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Chapter 33 - multiple choice test

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34 views

Chapter 33 - multiple choice test

practice test

Uploaded by

justine.suan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Test on Blood Physiology - Red Blood Cells, Anemia,

and Polycythemia
Section 1: Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
1. What is the primary function of red blood cells?
A. Immune defense
B. Transporting oxygen
C. Blood clotting
D. Hormone production

2. What shape are RBCs typically?


A. Spherical
B. Biconcave
C. Elliptical
D. Cylindrical

3. Where does the majority of hemoglobin synthesis occur in developing RBCs?


A. Proerythroblast stage
B. Mature erythrocyte stage
C. Reticulocyte stage
D. None of the above

4. What is the average life span of a red blood cell?


A. 30 days
B. 60 days
C. 90 days
D. 120 days

5. Which enzyme in RBCs is essential for carbon dioxide transport?


A. Carbonic anhydrase
B. Hemoglobinase
C. Oxidase
D. Catalase

Section 2: Anemia
1. Which of the following conditions is characterized by too few RBCs or too little
hemoglobin in the cells?
A. Polycythemia
B. Hemolysis
C. Anemia
D. Leukopenia

2. Aplastic anemia is caused by:


A. Excessive RBC production
B. Bone marrow dysfunction
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Genetic disorders

3. What type of anemia results from vitamin B12 deficiency due to poor
gastrointestinal absorption?
A. Sickle cell anemia
B. Pernicious anemia
C. Iron-deficiency anemia
D. Hemolytic anemia

4. Which type of anemia is associated with fragile RBCs that rupture in capillaries?
A. Megaloblastic anemia
B. Hemolytic anemia
C. Aplastic anemia
D. Iron-deficiency anemia

5. How long does it take for RBC levels to normalize after a significant hemorrhage?
A. 1 day
B. 1 week
C. 3–4 weeks
D. 2 months

Section 3: Polycythemia
1. What is a common cause of secondary polycythemia?
A. High altitude
B. Excessive hydration
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Genetic aberration

2. What is the hematocrit level in polycythemia vera?


A. Below 30%
B. 40-50%
C. 60-70%
D. Above 80%

3. How does polycythemia affect blood viscosity?


A. Decreases viscosity
B. Doubles viscosity
C. Increases viscosity up to 10 times normal
D. No change

4. What physical characteristic is typical of someone with polycythemia vera?


A. Pale skin
B. Cyanotic complexion
C. Yellow eyes
D. Thin blood vessels

5. What is the main regulator of RBC production under hypoxic conditions?


A. Vitamin B12
B. Folic acid
C. Erythropoietin
D. Platelet count

Section 4: RBC Production and Erythropoiesis


1. Where are RBCs primarily produced after birth?
A. Liver
B. Spleen
C. Bone marrow
D. Lymph nodes

2. Which organ produces the majority of erythropoietin?


A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Spleen
D. Bone marrow
3. What triggers the release of erythropoietin?
A. High oxygen levels
B. Low oxygen levels
C. Low blood sugar
D. High carbon dioxide levels

4. What is the term for committed stem cells that form RBCs?
A. CFU-G
B. CFU-E
C. CFU-M
D. CFU-T

5. How long does it typically take for new RBCs to appear in the blood after increased
erythropoietin production?
A. 1–2 days
B. 3–4 days
C. 5 days
D. 7–10 days

Section 5: Hemoglobin and Iron Metabolism

1. Which part of the hemoglobin molecule binds oxygen?


A. Globin chain
B. Heme group
C. Carbonic anhydrase
D. Apoferritin

2. How much oxygen can one gram of hemoglobin carry?


A. 1.34 ml
B. 5 ml
C. 20 ml
D. 34 ml

3. What is the storage form of iron in the body?


A. Transferrin
B. Hemosiderin
C. Ferritin
D. Hemoglobin
4. What happens to hemoglobin when RBCs are destroyed?
A. It is excreted as bile pigments
B. It forms new RBCs
C. It binds directly to transferrin
D. It breaks down into amino acids

