QUESTION BANK

Unit-1 INTERFERENCE, DIFFRACTION AND POLARIZATION

Interference: Principle of superposition –Interference of light - Interference in thin films
(Reflection Geometry) - Newton’s Rings- Determination of wavelength and refractive index.
Diffraction: Introduction - Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction - Fraunhofer diffraction due
to single slit, double slit (Qualitative) - N-slits (Qualitative) – Diffraction Grating - Rayleigh
criterion- Resolving power of Grating.
Polarization: Introduction-Types of polarization - Polarization by reflection, refraction and
Double refraction - Nicol’s Prism -Half wave and Quarter wave plates.

S.N QUESTIONS BTL CO M

1 Explain the phenomenon of interference of light in thin films. L2 CO1 10M
2 Explain how you would use Newton's rings to determine the L2 CO1 10M
wavelength of a monochromatic radiation?
3 Discuss in detail Fraunhofer diffraction due to single slit and draw the L1 CO1 10M
intensity distribution curve.
4 What is resolving power of optical instruments? Obtain the formula for L1 CO1 10M
resolving power grating.
5 Explain the principle, construction and working of a Nicol prism with a L2 CO1 10M
neat diagram.
6 Define interference. Measure thickness of air film at 10th dark ring L1 CO1 4M
when system viewed normally by reflected ray of wavelength 500 nm.
The diameter of 10th dark ring is 2 mm.
7 Distinguish between Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction. L4 CO1 4M
8 State Brewster's law and find the Brewster angle for a glass slab L1 CO1 4M
(µ = 1.5) immersed in water (µ =4/3)
9 What is Quarter wave? Derive expression for its thickness. L1 CO1 4M
10 What is Half wave plate ? Find the minimum thickness of half wave L1 CO1 4M
plate for a light beam of λ=589.3 nm if µ e=1.4860 and µo=1.65833.

Unit-2 LASERS AND OPTICAL FIBRES

Lasers: Introduction – Characteristics of laser – Spontaneous and Stimulated emissions of
radiation – Einstein’s coefficients – Population inversion –Pumping mechanisms - Ruby
laser – He-Ne laser - Applications of lasers.
Faber optics: Introduction –Principle of optical fiber- Acceptance Angle - Numerical
Aperture - Optical fiber Communication system - Applications.

S.N QUESTIONS BTL CO M

1 What are Einstein coefficients? show relation between them. L1 CO2 10M
2 With the help of a neat diagram, explain the construction and working L2 CO2 10M
of He-Ne LASER.
3 With the help of a neat diagram, explain the construction and working L5 CO2 10M
of Ruby LASER
4 Explain construction and working principle of optical fiber as a wave L5 CO2 10M
guide.
5 Define the terms numerical aperture and acceptance angle. Find L1 CO2 10M
expression for acceptance angle for an optical fiber and show how it is
related to numerical aperture.
6 Distinguish between spontaneous emission and Stimulated emission L4 CO2 4M
 7 Explain terms population inversion and pumping. L3 CO2 4M
8 The refractive indices of core and cladding materials of a step index L3 CO2 4M
fibre are 1.48 and 1.45 respectively solve numerical aperture and
acceptance angle.
9 Draw the schematic diagram optical fiber communication system . L2 CO2 4M
10 What are the applications of lasers in communication and in medicine ? L3 CO2 4M
Unit-3 DIELECTRICS AND MAGNETISM
Dielectric Materials: Introduction -Dielectric polarization, Dielectric polarizability, Susceptibility
and Dielectric constant - Types of polarizations- Electronic (Quantitative), Ionic (Quantitative) and
Orientation polarizations (Qualitative) - Lorentz internal field- Clausius- Mossotti equation-
Piezoelectricity
Magnetic Materials: Introduction - Magnetic dipole moment - Magnetization- Magnetic
susceptibility and permeability - Origin of permanent magnetic moment -Classification of
magnetic materials: Dia, para, Ferro, antiferro & Ferri magnetic materials - Domain concept for
Ferromagnetism (Qualitative) - Hysteresis - soft and hard magnetic materials- Eddy currents-
Engineering applications.

