PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA PITAMPURA SHIFT-1

CLASS-XII
CHAPTER-7 INTEGRALS
SHORT – ANSWER QUESTIONS OF INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 Integrate
𝒄𝒐𝒔√𝒙
with respect to x,
√𝒙
𝑑𝑡 1 1
Put t=√𝑥 = 𝑡, = dx, 2dt= dx.
𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥 √𝑥
I =∫ cos 𝑡 .2dt =2sin 𝑡 +C =2sin √𝑥 +C.
2 Evaluate∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟑 𝒙 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙,
𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 = 𝑡 ⇒ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
⇒ ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑡 3 /3 + 𝑐 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 / 3 + 𝑐
3 sec2 x
Evaluate  dx ,
3  tan x
Put 3 + tan x = t , sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
dt
I =   log t  c I = log 3  tan x  c
t
4 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙
Evaluate ∫ (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙)𝟐
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
I =∫ (cos 𝑥+sin 𝑥)2 =∫ (cos 𝑥+sin 𝑥)2 dx
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑡
= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 dx =∫ 𝑡 where cos 𝑥 +sin 𝑥 = 𝑡 𝑠𝑜 (cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥) dx=dt
= log t +C =log|cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥| +C.
5 𝒙+𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟔𝒙
Evaluate ∫ 𝟑𝒙𝟐 +𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟔𝒙dx
Let 3𝑥 2 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛6𝑥 = t,
𝟔𝒙 + 𝟔 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟔 𝒙 = 𝒅𝒕/𝒅𝒙
1 1 1
 I = 6 ∫ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 =6 𝑙𝑜𝑔|3𝑥 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛6𝑥| + 𝑐
2

6 Evaluate ∫ 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙

𝒅𝒙

(𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 1 1

∫ = ∫{ + } = ∫{ + }𝑑𝑥
𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
= ∫(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 + 𝐶

7 Evaluate: ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙

𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙

1
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
I=∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 =∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥

8 𝒆𝟐𝒙 −𝟏
∫ 𝒆𝟐𝒙 +𝟏 𝒅𝒙 ,
x 𝑒 −𝑒 𝑥 −𝑥
On dividing both Nr and Dr by e we get ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Put 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 = t and to get (𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 )dx=dt
1
∫ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 =log|𝑡|+c=log(𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 )+c
9 Evaluate ∫ (𝒙−𝟏)(𝟐𝒙+𝟑) 𝒅𝒙
𝟑𝒙+𝟐

3𝑥+2 𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑥−1 + 2𝑥+3
(𝑥−1)(2𝑥+3)
Let 3x+2=A(2x+3) +B(x-1)  A=1 B=1
 I =  dx   dx
x 1 2x  3
1
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 − 1| + 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔|2𝑥 + 3| + 𝑐
10
Evaluate 
xe x dx

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 1. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐
11 Integrate √𝟏 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 with respect to x.
2 2
1 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = −(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 1)= −[(𝑥 + 2)2 − (2)2 − 1]= −[(𝑥 + 2)2 − (√5) ]= √5 − (𝑥+2)2
Now,
2
∫ √1 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 dx =∫ √√5 − (𝑥+2)2 dx
𝑥+2 5 (𝑥+2)
= √1 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + sin−1 +C
2 2 √5
12 Evaluate:∫
𝒅𝒙
√𝒙𝟐 +𝟒𝒙+𝟏𝟎
2
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10 = (𝑥 + 2)2 − (2)2 + 10 = (𝑥 + 2)2 + (√6)

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼=∫ =∫ = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 |(𝑥 + 2) + √𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10| + 𝐶
√𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10
√(𝑥 + 2)2 + (√6)2

13 Evaluate: ∫ 𝒙𝟐 −𝟔𝒙+𝟏𝟑
𝒅𝒙

Solution:x2 – 6x +13 = (x−3)2 + 22

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑥−3
𝑆𝑜 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2 −6𝑥+13 =∫ (𝑥−3)2 +(2)2 = 2 tan-1 2 + c
14 Evaluate:∫
𝒅𝒙
√𝟔−𝟒𝒙−𝒙𝟐
2
Solution:6 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = −[𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 6]=[(𝑥 + 2)2 − 4 − 6] = (√10) − (𝑥 + 2)2
𝑑𝑥
𝐼=∫ =
√6 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+2
=∫ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1 +𝐶
2
√(√10) −(𝑥+2)2 √10

