i) Describe two ways in which the cell in sugar solution B is different from the
cell in sugar solution A.

1 ............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
 (2)

(ii) A student put red blood cells into water.

Suggest what would happen to the cells.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(1)

(c) In the human body, glucose is absorbed into the blood from the small intestine.

The small intestine contains many villi.

Which two of the following help the absorption of glucose in the small intestine?

Tick ( ) two boxes.

Villi have a cell wall.

Villi are covered in thick mucus.

Villi give the small intestine a large surface area.

Villi have many blood capillaries.

(2)
(Total 7 marks)
The diagram shows a cell.

(a) (i) Use words from the box to name the structures labelled A and B .

cell membrane chloroplast cytoplasm nucleus

A .......................................................

B .......................................................
(2)

(ii) The cell in the diagram is an animal cell.

How can you tell it is an animal cell and not a plant cell?

Give two reasons.

1 ............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Oxygen will diffuse into the cell in the diagram.

 Why?

Use information from the diagram.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(1)

(c) The cell shown in the diagram is usually found with similar cells.

Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

an organ.

Scientists call a group of similar cells a system.

a tissue.

(1)
(Total 6 marks)
After a meal rich in carbohydrates, the concentration of glucose in the small intestine
changes.

The table below shows the concentration of glucose at different distances along the small
intestine.

Concentration of
Distance along the
glucose in mol
small intestine in cm
dm−3

100 50

300 500

500 250

700 0

(a) At what distance along the small intestine is the glucose concentration highest?

............................................ cm
(1)

(b) Use the data in the table to plot a bar chart on the graph below.

• Label the y-axis.

• Choose a suitable scale.

 (4)

(c) Look at the graph above.

Describe how the concentration of glucose changes as distance increases along the
small intestine.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(2)

(d) Explain why the concentration of glucose in the small intestine changes between
100 cm and 300 cm.
 ........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(2)

(e) Explain why the concentration of glucose in the small intestine changes between
300 cm and 700 cm.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 12 marks)
The diagram shows a section through a plant leaf.

(a) Use words from the box to name two tissues in the leaf that transport substances
around the plant.

epidermis mesophyll phloem xylem

.................................................................. and
..................................................................
(1)

(b) Gases diffuse between the leaf and the surrounding air.

(i) What is diffusion?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) Name one gas that will diffuse from point A to point B on the diagram on a
sunny day.

...............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
 The diagram shows an alveolus and a blood vessel in the lung.

(a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

an artery.

(i) Blood vessel X is a capillary.

a vein.

(1)

diffusion.

(ii) Gases pass across the wall of the alveolus by evaporation.

fermentation.

(1)
 (iii) The table compares the concentrations of some gases in inhaled air and
exhaled air.

Complete the table.

Write ‘lower’ or ‘higher’ in each box.
One line has been completed for you as an example.

Concentration
Gas
Inhaled air Exhaled air

Water vapour lower higher

Carbon dioxide

Oxygen
(2)

(b) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

blood plasma.

(i) Oxygen is carried in the blood mainly in red blood cells.

white blood cells.

(1)

carbon dioxide.

(ii) In the blood, the oxygen combines with haemoglobin.

urea.

(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Substances can move into and out of cells.

(a) (i) How does oxygen move into and out of cells?

Draw a ring around one answer.

diffusion digestion photosynthesis

(1)

(ii) Diagram 1 shows the percentage concentration of oxygen in three cells, A, B

and C.

Diagram 1

Oxygen can move from cell to cell.

Into which cell, A, B or C, will oxygen move the fastest?

(1)

(b) (i) How does water move into and out of cells?

Draw a ring around one answer.

breathing osmosis respiration

(1)

(ii) Differences in the concentration of sugars in cells cause water to move into or
out of cells at different rates.
Diagram 2 shows three different cells, P, Q and R.

The information shows the percentage concentration of sugar solution

in cells P, Q and R.

Diagram 2

Water can move from cell to cell.

Into which cell, P, Q or R, will water move the fastest?

(1)
(Total 4 marks)
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