LESSON 1

EXPLORING
RANDOM VARIABLES
 LEARNING COMPETENCIES FOR WEEK 1
(QUARTER 1)

• Illustrates a random variable (discrete and continuous). M11SP- IIIa-1

• Distinguishes between a discrete and a continuous random variable.
M11SP- IIIa-2

• Finds the possible values of a random variable. M11SP- IIIa-3

• Illustrates a probability distribution for a discrete random variable and
its properties. M11SP- IIIa-4
• Computes probabilities corresponding to a given random variable.
M11SP- IIIa-6
Example 1: Suppose two coins are
tossed and we are interested to
determine the number of tails that
will come out. Let us use T to
represent the number of tails that
will come out. Determine the values
of the random variable X.
HH
HT
TH
TT
SOLUTION:
Steps Solution
1. List the sample S = { HH, HT, TH, TT }
space
OUTCOME NO. OF TAILS
2. Count the number (VALUE OF X)
of tails in each HH 0
outcome and assign HT 1
this number to the TH 1
outcome TT 2

3. Conclusion X = 0, 1, 2
Example 2: A basket contains 10
red balls and 4 white balls. If three
balls are taken from the basket
one after the other, determine the
possible values of the random
variable R representing the
number of red balls.
SOLUTION:
Steps Solution
1. List the sample S = {RRR, RRW, RWR, WRR, WWR,
space WRW,
RWW, WWW}
OUTCOME NO. OF RED BALLS
2. Count the number (VALUE OF Y)
of red balls in each
outcome and assign
this number to the
outcome

3. Conclusion Y = 0, 1, 2, 3
GROUP ACTIVITY NO.1
Three coins are tossed. Let H be
the random variable
representing the number of
heads that occur. Find the
values of the random variable Y.
SOLUTION:
Steps Solution
1. List the sample S=
space
OUTCOME NO. OF HEADS
2. Count the number (VALUE OF Y)
of outcome and
assign this number
to the outcome

3. Conclusion Y=
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY NO.1
Two balls are drawn in succession
without replacement from an urn
containing 5 orange balls and 6 violet
balls. Let V be the random variable
representing the number of violet
balls. Find the values of the random
variable X.
 DISCRETE AND
CONTINUOUS RANDOM
VARIABLE
 Discrete Random Continuous Random
Variable Variable
Number of pens in a box Amount of antibiotics in the
vial
Number of ants in a Length of electric wires
colony
Number of ripe bananas Voltage of car batteries
in a basket
Number of COVID 19 Weight of newborn in the
positive cases in hospital
Hermosa, Bataan
Number of defective Amount of sugar in a cup of
batteries coffee
 A RANDOM VARIABLE MAY BE
CLASSIFIED AS DISCRETE AND
CONTINUOUS.
A discrete random variable has a
countable number of possible values.
A continuous random variable can
assume an infinite number of
values in one or more intervals.
ACTIVITY 2 . CLASSIFY THE FOLLOWING
RANDOM VARIABLES AS DISCRETE OR
CONTINUOUS.
1. The weight of the professional boxers
2. The number of defective COVID-19 Rapid
Antibody Test Kit
3. The area of lots in an exclusive subdivision
4. The number of recovered patients of COVID-19
per province
5. The number of students with Academic
Excellence in a school per district
 CONSTRUCTING
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
OR
PROBABILITY MASS
FUNCTION
EXAMPLE 1
Steps Solution
1. List the sample S = { HH, HT, TH, TT }
space
OUTCOME NO. OF TAILS
2. Count the number (VALUE OF X)
of tails in each HH 0
outcome and assign HT 1
this number to the TH 1
outcome TT 2

X = 0, 1, 2
 Steps Solution

Number of Number of
3. Construct Tails Occurrence
the (Value of
X)
(Frequency
)
frequency 0 1
distribution 1 2
of the values 2 1
of the Total 4
random
 Steps Solution
Number Number of Probability
4. Construct the of Tails Occurrenc of X
probability (Value of e P(X)
distribution of the X) (Frequenc
random variable X y) 1
by getting the 0 1 4
probability of 1 2 2 1
𝑜𝑟
occurrence of each 4 2
value of the 1
2 1
random variable. 4
Total 4 1
 Steps Solution

4. Construct the
probability
distribution of the X 0 1 2
random variable
X by getting the P(X) 1 1 1
4 2 4
probability of
occurrence of
each value of the
random variable.
 Steps Solution

5. Construct 2
the probability
histogram.
P(X)
1

0
0 1 2
X
 STEPS IN CONSTRUCTING PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
1. List the sample space
2. Count the number of each outcome and assign this number to
the outcome and determine the value of the random variable
3. Construct the frequency distribution of the values of the
random variable.
4. Construct the probability distribution of the random variable by
getting the probability of occurrence of each value of the random
variable.
5. Construct the probability histogram.
CONSTRUCT A PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
Steps Solution
1. List the sample S = {RRR, RRW, RWR, WRR, WWR,
space WRW,
RWW, WWW}
OUTCOME NO. OF RED BALLS
2. Count the number (VALUE OF Y)
of red balls in each
outcome and assign
this number to the
outcome
 PROPERTIES OF A PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION

1. ( the value of the probability of the

random variable must be between or
equal to 0 and 1)
2. ( the sum of the probabilities of all
values of the random variable must be
equal to 1
 ACTIVITY 3. DETERMINE WHETHER THE
DISTRIBUTION REPRESENTS A PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION. EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER
1. X 1 5 7 8 9

1 1 1 1 1
P(X)
3 3 3 3 3
 ACTIVITY 3. DETERMINE WHETHER THE
DISTRIBUTION REPRESENTS A PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION. EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER
2. X 0 2 4 6 8

1 1 1 1 1
P(X)
6 6 3 6 6
 ACTIVITY 3. DETERMINE WHETHER THE
DISTRIBUTION REPRESENTS A PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION. EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER
3. X 4 8 12 15 17

1 1 1 1 1
P(X)
5 8 8 5 8
 ACTIVITY 3. DETERMINE WHETHER THE
DISTRIBUTION REPRESENTS A PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION. EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER
4. X 1 3 5 7

P(X) 0 . 33 25 0 . 22 0 . 12