Accepted Manuscript

Ant colony optimization algorithm with Internet of Vehicles for

Intelligent Traffic Control System

Priyan Malarvizhi Kumar , Usha Devi G ,

Gunasekaran Manogaran , Revathi Sundarasekar ,
Naveen Chilamkurti , R. Varatharajan

PII: S1389-1286(18)30484-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.07.001
Reference: COMPNW 6531

To appear in: Computer Networks

Received date: 21 December 2017

Revised date: 21 May 2018
Accepted date: 2 July 2018

Please cite this article as: Priyan Malarvizhi Kumar , Usha Devi G , Gunasekaran Manogaran ,
Revathi Sundarasekar , Naveen Chilamkurti , R. Varatharajan , Ant colony optimization algorithm
with Internet of Vehicles for Intelligent Traffic Control System, Computer Networks (2018), doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.07.001

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 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Ant colony optimization algorithm with Internet of Vehicles for Intelligent

Traffic Control System
Priyan Malarvizhi Kumar 1, Usha Devi G2, Gunasekaran Manogaran3, Revathi
Sundarasekar4, Naveen Chilamkurti5, R. Varatharajan6
1
School of Information Technology and Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, India,
priyanit085@gmail.com;
2
School of Information Technology and Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, India,

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ushadevi.g@vit.ac.in

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3
University of California, Davis, USA, gmanogaran@ucdavis.edu
4
Anna University, Chennai, India, revathisundar161@gmail.com
5
Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, LaTrobe University, Melbourne,

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Australia, n.chilamkurti@latrobe.edu.au
6
Sri Ramanujar Engineering College, Chennai, India, varathu21@yahoo.com
Abstract

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Vehicles present on the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) can communicate with each other in order to
determine the status of the road and vehicle in real time. These parameters are used to estimate
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the average speed and identify the optimal route to reach the destination. However, the
government traffic departments are unable to use these valuable traffic data and thus more traffic
jam, congestion and road accident occurs. In order to overcome this issue, this paper proposes an
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effective traffic control system with the help of IoV technology. The proposed method is
demonstrated in the study are of Vellore district, Tamil Nadu, India. The street maps are
segmented into number small number of distinct maps. Ant colony algorithm is applied to each
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map in order to find the optimal route. In addition, Fuzzy logic based traffic intensity calculation
function is proposed in this paper to model the heavy traffic. The proposed IoV based route
selection method is compared with the existing shortest path selection algorithms such as
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Dijikstra algorithm, Kruskal’s algorithm and Prim’s algorithm. The experimental results proved
the good performance of the proposed IoV based route selection method.
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Keywords: Internet of Vehicles; Effective Traffic Control; Shortest Path Selection; Dijikstra
algorithm; Kruskal’s algorithm; Prim’s algorithm

1. Introduction
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Internet of Vehicles (IoV) paradigm originally developed with the help of Internet of
Things (IoT) technology. IoV is widely used in various environments it includes
communications, transportation, information and automotive technology. The Internet of
Vehicles (IoV) is an expected conjunction of the Internet of Things and the mobile Internet. The
IoV comprised of all current and new vehicles, either integrated or fitted with two-way RF
equipment [51,52]. The IoV uses Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Road (V2R), Vehicle-
to-Human (V2H) and Vehicle-to-Sensor (V2S) communication networks to communicate
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between public networks and vehicles. It is predicted that more than 80% of vehicles sold
globally in 2020 will be connected, either by smart-phone or embedded device integration [53].

IoV is one of the possible technologies to improve road safety, and provide in-car
entertainment and on-board Internet services, such as, social networking, online media
streaming, online navigation and real-time traffic report acquisition. Nowadays, a range of
computing technologies such as “5G”, “cloud computing” and “big data” have been used to
monitor the vehicles, road traffic analysis, accident identification system [54,55]. Moreover, the

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convergence of IoV technology encompasses environmental protection, information

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communications, energy conservation, and safety. Due to the rapid growth in connected vehicles,
many research issues need to be addressed it includes security, privacy and trust, network
resource optimization and QoS guarantee for IoV [56].