5. What is a common symptom of iron deficiency?


A. Fatigue
B. Bruising
C. Fever
D. Cyanosis

Section 6: Nutritional Deficiencies and Their Effects


1. What causes macrocytes in maturation failure anemia?
A. Deficiency of hemoglobin
B. Deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid
C. Excessive RBC production
D. Abnormal kidney function

2. In pernicious anemia, which substance is essential for vitamin B12 absorption?


A. Folic acid
B. Intrinsic factor
C. Iron
D. Calcium

3. Which food is a rich source of folic acid?


A. Dairy products
B. Green leafy vegetables
C. Fish
D. Red meat

4. Lack of which vitamin causes DNA synthesis failure in RBCs?


A. Vitamin D
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin A
5. Which organ is primarily affected in atrophic gastric mucosa, leading to pernicious
anemia?
A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Stomach
D. Intestine

Section 7: Disorders and Clinical Effects


1. What condition is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow with fatty
tissue after age 20?
A. Megaloblastic anemia
B. Aplastic anemia
C. Normal aging of marrow
D. Hemolytic anemia

2. What physical change occurs in sickle cell anemia under low oxygen conditions?
A. RBCs expand
B. RBCs elongate into sickle shapes
C. RBCs dissolve
D. RBCs divide excessively

3. What is the main circulatory system effect of anemia?


A. Decreased cardiac output
B. Increased cardiac workload
C. Decreased heart rate
D. Increased oxygen saturation

4. How does the body compensate for low RBC counts in anemia?
A. Reduces oxygen demand
B. Increases erythropoietin production
C. Reduces plasma volume
D. Lowers blood pressure

5. What causes secondary polycythemia in individuals at high altitudes?


A. Decreased oxygen availability
B. Increased carbon dioxide levels
C. Poor diet
D. Excess iron intake
Section 8: Advanced Concepts
1. How does the hematocrit change in polycythemia vera?
A. Decreases to 20%
B. Rises to 60-70%
C. Remains unchanged
D. Decreases below 30%

2. What is the primary pigment released during hemoglobin breakdown?


A. Bilirubin
B. Myoglobin
C. Urobilin
D. Porphyrin

3. Which nutrient is primarily involved in oxygen transport?


A. Folic acid
B. Iron
C. Calcium
D. Vitamin C

4. Which cell type ingests old RBCs in the spleen and liver?
A. Kupffer cells
B. Erythroblasts
C. Megakaryocytes
D. Platelets

5. What is the effect of polycythemia on blood flow?


A. Decreased viscosity improves flow
B. Increased viscosity slows flow
C. No effect on flow
D. Blood flow stops completely
Section 9: Clinical Application

1. What is the most common cause of aplastic anemia?


A. Radiation or toxic chemicals
B. Excessive iron intake
C. Vitamin C deficiency
D. Dehydration

2. What protein transports iron in the blood?


A. Ferritin
B. Transferrin
C. Apotransferrin
D. Hemosiderin

3. Which cells are large and odd-shaped due to megaloblastic anemia?


A. Megakaryocytes
B. Reticulocytes
C. Macrocytes
D. Leukocytes

4. What is the typical oxygen-carrying capacity of 100 ml of blood in healthy men?


A. 10 ml
B. 15 ml
C. 20 ml
D. 25 ml

5. What happens to plasma transferrin when iron levels are low?


A. It binds tightly with iron stores
B. It breaks down
C. It increases RBC production
D. It transports less iron

Section 10: Comprehensive Review


1. What is the main effect of erythropoietin in low oxygen conditions?
A. Decreases iron absorption
B. Stimulates RBC production
C. Increases hemoglobin breakdown
D. Slows reticulocyte maturation
2. Which disorder results from excessive RBC production despite adequate oxygen
levels?
A. Polycythemia vera
B. Anemia
C. Thrombocytosis
D. Leukopenia

3. What is the role of intrinsic factor in vitamin B12 absorption?


A. Protects B12 from digestion
B. Inhibits iron absorption
C. Enhances hemoglobin binding
D. Forms RBC precursors

4. What is the oxygen-binding protein in RBCs?


A. Hemoglobin
B. Myoglobin
C. Ferritin
D. Transferrin

5. Which condition is most likely to increase erythropoietin production?


A. High oxygen levels
B. Chronic hypoxia
C. Dehydration
D. Iron overload

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