15 Evaluate:𝑰 = ∫
(𝟑𝒙−𝟏)𝒅𝒙
(𝒙+𝟐)𝟐
(3𝑥−1) 𝐴 𝐵
Solution: -Let = (𝑥+2) + (𝑥+2)2
(𝑥+2)2
3x−1=A(x+2) +B On comparison of coefficient A=3 and B= −7
(3𝑥−1) 3 7
So (𝑥+2)2 = (𝑥+2) − (𝑥+2)2
(3𝑥−1)𝑑𝑥 3 7 7
∫ = ∫ (𝑥+2) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (𝑥+2)2 𝑑𝑥= 3 log(x+2) +𝑥+2 + 𝑐
(𝑥+2)2
SHORT – ANSWER QUESTIONS OF DEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 4 𝑥
∫2 𝑥 2 +1 𝑑𝑥 =[log(𝑥 2 + 1)]42 =log17-log5=log (17/5)
2 1 tan−1 𝑥 (tan−1 𝑥)
2 1
(𝜋/4)2 𝜋2
∫0 1+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥=[ ] = =
2 2 32
0
3 ∫0
𝜋/4 𝜋/4
tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥|]0 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 |𝑠𝑒𝑐 (4 )| − 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑠𝑒𝑐 (0)|
𝜋

1
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|√2| − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 |1|= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|√2| 𝑜𝑟 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔2
𝑎
4 𝑎
2
3𝑥 3
∫ 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 8 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 [ ] = 3 𝑖. 𝑒. 𝑎3 = 8 , 𝑠𝑜 𝑎 = 2
0 3 0
5 1
∫−1 𝑥17 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =0 ,
𝑎
using property ∫−𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0, 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖. 𝑒. 𝑓 (−𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥)
𝜋
6 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − cos 𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥
0 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥−cos 𝑥
Let I = ∫02 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ………….. (1)
𝑎 𝑎
Using property∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓 (𝑎 − 𝑥)
𝜋 sin(𝜋−𝑥)−cos(𝜋−𝑥) 𝜋
cos 𝑥−sin 𝑥
I= ∫02 𝜋
2 2
𝜋 𝑑𝑥 ∫02 1+sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ………………… (2)
1+sin( −𝑥) cos( −𝑥)
2 2
𝜋
Adding (1) & (2),we get, 2I= ∫02 0. 𝑑𝑥 = 0
I=0
 𝝅 𝝅
7 Evaluate: 𝐈 = ∫𝟎𝟐 𝟏+
𝒅𝒙
𝐎𝐑 𝐈 = ∫𝟎𝟐
√𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝐝𝐱
√𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙 √𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙+√𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
Solution: -
𝜋
√𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
I = ∫02 dx ……………. (1)
√𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+√𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑎 𝑎
Using property∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥) we get
𝜋
𝜋 √𝑠𝑖𝑛( −𝑥) 𝜋
2 √𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫02 𝑑𝑥 ………..(2)
𝜋 𝜋
√𝑠𝑖𝑛( −𝑥)+√𝑐𝑜𝑠( −𝑥) √𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥+√𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
2 2

On adding (1) & (2) ,we get

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
√𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+√𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝜋
2I = ∫02 𝑑𝑥 = ∫02 1𝑑𝑥= (𝑥)02 =
√𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+√𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 2
𝜋
𝐼=
4
8 𝟏
I =∫𝟎 𝒙(𝟏 − 𝒙)𝒏
1 𝑎 𝑎
=∫0 (1 − 𝑥)(1 − (1 − 𝑥))𝑛 𝑑𝑥 ; using property∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
1
= ∫0 (1 − 𝑥)𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥