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Internet of Everything comprises of IoT and IoV. The Internet of Everything is used to
connect various physical devices and user products with the help of Internet. It is assumed that in

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future all the devices will be connected to the Internet and all operations are done with the help
of Device to Device (D2D) communication. The following technologies are plays a vital role in
Internet of Everything it includes Device to Device Communications, Machine-to-Machine
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communications, Machine to People Communications, and People to People Communications.
Nowadays, IoE is used in many applications in terms of good performance and response time.
The major applications of IoE in vehicles and road network include smart traffic monitoring,
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smart parking system and self-drive cars.

In addition, IoE is also used to monitor the human health (personal health monitoring of
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patients, smart drug recommendation system and smart clinical care system). People can use
smart devices such as smart watch, smart belt and smart band to observe their health status. The
collected data from the various smart healthcare devices are transmitted to the doctor and clinical
care system to take necessary actions. Nowadays, various smart wearable devices are identified
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to collect various health status it include blood pressure, body glucose level, heart rate, body
temperature, physical movement and so on. In addition, IoE is also used in various smart home
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applications such as window control, door control, room temperature maintenance, light control
and security alarms. The above mentioned applications are must transfer the signal to the server
or user with good response time.
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In order to sense and collect various data from IoT devices, there is a need of advance
high speed wireless networks. Nowadays, there is a massive improvement and advancement in
wireless network technologies such as 4G network to 5G networks. This advancement in
wireless network technology enables the physical devices to sense the signal and transfer to the
user and server in terms of good response time. Moreover, the 5G network is also used to
overcome the various issues in wireless networks it includes network connectivity, latency issues
and improve the data transfer speed between the various IoT devices and user or server. The
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above mentioned advanced technologies such as IoT, IoE and 5G mobile network are used to
change the day-to-day environment of individual’s life.

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) is a subclass of mobile ad hoc networks

(MANETs). In recent years, VANETs play an important role in intelligent transportation system.
In addition, VANETs do not follow any fixed infrastructure and instead they follow dynamic
routing principle. Hence, vehicles themselves provide a range of network functionality in
dynamic manner. The dissimilar insight of the vehicle in IoV and VANETs creates these two

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paradigm vary primarily in the communications, networking, device and features. In general,
vehicles exist in VANET distribute messages among other vehicles exist in the network. The

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vehicles present in the VANET are also called as mobile nodes and they follow an inter-vehicle
communication network principle.

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Table 1. Routing algorithms for traffic control
S.No. Proposed Approach Authors Outcome
Delay-optimal VSN routing Choi et al.
1 High packet delivery
2
3
algorithm
Vehicle-logo location algorithm

ranging algorithm
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Liu et al. [19] Used to classify the vehicles
Symmetric double sided two way Saqib et al.
[20]
Vehicle tracing system
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Dynamic traffic monitoring Arbabi et al. Monitoring of travel time and
4
system [21] location
Intelligent traffic flow control Chao et al.
5 Traffic and accident control
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system using RFID [22]

Bazzi et al.
[23]
Vertical distance vector routing
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6 Alexander et Reliable communication system

algorithm
al. [24]

Cabezas et al.
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7 WSN cross layer design approach [25] Latency and jitter are improved

User customizable data-centric Zhou et al.

8 Fast traffic information delivery
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routing. [26]
Mazloumi et Reduced travel time and shortest
9 GPS based tracking system
al. [27] path
Friesen et al.
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Traffic monitoring system using

10 [28] Monitoring vehicle density
Bluetooth
Bruno et al. Less redundancy information
11 Urban monitoring system [29] and consumes less network
bandwidth.

In addition to VANETs, the following dynamic vehicular mobile communication systems

are exist in the day-to-day environment it includes Vehicle to Human (V2H), Vehicle to
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Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle to Internet Vehicle to Sensor (V2S). Nowadays, cloud
computing technology has considered as a new emerging environment to address various issues
exist in the real time environment it includes healthcare analytics, education development,
business process, natural resource monitoring and so on. Liu [2] proposed a novel three-level
“Client-Connection-Cloud” system to monitor and control the vehicles with the help of Cloud-
Assisted IoV (CAIV) system. The objective of CAIV system is to monitor, actuate and navigate
the embedded sensor vehicles and other devices in the cloud virtually.

