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8-lecture-on-Rose-curve-graph

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64 views13 pages

8-lecture-on-Rose-curve-graph

Uploaded by

jma.manikad021308
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Plotting Polar

Equations
cardioid, rose curves, limaçons
and lemniscates
Plotting Polar Equations
-Plot graphs such as: rose curves,
limaçons and lemniscates
-Creating a table of x and y values is a
tried-and-true curve plotting strategy.
-Include symmetry testing, locating
maximum/minimum values and
recognizing curve types.
• The pole is equivalent to the
origin in rectangular
coordinates. The ray starting at
the pole and extending forever
to the right is the polar
axis corresponding to the
positive x-axis.
• The θ = π/2 line corresponds to
the y-axis.
• The distance from the pole to a
point in the plane is
the radius r. The angle θ is the
counter-clockwise rotation
referenced to the polar axis.
Knowing r and θ locates any
point in the plane.
Symmetry
• The number of tabulated points is reduced if there is symmetry about
the polar axis, the θ = π/2 line and/or the pole. Symmetry exists:
• 1. about the polar axis if (r, θ) = (r, -θ) or (-r, π - θ)
• 2. about the θ = π/2 line if (r, θ) = (-r, -θ) or (r, π - θ)
• 3. about the pole if (r, θ) = (-r, θ) or (r, θ + π)
• There are two tests for each type of symmetry. If one algebraic
test passes, symmetry exists. However, even if both tests fail, don't
rule out symmetry. Sometimes an algebraic symmetry test will not
pass, yet the curve when plotted is symmetric.
Plotting Rose Curves -Rose curves resemble flowers:
rose curve
• Rose curve equations have two forms: r = a cos(nθ)
and r = a sin(nθ) where a ≠ 0 and n is a positive integer. Petals
have length determined by a. If n is odd, the number of petals is
n. However, if n is even, the number of petals is 2n.
• In the cosine form, r maximum occurs for nθ = 0, meaning a
petal exists at θ = 0. For sine, maximum r is at θ = π/2.
• Thus, nθ = π/2, and a petal appears at θ = π/(2n). In both cases,
the separation between petals is 360o divided by the number of
petals.
Tell the number of petals and the length of
the petal.
•r = 3 cos(6θ)
r = 4 sin(5θ)
r = 2 cos(44θ)
Plot r = 2 cos(3θ)
• Step1. identify the form of the graph : r = a cos(nθ)
• It is a rose curve.
• Step 2. since it is a rose curve. Determine the number of petals
and the length of the petal.
• Since n = 3 and 3 is an odd number, then there are 3 petals.
• And a = 2 then the length is 2 .
• Step 3. Determine the first petal. Then next petal up to the
desired number of petals. The first peta is at 0o
• the separation between the petals is 360o/(number of petals) =
360o/3 = 120o .
Plot r = 2 cos(3θ)
• For cosine, the first petal is at θ = 0. Is the curve symmetric
about the polar axis? The test for symmetry is (r, θ) = (r, -θ) or (-
r, π - θ).
• (r, -θ) means r = 2 cos(3(-θ)) = 2 cos(-3θ) = 2 cos(θ) = (r, θ). Test
passed. Plotting the known petal locations:
Plot r = 2 cos(3θ)
Plot r = 4 sin(4θ)
• Step1. identify the form of the graph : r = a sin(nθ)
• It is a rose curve.
• Step 2. If it is a rose curve. Determine the number of petals and
the length of the petal.
• Since n = 4 and 4 is an even number, then there are 8 petals.
• And a = 4 then the length is 4 .
• Step 3. Determine the first petal. Then next petal up to the
desired number of petals.
• For sine, maximum r is at θ = π/2.
• Thus, nθ = π/2, and a petal appears at θ = π/(2n). In both cases,
the separation between petals is 360o divided by the number of
petals.

• the separation between the petals is 360o/(number of petals) =


360o/8 = 45o.

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