1
= ∫0 (𝑥 𝑛 − 𝑥 𝑛+1 )𝑑𝑥
𝑛+2 1
𝑥 𝑛+1 𝑥 1
= ( 𝑛+1 − 𝑛+2 ) = (𝑛+1)(𝑛+2)
0
9 8
x

2 10  x  x
8
x
 10  x  x
I= 2
𝑎 𝑎
By using property∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓 (𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
8
2𝐼 = ∫2 1. 𝑑𝑥 = 6
I 3
10
5
√𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 √7 − 𝑥 + √𝑥
𝑏 𝑏
We know that ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ,
5 5
√𝑥 √2 + 5 − 𝑥
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 √7 − 𝑥 + √𝑥 2 √7 − (2 + 5 − 𝑥) + √2 + 5 − 𝑥
5
√7 − 𝑥
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√7 − 𝑥 + √𝑥
2
5 5
√𝑥 + √7 − 𝑥
𝐼+𝐼 =∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥|52 = 5 − 2 = 3
2 √7 − 𝑥 + √𝑥 2
3
𝐼=
𝝅
2
11 Evaluate ∫ 𝝅
𝟑 √𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
𝒅𝒙
𝟏+ √𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
𝟔
π √tan(π+π−x)dx π
3 6 3 3 √cot xdx
I= ∫ π π =∫
π π 1+√cot x
6 1+√tan( + −x) 6
6 3
𝜋
1
 Ι=∫
𝜋
3
𝑑𝑥
1+ √tan 𝑥
6
𝜋 𝜋
3 1+√tan 𝑥 𝜋
 2I = ∫
𝜋 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 =𝜋
3
1+ √tan 𝑥 6
6 6
𝜋
I= 12
 𝝅
12 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝜋 𝑥+2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
I ∫ 0
2 2
𝑥
2
𝑑𝑥
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2
2
𝜋 𝜋
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
=∫02 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫02 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝑑𝑥
Using by parts for 1 st integral


𝑥 𝜋⁄2
𝜋
x  2
− ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝑑𝑥 +  tan dx =
𝑥
=[𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛 2] 2
0
0
2 2
𝝅
13 𝟐 𝟑 + 𝟓 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
∫ 𝒍𝒐𝒈 ( ) 𝒅𝒙
𝟎 𝟑 + 𝟓 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
a a
a
Using log =loga – logb and
b
use 
0
f ( x)dx   f (a  x)dx we get, 2I = 0
0

so, I=0
14 𝟖 5 8
𝐼 = ∫ |𝒙 − 𝟓| 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ |𝑥 − 5| 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ |𝑥 − 5| 𝑑𝑥
𝟐 2 5
5 8
= ∫ −(𝑥 − 5) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (𝑥 − 5) 𝑑𝑥
2 5
2 5 2 8
𝑥 𝑥
= [− + 5𝑥] + [ − 5𝑥] = 9
2 2
2 5
LONG – ANSWER QUESTIONS OF INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
𝒙
1 Integrate (𝒙−𝟏)𝟐 (𝒙+𝟐) with respect to x.
𝑥 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
Let = +(𝑥−1)2 +𝑥+2.
(𝑥−1)2 (𝑥+2) 𝑥−1
x = A(x-1) (x+2) +B(x+2) + C (𝑥 − 1)2 .
On taking x=1 we get B= 1/3.
On taking x=−2, we get −2=9C and C = −2/9.
Equating coefficient of 𝑥 2 , we get 0= A+C which gives A=2/9.
𝑥 2/9 1/3 −2/9
∫ (𝑥−1)2 (𝑥+2) 𝑑𝑥 =∫ 𝑥−1 +(𝑥−1)2 + 𝑥+2 dx
1
= 2/9 log|𝑥 − 1| − 3(𝑥−1) −2/9 log |𝑥 + 2| +C
𝑥−1 1
= 2/9 log| |− +C.
𝑥+2 3(𝑥−1)
2 Evaluate: 𝑰 = ∫ 𝟏+𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟏

Solution: -
Put 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑡 ⟹ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
dx=𝑒 𝑥 ⟹ dx = 𝑡
1 𝑑𝑡
I= ∫ (1+𝑡) 𝑡
Now written in partial fraction form as
1 𝐴 𝐵
= +
𝑡(𝑡+1) 𝑡 𝑡+1
1=A(t+1) +B t, On solving we get A=1 and B= -1
1 1 1 𝑡
I=∫ 𝑡(𝑡+1) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫( 𝑡 − 𝑡+1 )𝑑𝑡 =log t- log(t+1) +c =log(𝑡+1) +c
𝑒𝑥
I=log(𝑒 𝑥 +1) + 𝑐
3 Evaluate: 𝑰 = ∫ (𝒙𝟐 +𝟒)(𝒙𝟐+𝟐𝟓)
(𝒙𝟐 +𝟏)𝒅𝒙

Here we have all even powers of x, so let 𝑥 2 = 𝑦

𝑥 2 +1 𝑦+1
Let =
(𝑥 2 +4)(𝑥 2 +25) (𝑦+4)(𝑦+25)
 𝑦+1 𝐴 𝐵 1 8
= + After comparing A = − ,B=
(𝑦+4)(𝑦+25) 𝑦+4 𝑦+25 7 7
𝑥2 + 1 1 𝑑𝑥 8 𝑑𝑥
𝐼= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ + ∫
(𝑥 2 + 4)(𝑥 2 + 25) 7 𝑥2 + 4 7 𝑥 2 + 25
1 1 𝑥 8 𝑥
= − 7 ⨯ 2 tan−1 2 + 7⨯5 tan−1 5 + 𝑐
1 𝑥 8 𝑥
=− tan−1 2 + tan−1 5 + 𝑐
14 35