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Table 2. Congestion avoidance techniques in traffic control

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S.No. Proposed Approach Authors Outcome
Evaluation of traffic signal Ahmad et al.

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1 Execution time measurement
control algorithms [30]
Knorr et al.
2 Traffic control using VANET Traveling time significantly reduced
[31]
Adaptive traffic flow Abishek et
3

4
algorithm al. [32]
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Traffic random early detection Laisheng et
algorithm al. [33]
Reduce Congestion

Reduce Congestion
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Traffic model using wireless Dragoi et al. Travel time reduced up to 40%.
5
traffic lights [34]
Circuit patrol and Greedy
The traffic estimation error is
6 patrol algorithms for traffic Du et al. [35]
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significantly minimized
control
ZigBee based traffic flow Eren et al. Smooth traffic flow and less end-to-end
7
control system [36] delays
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8 Data spreading algorithms for Skordylis et High packet delivery ratio, low
traffic data acquisition al. [37] delivery delay and less communication
cost
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The CAIV system process and manage the large volume of data collected from physical
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components in a real-time, scalable, on-demand, reliable and efficient manner. Moreover, the
integration of cloud computing paradigm with IoV seems to be a significant method to advancing
the real time applications. Especially, elastic re-configuration, virtualization, and multi-tenancy
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of resources are found to be a significant method in cloud computing to store and process the
large volume of data (big data) generated from IoV environments. Nowadays, a number of
researchers have developed many real time IoV architectures and cloud based data analytical
methods to monitor, actuate and navigate the embedded sensor vehicles.

The advancements in IoV technologies help to make transportation safer, cleaner and
more effective. In recent years, IoV plays an important role in the clean traffic environment. This
would also improve traffic efficiency and reducing the pollution and travel time. The Mobile
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Crowd Sensing (MCS) technology is found to be a significant solution to monitor and control the
traffic congestion. In MCS, a number of mobile devices such as sensor-equipped vehicles and
smartphones are used to transfer the traffic data to the traffic monitoring system. Afterwards, the
results or shortest path identified by the traffic data analysis is forwarded to the traffic authorities
of the traffic situation or drivers.

Section 1 presents the introduction about IoV, VANET, mobile networks and current
traffic issues. The recent works done in IoV based traffic control system is described in section 2

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in detail. The proposed IoV based traffic control and best route identification method is

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presented in section 3. The results are discussed in section 4. The performance of the proposed
IoV based traffic control and best route identification method is evaluated in section 5. Finally,

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section 6 concludes the research work with a summary of results.

2. Related work

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IoV is used to monitor the patients’ health status in the following ways it includes in-
ambulatory, in-hospital, in-clinic, and open environment monitoring. However, there is a need
for mobile hospital and mobile doctors to provide emergency care services to the patient when
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the patient health condition getting worse. In order to overcome this issue, various mobile
ambulance and mobile doctors are used by the healthcare department to overcome such
circumstances. However, there is a need for an effective communication platform to
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communicate the mobile doctors and to provide the clinical solutions to the patients. In past
decades, VANET is widely used to communicate and transfer message between the vehicles.
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VANET consists of Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Roadside (V2R)

communications to transfer the signals between the vehicles [1]. However, there is need for
improving the communication speed between the vehicles [2, 3]. Leng and Zhao have identified
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the IoT based traffic management system to reduce the road traffic and accidents [4]. In general,
vehicles in IoV system can communicate each other, but there is an issue in content distribution
among these vehicles. In order to solve this issue, Kumar et al. and Gerla et al. have identified a
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Markov Decision Process (MDP) based Bayesian coalition game (BCG) as-a-service in cloud to
distribute the content among various vehicles in IoV system [5,6]. In addition, Kumar et al. have
used Bayesian coalition game (BCG) and learning automata (LA) to process the large volume of
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spatio-temporal data in IoV system [7]. Paul et al. have proposed the Cooperative Cognitive
Intelligence architecture to solve spectral scarcity and high mobility issues in mobile networks
[8]. In addition, a various cloud service providers provides various services to implement the IoV
system. In order to select the best cloud service, Hoang and Niyato have identified the gaming
method to solve pricing competition in IoV system [9]. Nowadays, a number of vehicles are used
daily by more and more people and thus more issues and delay exist in vehicle toll payment
system [10].
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In order to overcome this issue, Pašalić has identified the IoT based vehicle toll payment
system [11]. Similarly, Alam and Vrushali Pavitrakar have identified the platform to share the
transport related travel safety rules, efficiency, and comfort techniques with other vehicles [12,
13]. In addition, Nitti and Alam have used VANET and Social Internet of Things to find the
social relationship between the vehicles in IoV system [14, 15]. Similarly, Wan et al. have
developed a mobile crowd sensing technology to solve heavy traffic issues in road networks
[16]. Prinsloo and Malekian have developed the RFID based accurate vehicle location system to

