SELF- INSTRUCTIONAL PACKETS

MATHEMATICS Grade 8
Third Quarter
Week 3

I. OBJECTIVES

A. Content Standard
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of axiomatic structure of
geometry and triangle congruence.

B. Performance Standards
The learner is able to communicate mathematical thinking with coherence and clarity
thinking with coherence and clarity in formulating, investigating, analyzing, and solving
real-life problems involving congruent triangles using appropriate and accurate
representations.

C. Learning Competencies
The learner illustrates the SAS, ASA and SSS congruence postulates. (M8GE-IIId-e-1)

D. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. state and illustrate the SAS, ASA, SSS Congruence Postulate and AAS Theorem
based on the observations on different triangles;
2. formulate conclusions based on observations;
3. identify the corresponding congruent parts of congruent triangles;
4. determine the additional corresponding parts needed to allow us to apply SAS, ASA,
SSS Congruence Postulate and AAS Theorem.

II. CONTENT
 Illustrating the SAS, ASA, SSS Congruence Postulate and AAS Theorem

Learning Resources
A. References
Mathematics Learner’s Module (Grade 8)” pages 353-361
by: Abuzo, Emmanuel P. et.al. DepEd-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat
“Exploring Math 8” pages 339-359
by: Oronce, Orlando A. and Mendoza, Marilyn O.
“Grade 8 Mathematics: Patterns and Practicalities” pages 367-374
by: Gladys P. Nivera, Ph.D
“e-math 8” pages 336-353
by: Oronce, Orlando A. et.al.

B. Other Learning Resources

III. PROCEDURES

A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson

Hello there! How are you?

In our last lesson, you’ve learned that two triangles are congruent if their corresponding sides
are equal in length and their corresponding interior angles are equal in measure.

We use the symbol ≅ to show congruence.

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Corresponding sides and angles mean that the side on one triangle and the side on the other
triangle, in the same position match. You may have to rotate one triangle, to make a careful
comparison and find corresponding parts.

Marking

When two triangles are congruent we often mark corresponding sides and angles like this:

The sides marked with one line are equal in length. Similarly, for the sides marked with two
lines. Also for the sides marked with three lines.

The angles marked with one arc are equal in size. Similarly, for the angles marked with two
arcs. Also for the angles marked with three arcs.

Let us have Example :1. Use the following triangles to list

the corresponding parts.

You should have,

Corresponding Sides Corresponding Angles
̅̅̅̅̅ ↔ 𝑇𝑈
𝑀𝑂 ̅̅̅̅ ∠𝑀 ↔ ∠𝑇
̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑁 ↔ 𝑈𝐸 ̅̅̅̅ ∠𝑂 ↔ ∠𝑈
̅̅̅̅̅ ↔ 𝑇𝐸
𝑀𝑁 ̅̅̅̅ ∠𝑁 ↔ ∠𝐸

Example 2: Name the congruent triangle and the congruent parts.

∆𝐹𝐺𝐻 ≅ ∆_______
∠𝐸𝐹𝐼 ≅ ∠ _____ ̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ ______
𝐹𝐺
∠𝐺 ≅ ∠ _____ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐺𝐻 ≅ ______
∠𝐻 ≅ ∠ _____ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐻 ≅ ______

You should get,

∆𝐹𝐺𝐻 ≅ ∆ 𝐹𝐸𝐼
∠𝐸𝐹𝐼 ≅ ∠ 𝐺𝐹𝐻 ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐺 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐸
∠𝐺 ≅ ∠ 𝐸 ̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅
𝐺𝐻 𝐸𝐼
∠𝐻 ≅ ∠ 𝐼 ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐻 ≅ 𝐹𝐼 ̅̅̅
If your answer is correct, you may proceed to the next part of the discussion.
If not, I am sorry but you have to go back to Example 2 and try all over again.

You can now define what congruent triangles are.

If all six pairs of corresponding parts (sides and angles) are congruent, then the triangles are
congruent.

Do you need all six? NO!

Let us see how we can verify if two triangles are congruent using fewer pairs of congruent
corresponding parts. Before we study the postulates and theorem that give some ways to show
that the two triangles are congruent given less number of corresponding congruent parts, let us
first identify the parts of a triangle in terms of their relative positions.

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Included angle is the angle between two sides of a triangle.

Included side is the side common to two angles of a triangle.

In ∆𝑆𝑂𝑁,
̅̅̅̅̅𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆𝑂
∠𝑆 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑆𝑁 ̅̅̅̅
∠𝑂 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑂𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑂𝑁
∠𝑁 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑁𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝑁𝑂
̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑂 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 ∠𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑂
̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑁 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 ∠𝑂 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑁
̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑁 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 ∠𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑁

Let’s have an example.

Given ∆FOR, answer the following question.

1. What is the included angle between ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝑂 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑅 ?
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
2. What is the included angle between 𝐹𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑂 ?
̅̅̅̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝑂
3. What is the included angle between 𝐹𝑅 ̅̅̅̅ ?
4. What is the included side between ∠𝐹 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑅
5. What is the included side between ∠𝑂 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑅 ?
6. What is the included side between ∠𝐹 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑂 ?

You should get:

1. ∠𝐹𝑂𝑅 2. ∠𝑂𝐹𝑅 3.∠𝐹𝑅𝑂
4. ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝑅 5. ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑅 6. ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝑂

If your answer is correct, you may proceed to the next part of the discussion.
If not, I am sorry but you have to go back to the example and try all over again.
Now it’s your turn!