4 Find ∫
(𝒙+𝟐) 𝒅𝒙
.
√ 𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒙+𝟑
Let x+2 =A (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑)’ +B =A(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐)+B
On Comparing coefficient
2A=1 and A =1/2 and 2 = 2A +B. B=1.
So,
1
𝑥+2 𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥+2)+1 1 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
I= ∫ √𝑥 2 =∫ 2
√𝑥 2 +2𝑥+3
dx = 2∫ +∫ √𝑥 2
+2𝑥+3 √𝑡 +2𝑥+3
in 𝐼 put 𝑡 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3 and 𝑑𝑡 = (2𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥.
1 𝑑𝑥
= 2 .2√𝑡 +∫
2
√(𝑥+1)2 +√2

= √𝑡 +log|(𝑥 + 1) + √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3|+C
=√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3 + log|(𝑥 + 1) + √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3|+C.
5 Evaluate:∫
(𝟓𝒙+𝟑)𝒅𝒙
√𝒙𝟐 +𝟒𝒙+𝟏𝟎
Solution:
𝑑
5𝑥 + 3 = 𝐴( (𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10)) + 𝐵 OR 5𝑥 + 3 = 𝐴(2𝑥 + 4) + 𝐵
𝑑𝑥
5
𝐴 = , 4𝐴 + 𝐵 = 3 SO, 𝐵 = 3 − 10 = −7
2
5
5𝑥 + 3 = 2 (2𝑥 + 4) – 7
(5𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥 5 (2𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑆𝑜, ∫ = ∫ − 7∫
√𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10 2 √𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10 √𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10
5 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 5 √𝑡 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ − 7∫ = − ∫
2 √𝑡 2 1/2
√(𝑥 + 2)2 + (√6)2 √(𝑥 + 2)2 + (√6)2
= 5√𝑡 – 7 𝑙𝑜𝑔|(𝑥 + 2) + √𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10| + 𝑐
= 5√𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10 − 7 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 + 2 + √𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10| + 𝑐
6 Evaluate ∫ 𝒆𝒙 (𝒙+𝟏)𝟐 𝒅𝒙
(𝒙𝟐 +𝟏)

Sol:
𝑥2 − 1 + 1 + 1 𝑥 𝑥2 − 1 2
𝐼 = ∫( ) 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ( + ) 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 + 1)2
𝑥−1 2
= ∫( + ) 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 + 1 (𝑥 + 1)2
𝑥−1 2
𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
𝑥+1 (𝑥 + 1)2
Now it is of the form  e  f ( x)  f '( x)  dx
x

 x 1 
Hence, I= e x f ( x)  c  e x  c
 x 1 
7 Evaluate ∫ 𝒆𝒙 ( 𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝟏−𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙

1−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ( 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2
2
1 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥/2) 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥/2) 1 𝑥 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑒𝑥 ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 ) = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑒 𝑐 2 (2) − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (2)) 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2
2 2
= 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (𝑥/2) + 𝑐 [∵ ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 {𝑓 ′ (𝑥) + 𝑓 (𝑥)}𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥) + 𝐶 ]
8 Evaluate: ∫ 𝟑𝒙𝟐 +𝟏𝟑𝒙−𝟏𝟎 𝒅𝒙
𝟏

1 1 1 1
Sol:I=∫ 3𝑥 2 +13𝑥−10 𝑑𝑥=∫ 3𝑥 2 +13𝑥−10 𝑑𝑥 = 3 ∫ 13 10 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 + 𝑥−
3 3
13 17
1 11 1 𝑥+ −
= ∫ 6 6 |] = 1 𝑙𝑜𝑔 | 3𝑥 − 2 | + 𝑐
2 𝑑𝑥 = [ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 |
3 13 2
17 3 2 × 17 𝑥+
13 17
+ 17 3𝑥 + 15
(𝑥 + ) − ( ) 6 6 6
3 6