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find the vehicles in efficient and real time manner [17]. The comparisons of existing works are

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surveyed and listed as shown in the Table1. The analysed detail consists of architectures, routing
algorithms and data collection schemes of various existing methods. The trickiness situation on

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roads is said to be traffic congestion. The traffic congestion can be typified based on queuing,
slower vehicle speeds and longer trip times. The WSN-based techniques and schemes are used to
reduce traffic congestion. These techniques are surveyed and listed as a table 2.

3. Internet of Things for Connected Vehicles

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More commonly, Internet connection is used for the laptop, PDA, desktop computers and
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tablets to store and transfer the data. As advancements in wireless technologies and smart
devices, various types of physical devices are identified to sense the various signals with the help
of Internet. These devices are connected with the Internet and transfer the signals to the server in
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continuous manner. For example, advanced wearable medical devices such as body temperature
belt and heart pressure watch are implanted with the human body to observe the specific health
measure. These health measures are collected and transfer to the doctor or healthcare department
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in continuous manner. In addition, more applications of IoE include smart vehicle driving
system, smart city, smart traffic control and weather monitoring applications. IoE technologies
are classified in to various types such as digital sensor devices, smart interconnected wireless
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devices, smart industrial monitoring devices and various distributed hardware technologies.
Recently, IoE is applied in information technology field to improve the business process.
Especially, Cisco is one of the head institute for network technologies who has started using IoE
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devices for network applications. IoE is basically consists of four connections parts such as
People, Things, Data and Process.
The term people represent the users on the IoE where the collected information from one
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individual is transferred to another with the help of internet. In recent years, people are interested
to connect with each other via internet and to share data among them. Nowadays, PCs, TVs,
tablets, and smart phones are used to connect the people and transfer the valuable information.
Moreover, all the individuals are already connected with the internet with the help of social
networking sites such as Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn. In recent years, due to advancement in
internet towards IoE, individuals are able to connect each other in more related and helpful ways.
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Start

1. Extract the map information

2. Segmentation of maps
3. Storage in a segmented data structure

Create set of ants and assign a starting location for their

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movements

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Identify the route (next node) based on fuzzy traffic intensity and

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pheromones

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End path reached?
No
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Yes

Copy the ant’s memory to the backward ant memory and update the
pheromones of the routes
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Update the segment routing table from the ant’s memories and
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complete the routing table

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Reach the destination using the routing table

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Yes
End of the path reached?
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No

No Yes
Has it been 50sec since
updating the routing table?

Get appropriate routes from the vehicles memories and

compute required parameters

Stop
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Fig. 1. Workflow of the proposed method

Things are play a vital role in IoE system to sense the valuable information from the
physical devices that are connected with the internet. Data collected from the physical devices
are used to enable the users to take a better decision when an emergency situation arises at an
event. For example, when the patient health condition is worse ever before then alarm will be
switch on and a notification will be send to the doctor or care holder. The sensor data collected
from various IoT medical devices is transferred into the data store to process and make effective

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decisions when an emergency situation arises at an event.

