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3.1.random Variables and Probability Distributions

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34 views24 pages

3.1.random Variables and Probability Distributions

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akirabalansag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Random Variables

and Probability
Distributions
z

Prepared by:

CECILLE T. GOMEZ
SHS Teacher 2
z
Objectives:
▪ Illustrate a random variable (discrete or continuous). M11/12SP-
IIIa-1

▪ Distinguish between a discrete and continuous random variable.


M11/12SPIIIa-2

▪ Find possible values of a random variable. M11/12SP-IIIa-3

▪ Illustrate a probability distribution for a discrete random variable


and its properties. M11/12SP-IIIa-4

▪ Compute probabilities corresponding to a given random variable.


M11/12SPIIIa-6
z Group Activity: Answer the following
questions.
1. In how many ways can two coins fall?
2. If three coins are tossed, in how many
ways can they fall?
3. In how many ways can a die fall?
4. In how many ways can two dice fall?
5. How many ways are there in tossing
one coin and rolling a die?
z Random Variable

- is a result of chance event, that you can


measure or count.
- is a numerical quantity that is assigned
to the outcome of an experiment. It is a
variable that assumes numerical values
associated with the events of an
experiment.
z Example 1:

- Suppose two coins are tossed and we


are interested to determine the number
of tails that will come out. Let us use T
to represent the number of tails that will
come out. Determine the values of the
random variable T.
z Solution:
z Example 2:

▪ Two balls are drawn in succession


without replacement from an urn
containing 5 orange balls and 6 violet
balls. Let V be the random variable
representing the number of violet balls.
Find the values of the random variable V.
z Solution:
z Example 3:

▪ A basket contains 10 red balls and 4


white balls. If three balls are taken from
the basket one after the other, determine
the possible values of the random
variable R representing the number of
red balls.
z Solution:
z Example 4:

▪ Four coins are tossed. Let T be the


random variable representing the
number of tails that occur. Find the
values of the random variable T.
z Solution:
z Example 5:

▪ A pair of dice is rolled. Let X be the


random variable representing the sum of
the number of dots on the top faces.
Find the values of the random variable
X.
z Solution:
z Discrete and Continuous
Random Variable
▪ A random variable may be classified as
discrete and continuous.
▪ A discrete random variable has a countable
number of possible values.
▪ A continuous random variable can assume an
infinite number of values in one or more
intervals.
z Examples:
z Using Example 1
z Using Example 1
z Using Example 1
z Practice:
Use Example 4,

a. Construct the frequency distribution of the


values of the random variable T.

b. Construct the probability distribution of the


random variable T by getting the probability of
occurrence of each value of the random
variable.

c. Construct the probability histogram.


z Activity 3.1:

A. Construct the probability distribution of the situation


below:

Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement


from an urn containing 5 white balls and 6 black balls. Let
B be the random variable representing the number of
black balls. Construct the probability distribution of the
random variable B.
B. zMultiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.
B. zMultiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.
Assignment:
z

B. Answer the following in 2-3 sentences only.


1. How do you describe a discrete random variable?
2. How do you describe a continuous random variable?
3. What do you notice about the probability values of
random variable in each probability distribution?
4. Why should the sum of the probabilities in a probability
distribution is always equal to 1?
5. What is the shape of most probability distributions? Why
do you think so?

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