9 Evaluate: 𝑰 = ∫ (𝒙𝟐 +𝟏)(𝒙𝟐 +𝟑)

𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙

Solution: -
On substituting 𝑥 2 = 𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 2xdx=dt
𝑑𝑡
𝐼= ∫
(𝑡 + 1)(𝑡 + 3)
1 𝐴 𝐵
Let (𝑡+1)(𝑡+3) = (𝑡+1) + (𝑡+3)
1= A(t+3) +B(t+1) solve it by comparison of coefficient of x and
constant.
1
Then A= 2 & B= - 1 /2
1 1 1 1
= ( − )
(𝑡 + 1)(𝑡 + 3) 2 (𝑡 + 1) (𝑡 + 3)
𝑑𝑡 1 1 1 1
∫ (𝑡+1)(𝑡+3) =2 ∫ (𝑡+1) 𝑑𝑥 − 2 ∫ (𝑡+3) 𝑑𝑥
1 1 𝑡+1
= [𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑡 + 1) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑡 + 3)] = log +c
2 2 𝑡+3
1 𝑥 2 +1
= log𝑥 2 +3 +c
2
10 Integrate
𝟏+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝒆𝒙 (𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 ) with respect to x.
𝑥 𝑥
1+sin 𝑥 1 sin 𝑥 1 2 sin cos
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1+cos 𝑥 )dx =∫ 𝑒 (1+cos 𝑥 + 𝑥
)dx =∫ 𝑒 (2𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥/2 +
𝑥 2 2
) dx
1+cos 𝑥 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥/2
𝑥 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1/2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥/2 +tan 2 ) dx = 𝑒 𝑥 tan 2 + C
LONG – ANSWER QUESTIONS OF DEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 𝟒
𝐄𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 ∫ [|𝒙 − 𝟏| + |𝒙 − 𝟐| + |𝒙 − 𝟑|]𝒅𝒙
𝟏
𝟒
∫ [|𝒙 − 𝟏| + |𝒙 − 𝟐| + |𝒙 − 𝟑|]𝒅𝒙
𝟏
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
= ∫ |𝒙 − 𝟏|𝒅𝒙 + ∫ |𝒙 − 𝟐|𝒅𝒙 + ∫ |𝒙 − 𝟑|𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒
= ∫ (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 + ∫ −(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝒅𝒙 + ∫ (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝒅𝒙 + ∫ −(𝒙 − 𝟑)𝒅𝒙 + ∫ (𝒙 − 𝟑)𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑
19
After solving, answer= 2
OR

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓(𝑥) = [|𝑥 − 1| + |𝑥 − 2| + |𝑥 − 3|],

4 − 𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 1 < 𝑥 < 2
𝑓(𝑥) = [|𝑥 − 1| + |𝑥 − 2| + |𝑥 − 3|] = { 𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 2 < 𝑥 < 3
3𝑥 − 6, 𝑖𝑓 3 < 𝑥 < 4
𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 𝑏
𝑊𝑒 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡, ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 , where 𝑎 < 𝑐 < 𝑑 < 𝑏
𝑎 𝑎 𝑐 𝑑
2 3 4
= ∫ (4 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (3𝑥 − 6)𝑑𝑥
1 2 3
𝑥2 3𝑥 2 19
= (4𝑥 − 𝑥 2
/2)12 +( )32 +( − 6𝑥)43 =
2 2 2
2 Evaluate: ∫𝟎
𝝅/𝟒
𝐥𝐨𝐠( 𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝜋/4
Solution: I = ∫0 log( 1 + tan 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝜋
𝑎 𝑎
I=∫0 log {1 + tan(𝜋/4 − 𝑥)}𝑑𝑥 ; by property∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
4

𝜋/4 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
I =∫0 log (1 + 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋/4 2
I= ∫0 log (1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
I= ∫0 log 2dx − 𝐼
4

𝜋/4

I + I = ∫ log 2𝑑𝑥
0
2I =log 2.𝜋/4
𝜋 log 2
𝐼 = 8 .
3
𝝅 𝒙𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙
Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙+𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙)
𝜋 (𝜋−𝑥) 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝜋−𝑥) 𝜋 (𝜋−𝑥) 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥
I=∫0 𝑑𝑥=∫0 𝑑𝑥I=∫0 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝜋−𝑥)+𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝜋−𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥+𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝜋
𝜋−𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
0 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜋 − 𝑥 )
𝜋
𝜋−𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
0 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
𝜋 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝐼+𝐼 =∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
0 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝜋
= 𝜋 ∫ (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
0
= 2𝜋
⇒𝐼=𝜋
𝝅
4 𝟐
𝐼 = ∫ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟎
𝝅 𝜋
𝟐 𝝅 2
𝐼 = ∫ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒔𝒊𝒏 ( − 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝟎 𝟐 0
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
2 2 2
2𝐼 = ∫ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ log sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0 0 0
𝜋
2 sin 2𝑥
= ∫ log 𝑑𝑥
0 2
𝜋 𝜋
2 2
= ∫ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 𝑑𝑥
0 0
1 𝜋 𝜋
= ∫ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
2 0 2
𝜋
1 2 𝜋
= × 2 ∫ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
2 0 2
𝜋
⇒ 2𝐼 = 𝐼 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
2
𝜋
⇒ 𝐼 = − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
2
5 Evaluate: ∫−𝟏|𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙|
𝟐