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The devices connected to the internet are used to collect the valuable information from
the individuals or things. The IoT devices are usually sense a specific data and stream it over the

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internet. The collected data will be stored in the sensor server to process and extract the high
value hidden information. Unprocessed data collected from various physical devices are
analyzed and appropriate actions are taken at necessary time. For example, in healthcare

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industry, high and low glucose levels are used to monitor the normal glucose level of the patient
in the healthcare department.
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Processes play a vital role in monitoring the functions of data, people, and things.
Processes are also used to bring the valuable information from the interconnection of data,
people, and things. Accurate processes and connection are used to transfer the appropriate
information and add value to the IoE system. The processes are uses various advanced wireless
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network technologies to transfer the valuable information to the destination. Nowadays, 5G

mobile network are widely used in IoE system to transfer the data generated from the physical
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devices which are connected in the internet. The strong connection network between the devices,
data, and individuals are used to identify business insights from IoE technologies. Recently,
social networks and wearable devices are used to promote pertinent healthcare contributions to
potential users.
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4. IoV based intelligent traffic management

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In recent decades, man-to-man and man-to-machine communications are often

used in many applications in wireless networks. Nowadays, due to advancement in wireless
technologies (4G networks, 5G networks and LTE) the man-to-man and man-to-machine
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communication are enhanced as machine-to-machine (M2M) communication network. This

advancement is used to enhance and improve the field of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)
communication network. Moreover, the devices fixed in the machine-to-machine (M2M)
network are always in moves dynamically from source to destination.

M2M communication is used in many applications it includes smart home, E-haelth,

robotics, smart cities and wearable medical devices [38]. Sensors, actuators, routers, Wi-Fi and
4G/5G mobile networks are playing a vital role in M2M communication networks. In recent
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decade, there is need to have an external environment or platform to support the communication
between the sensor devices and server [39, 40, 41]. The communication platform would create
more computation cost and overhead. In order to overcome this issue, M2M communication
networks are identified with an advance communication technology. This advancement is used to
enable the direct communication between source and destination without need for any additional
platform or environment [42].

Moreover, senor devices are often used to observe the specific signal and transmit to the

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server. Once the server received the signal from the sensor devices then it takes a necessary
action based on the signal received from the sensor. It would create latency and transmission

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delay in wireless communication [43]. In order to overcome this issue, Device-to-Device (D2D)
is identified with the help of advance sensor communication technologies. More specifically,

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spectral bandwidth is used in the D2D communication to transfer the messages between the
nearby mobile devices [44]. Recently, D2D communication networks are combined with 4G
LTE advance mobile communication to reduce the transmission delay and latency in the data

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transmission [45]. The advancement in D2D communication also used to enable the mobile
devices to transfer the large volume of data between the nearby mobile devices. In addition, D2D
communication networks do not require any external environment or platform to enable the
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connection between the nearby mobile devices [46].

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication network is used to transfer the signal and

information between the vehicles [47]. More commonly, the vehicle driving speed, geo location
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of the vehicle, travel direction, breaking data and lack of stability are transferred between the
vehicles in V2V communication networks [48]. The V2V communication networks use a
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dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) between the vehicles [49]. As bus, car and smart
traffic monitor transfer the data between the nearby vehicles, mesh network is widely used in
V2V communication [50]. Generally, 5 to 10 hops are used to transfer the traffic signal for 1
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mile distance. For example, if any driver chooses a wrong route then the V2V system enables the
alarm or flashes the red light in the front panel.
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In this paper, we have proposed a novel IoV based traffic management method to prevent
heavy traffic formation and accidents. The proposed method is demonstrated on the study are of
Vellore district, Tamil Nadu, India. The street maps are segmented into number small maps. Ant
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colony algorithm is applied on each map in order to find the optimal route. In addition, Fuzzy
logic based traffic intensity calculation function is proposed in this paper to model the heavy
traffic. The proposed IoV based traffic management method is applied for a continuous health
monitoring system. The proposed method is classified into four stages as follows: map
segmentation and graph conversion, ant colony optimization algorithm, computation of traffic
intensity and Pheromone update. Fig. 1 represents the workflow of the proposed method.
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4.1 Map Segmentation and Graph Conversion

The street maps are segmented into several parts with almost identical sizes. The segmented
maps are used to model the dynamic vehicular environments. Moreover, significant routes are
identified in each segmented maps independently instead of using whole map.