S.N QUESTIONS BTL CO M

1 Explain the terms dielectric constant and polarizability. Show that L1 CO3 10M
D=є0E + P, єr=1+ ‫אַ‬
2 Explain Electronic polarization in atoms and obtain an expression for L5 CO3 10M
electronic polarizability.
3 What is Ionic polarization. Derive the expression for Ionic L1 CO3 10M
polarizability.
4 What is ferromagnetic hysteresis? Explain the ferromagnetic hysteresis L1 CO3 10M
on the basis of domain theory.
5 Distinguish between Dia, Para, Ferro magnetism. L4 CO3 10M
6 Find orbital magnetic moment of electrons. L1 CO3 4M
7 What is meant by dielectric? Determine the electric susceptibility for a L1 CO3 4M
gas whose dielectric constant is 1.000057
8 Show the Claussius Mosotti relation in dielectrics. L2 CO3 4M
9 Recall some applications of Piezo electrics. L1 CO3 4M
10 What are soft and hard magnetic materials ? L1 CO3 4M

Unit-4 QUANTUM MECHNICS AND FREE ELECTRON THEORY

Quantum Mechanics: Dual nature of matter – Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle –
Significance and properties of wave function – Schrodinger’s time independent and
dependent wave equations–Particle in a one-dimensional infinite potential well.
Free Electron Theory: Classical free electron theory (Qualitative with discussion of
merits and demerits) – Quantum free electron theory– Equation for electrical conductivity
based on quantum free electron theory- Fermi-Dirac distribution- Density of states(3D) -
Fermi energy.
Band theory of Solids: Bloch’s Theorem (Qualitative) - Kronig - Penney model
(Qualitative)- Evs K diagram - V vs K diagram - effective mass of electron – Classification
of crystalline solids.

S.N QUESTIONS BTL CO M

1 Prove the Schrödinger time dependent wave equation. L5 CO4 10M
2 Prove the Schrödinger time independent wave equation. L5 CO4 10M
3 Find the expression for electrical conductivity of a metals based on L1 CO4 10M
 quantum free electron theory.
4 What is Fermi level? Explain Fermi-Dirac distribution function of L1 CO4 10M
electrons.
5 Explain insulators, semiconductors and conductors based on L2 CO4 10M
energy band gap.
6 Find the expression for effective mass of an electron. L1 CO4 4M
7 Explain Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle. L2 CO4 4M
8 What are matter waves ? evaluate the de-Broglie wavelength L5 CO4 4M
associated with an electron having energy of 2000 ev.
9 What are the salient features of Quantum free electron theory L1 CO4 4M
10 What are the merits and demerits of classical free electron theory L1 CO4 4M
Unit-5 SEMICONDUCTOTRS

Semiconductors: Introduction- Intrinsic semiconductors – Density of charge carriers –

Electrical conductivity – Fermi level – extrinsic semiconductors – density of charge
carriers – dependenceof Fermi energy on carrier concentration and temperature - Drift and
diffusion currents – Einstein’sequation- Hall effect – Hall coefficient –Applications of Hall
effect - Light Emitting diodes - Photo conductors - Solar cell.

S.N QUESTIONS BTL CO M

1 State and explain the Hall Effect in semiconductors and derive the Hall L2 CO5 10M
coefficient.
2 Find the expression for electron concentration in an intrinsic L1 CO5 10M
semiconductor.
3 Find the expression for hole concentration in an intrinsic L1 CO5 10M
semiconductor.
4 Explain working of Light emitting diode. L2 CO5 10M
5 Describe the drift and diffusion currents in a semi conductor. L4 CO5 10M
Derive their expressions. Deduce Einstein's equation.
6 Tell any four applications of Hall Effect L1 CO5 4M
7 Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors with L4 CO5 4M
suitable examples.
8 The RH of a specimen is 3.66x10-4 m3/c; its resistivity is 8.93x10-3 Ωm. L1 CO5 4M
Find µ and n
9 Explain working of solar cell L2 CO5 4M
10 In a hall coefficient experiment , a current of 0.25 A is sent through a L1 CO5 4M
metal strip having a thickness of 0.2 mm and width 5 mm. The Hall
voltage is found to be 0.15 mV when a magnetic field of 2000 G is
used . What is the career concentration?

Level : L1:Remembering ; L2: Understanding; L3: Applying; L4: Analyzing; L5: Evaluating
(Refer REVISED Bloom’s Taxonomy Action Verbs)

Standard Books:
1. M. N. Avadhanulu, P.G.Kshirsagar & TVS Arun Murthy “A Text book of Engineering Physics”-
S.Chand Publications,
2. “Engineering Physics” by D.K.Bhattacharya and Poonam Tandon.

3. Applied Physics by P.K.Palanisamy SciTech publications.

Reference Books
1. David J. Griffiths, “Introduction to Electrodynamics”- 4/e, Pearson Education,2014

2. Gerd Keiser “Optical Fiber Communications”- 4/e, Tata Mc GrawHill ,2008

3. Charles Kittel “Introduction to Solid State Physics”, Wiley Publications,2011

4. S.M.Sze “Semiconductor devices-Physics and Technology”- Wiley,2008