𝑥 3 − 𝑥, 𝑖𝑓𝑥 3 − 𝑥 ≥ 0
x3  x = { , x3-x=0x = 0 and x = 1
−(𝑥 3 − 𝑥), 𝑖𝑓𝑥 3 − 𝑥 < 0
the intervals are (-1, 0), (0,1) and (1,2), since the limit is -1 to 2
 Intervals x3  x =x (x-1) (x+1) function
(-1, 0) Positive x3  x
(0, 1) Negative − (𝑥 3 − 𝑥)
(1, 2) Positive 𝑥3 − 𝑥
0 1 2

 (𝑥 3 − 𝑥) dx +  - (𝑥 3 − 𝑥) dx +  (𝑥 3 − 𝑥) dx
2
∫−1|𝑥 3 − 𝑥| dx =
1 0 1

= 11/4
𝝅
6 𝟐
∫ (𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝟎
𝜋
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
0 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝜋
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
2
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
0 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (2 − 𝑥) 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
0 2 0 2
 

 tan x  cot x  1

2 2
2 I   log    dx   log   dx
0  2  2  0 4
𝜋 𝜋
𝐼= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
4 4
7 I =∫𝟎
𝝅 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝒅𝒙………….(1)
𝜋 (𝜋−𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋−𝑥)
=∫0 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋−𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 (𝜋−𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
=∫0 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ………(2)

 2I =∫0𝜋 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑥
𝑑𝑥 +∫0
𝜋 (𝜋−𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
=∫0 𝑑𝑥 =  ∫0 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)
= ∫0 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)
= ∫0 𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
𝜋
= ∫0 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 . 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝜋
I = 2 (𝜋 − 2)
8 𝟏
𝑰 = ∫ 𝑪𝒐𝒕−𝟏 (𝟏 − 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 )𝒅𝒙
𝟎
1 (1 − 𝑥 ) + 𝑥
∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 { } 𝑑𝑥
0 1 − 𝑥 (1 − 𝑥 )
1 1
= ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 1 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0 0
1 1
= ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [1 −( 1 − 𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0 0
1 1 1 1
= ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 . 1 𝑑𝑥
0 0 0 0
On integrating by parts we get
𝜋
𝐼= − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
2
9 I =∫𝟎
𝝅/𝟒
(√𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 + √𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑡
Consider I 1 =∫ 𝑑𝑥 =∫ 2
√𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥.𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
√1−𝑡
2
where t=sinx –cosx  dt = (sinx +cosx)dx
𝑡 2 = 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2𝑥)
I 1 = 2 sin 1 (sin x  cos x)
 I  2 sin 1 (0)  sin 1 (1) 
√2
= √2[0 + 𝜋/2] =𝜋 2 .

10 𝟐
𝒙𝟐
𝐼=∫ 𝒙
𝒅𝒙
−𝟐 𝟏 + 𝟓
𝑏 𝑏
Using property ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2
𝑥2
𝐼=∫ −𝑥
𝑑𝑥
−2 1 + 5
2 𝑥2
𝐼 = ∫−2 1+5𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ……….(1)
2 𝑥2 2 5𝑥 .𝑥 2
=∫−2 1 𝑑𝑥 = ∫−2 𝑑𝑥 …..(2)
1+ 𝑥 1+5𝑥
5
Adding equation (1) and (2)
2 𝑥2 5𝑥 .𝑥 2
2I=∫−2[1+5𝑥 + 1+5𝑥 ]𝑑𝑥
2 𝑥 2 (1+5𝑥 )
2I=∫−2[ ]𝑑𝑥
1+5𝑥
2 2 2 23 13
2I = ∫−2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2(𝑥 3 /3)20 =2( 3 − 3 )=2(8/3-0) =16/3
1 16
So, I =2 × =8/3
3