The segmented maps are converted to a graph where each graph is represented by set of nodes
and links.
( ) (1)

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Where,

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= represents the set of nodes
= represents the set of links

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The segment routing table is maintained in each segment and updated dynamically. The Segment
Routing Table (Rti) is defined by,

Rti = ( ) (2) US
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Where,
Rti = represents the routing table for segment i (i=1,2,…,n) where n represents the number of
number of nodes in a segment.
Once the map is segmented and routing table is formed, then the ant colony algorithm is applied
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for each segment to update all edges and identify the best route.
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Procedure of ACS algorithm

Begin

Initialize

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While stopping criterion not satisfied do

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Position each ant in a starting node

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Repeat

For each ant do

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Choose next node by applying same transition rule

Apply step by step pheromone update

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End for

Until every ant has built a solution

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Update best solution

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Apply offline pheromone update

End while
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End
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4.2 Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

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The proposed ant colony algorithm uses forward ant and backward ant procedures to identify the
optimal route to reach the destination. The number of vehicles currently moving on a road and
the road length are collected simultaneously with the help of IoV technology. The computation
of maximum number of vehicles which can be on the road is defined by,

( )
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Where,
= represents the length of the road
= represents the number of roads in a street between node i and j
= represents the average distance between two vehicles
= represents the average length of vehicles

In this paper, and are taken as 3 m and 5 m respectively. The computation of density of
vehicle ( ) is defined by,

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( )

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In ant colony optimization, forward ants are used to find the optimal and shortest path to reach
the destination. The movement of new position is defined by the forward ants as follows:

( ) ∑
( )
( )
(
(
)
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( )
( )
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{
Where,
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= represents the pheromone value of an ant in node i to move to node j and is calculated by
backward ants using Equation (7).
= represents the instantaneous state of the fuzzy value on the link from i to j and calculated
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by vehicle as ant.
a = represents the weight for the importance of
b = represents the weight for the importance of
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= represents the set of nodes connected to node i that an ant k has not visited yet
= represents number of neighbors for node j
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If a forward ant reaches its destination, then the forward ant changes as a backward ant. Hence,
the memory of forward ant is used by the backward ant to find optimal route.
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4.3 Calculate fuzzy traffic intensity

The traffic intensity is computed with the help of two input parameters namely the number of
lines ( ) and present traffic on the same link. On the basis of and present traffic the
current instantaneous congestion state ( ) is computed dynamically.
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As shown in Table 3 and Table 4, the fuzzy linguistic variables, Lines and Traffic are used as a
input variable and Intensity is considered as a output variable.

Table 3 Lines and Traffic

Linguistic Variable Fuzzy Membership Function
Very Low (VL) (0,0,0.25)
Low (L) (0,0.25,0.5)
Medium (M) (0.25,0.5,0.75)

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High (H) (0.5,0.75,1)
Very High (VH) (0.75,1,1)

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Table 4 Intensity

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Linguistic Variable Fuzzy Numbers
Very Low (VL) (0,0,1)
Low (L) (0,1,3)
Medium Low (ML) (1,3,5)
Medium (M)
Medium High (MH)
High (H)
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(5,7,9)
(7,9,10)
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Very High (VH) (9,10,10)

The fuzzy inference system is defined by,

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( ) ( )

The traffic intensity is represented as ̅ * + and the average

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defuzzifier is defined by,

∑ ̅
( )
∑ ̅
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4.4 Pheromone update

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The pheromone value of links is updated on the basis of backward ants’ arrival time. The
function to increase and decrease the pheromone value is defined by,

( ) ∑ ( )
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Where,
, - represents the pheromone evaporation value
m = represents the number of nodes in the same segment

The computation of pheromone placed on links i and j by ant k is defined by,

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{ (9)

Where,
= represents the travel time
= represents the vehicle density
= represents the length of each link which traverse by ant k
5. Performance Evaluation

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The proposed IoV based route selection method is compared with the existing shortest path
selection algorithms such as Dijikstra algorithm, Kruskal’s algorithm and Prim’s algorithm. The

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experimental results proved the good performance of the proposed IoV based route selection
method. The average travel time and average waiting time are calculated for dynamic size of
vehicles. The experimental results are depicted in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.

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AN
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Fig. 2 Average travel time

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6. Conclusion US
Fig. 3 Average waiting time
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This paper proposed a novel IoV based traffic management method to prevent heavy traffic
formation and accidents. The proposed method is demonstrated on the study are of Vellore
district, Tamil Nadu, India. The street maps are segmented into number small number of
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distinct maps. Ant colony algorithm is applied on each map in order to find the optimal route.
In addition, Fuzzy logic based traffic intensity calculation function is proposed in this paper to
model the heavy traffic. The future work of this paper is to use the proposed IoV based traffic
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management method for a continuous health monitoring system.

References:
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[1] Cheng, C., & Zongxin, W. (2013, December). Design of a System for Safe Driving Based
on the Internet of Vehicles and the Fusion of Multi-aspects Information. In Computational
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Intelligence and Security (CIS), 2013 9th International Conference on (pp. 692-696).
IEEE.
[2] Sarma, A. C., & Girão, J. (2009). Identities in the future internet of things. Wireless
personal communications, 49(3), 353-363.
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Authour biography

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Priyan Malarvizhi Kumar is currently pursuing a PhD in the Vellore Institute of Technology
University. He received my Bachelor of Engineering and Master of Engineering degree from Anna

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University and Vellore Institute of Technology University, respectively. His current research interests
include Big Data Analytics, Internet of Things, Internet of Everything, and Internet of Vehicles in
Healthcare. He is the author/co-author of papers in international journals and conferences.

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Usha Devi Gandhi is working as an Associate Professor in the School of Information Technology and
Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology University. She received her Bachelor of Engineering and
Master of Engineering degree from the Anna University. Her Current research interests include big data
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analytics and wireless networks. She has published number of international journals and conferences. She
is a member of CSI and IEEE.
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Gunasekaran Manogaran is working in University of California, Davis, USA. He has received his PhD
from the Vellore Institute of Technology University, India. He received his Bachelor of Engineering and
Master of Technology from Anna University and Vellore Institute of Technology University respectively.
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He has worked as a Research Assistant for a project on spatial data mining funded by Indian Council of
Medical Research, Government of India. His current research interests include data mining, big data
analytics and soft computing. He is the author/co-author of papers in conferences, book chapters and
journals. He got an award for young investigator from India and Southeast Asia by Bill and Melinda
Gates Foundation. He is a member of International Society for Infectious Diseases and Machine
Intelligence Research labs.

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Revathi Sundarasekar is currently pursuing PhD in the Anna University, Chennai, India. She received
her Master of Computer Science and Engineering and Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science from
Anna University, Chennai, India. She is the author/co-author of papers in international journals, book
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chapters and conferences. Her current research interests include Big Data analytics, and Internet of
Things.
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Naveen Chilamkurti is currently working as a Senior Lecturer at Department of Computer Science and
Computer Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia. He received his PhD from La Trobe University.
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He is also the Inaugural Editor-in-Chief for International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband
Technologies launched in July 2011. He has published about 125 journal and conference papers. His
current research areas include intelligent transport systems (ITS), wireless multimedia, wireless sensor
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networks, vehicle to infrastructure, vehicle to vehicle communications, health informatics, mobile

communications, WiMAX, mobile security, mobile handover, and RFID. He currently serves on editorial
boards of several international journals. He is a senior member of IEEE. He is also an Associate Editor
for Wiley IJCS, SCN, Inderscience JETWI, and IJIPT.
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Dr.R.Varatharajan received his B.E., M.E. and Ph.D. degrees all in Electronics and Communication

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Engineering from Anna University and Bharath University, India. His main area of research activity
is Medical Image processing, Wireless Networks and VLSI Physical Design. He has served as a
reviewer for Springer, Inderscience and Elsevier journals. He has published many research articles in
refereed journals. He is a member of IEEE, IACSIT,IAENG, SCIEI and ISTE wireless research group. He

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has been serving as Organizing Chair and Program Chair of several International conferences and in
the Program Committees of several International conferences. Currently he is working as a Associate
professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at Sri Ramanujar
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Engineering College, Chennai, India.
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