Name the required side or angle.

1. the included side of ∠𝑀 and ∠𝑀𝐸𝑃.
̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅̅
2. the included angle of 𝐸𝑇 𝐸𝑁.

You should get:

̅̅̅̅̅
1. 𝑀𝐸 2. ∠𝑁𝐸𝑇

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson

Euclid wrote his mathematics book, called the Elements, in

Alexandria around 300 BC. It starts and finishes with geometry, but
along the way deals with such things as quadratic equations, ratio and
proportions, and prime numbers, all treated with a distinctly geometric
flavor. Euclid’s book also became the most famous textbook in
mathematics, and was still being used as the standard text for school
geometry well into the 20th century.

Congruence is an essential part of the early logical foundation of Euclid’s geometry, and
remains so in our present school courses. The concept of ‘moving one triangle to fit exactly on
top of the other’ is not regarded nowadays by mathematicians as a satisfactory starting point for

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congruence, but it is perfectly satisfactory for school geometry. Euclid’s development of the
congruence tests uses this idea very cleverly, and his actual text could well be used as extension
in Years 9−10. It was, after all, the standard school geometry textbook not so long ago .

Euclid’s work is interesting for second reason − it uses geometry as a means of dealing with
arithmetic and algebra. Geometry and arithmetic can both be used as bases for mathematics.
(Source: https://amsi.org.au/teacher_modules/Congruence.html)

C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson

Now let us discuss the congruence postulates and theorem.

We start by illustrating SAS Postulate.

SAS Postulate (SIDE-ANGLE-SIDE)

If two sides and the included angle of one triangle are congruent to the
corresponding two sides and the included angle of another triangle, then the
two triangles are congruent.

Note: Included angle is the angle formed by two given sides.

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐷𝐸
If 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ , ∠B ≅ ∠E. and 𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐸𝐹
̅̅̅̅ , then ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF.
In the diagram, ∠B is the included angle of sides ̅̅̅̅𝐵𝐴 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 . ∠E is the included angle of sides
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐷 and 𝐸𝐹 . In order to use the side-angle-side postulate, we must be able to identity the
appropriate sides and angles.

Example 1
Determine if the SAS Postulate can be used to prove that the given triangles are congruent. If it
is not possible, explain why.

Solution:
a. From the diagrams, you know that ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 . The angle included between
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐴𝐷
𝐵𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ is ∠BDA. The angle included between 𝐶𝐷
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐴𝐷
̅̅̅̅ is ∠CDA. Since any two right
angles are congruent, so ∠BDA≅ ∠CDA. You can use the SAS Postulate to conclude that
∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐶𝐷.

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐻𝐼
b. You are given that 𝐸𝐹 ̅̅̅̅ and 𝐹𝐺
̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐼𝐽
̅ . You know that ∠F ≅ ∠I and they are included
angles between the pairs of congruent sides. You can use the SAS Postulate to conclude
that ∆EFG ≅ ∆HIJ.

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Example 2: Determine if the SAS Postulate can be used to prove that the triangles are
congruent.
In the figure,
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐺 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝐺

̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝐺 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐺

∠AGN ≅ ∠LGE

We conclude that ∆AGN ≅ ∆LGE by the SAS

Postulate because the triangles' two
corresponding sides and included angles are
congruent.

Now, it’s your turn. Write your answers on your Math notebook.

I. Show that the two triangles are congruent by naming the congruent parts, then name the
triangles that are congruent by SAS Congruence Postulate.

1.
2.

II. In the following figures, corresponding congruent parts are marked. Indicate the additional
corresponding parts needed to allow us to apply SAS Congruence Postulate.
1. 2.

Now, check your work by turning to section Score Description

key to correction. Give yourself 1 point for every correct answer. 9 - 10 Very Good
How many correct answers did you get? Rate your result using the
table on the right. If your score is at least 6 out of 10, you may now 6-8 Good
proceed to next part of the discussion. 3-5 Fair
Turn Section J
and work on the
0-2 enrichment
activities

D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1

One way to think about triangle congruence is to imagine they are made of cardboard. They are
congruent if you can slide them around, rotate them, and flip them over in various ways so they
make a pile where they exactly fit over each other.

5
We've just studied the first postulate that will help us prove congruence between triangles. In this
section, we will get introduced to another postulate that involve the angles of triangles much more
than the SAS Postulate did. Understanding this postulate and being able to apply it in the correct
situations will help us tremendously as we continue our study of Geometry. Let's take a look at
our next postulate.

ASA Postulate (Angle-Side-Angle)

If two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to the
corresponding two angles and the included side of another triangle, then the two
triangles are congruent.

Note: Included side is the side of the triangle whose endpoints are the vertices of the two
given angles.

In a sense, this is basically the opposite of the SAS Postulate. The SAS Postulate required
congruence of two sides and the included angle, whereas the ASA Postulate requires two angles
and the included side to be congruent. An illustration of this postulate is shown below.
Example 1: Using the marked figures, can the ASA Postulate be used to show that the triangles
are Congruent? Explain.

In the figure,

∠B ≅ ∠E - ANGLE
̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐹 – SIDE (included side)
∠C ≅ ∠F - ANGLE

We conclude that ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF by the ASA

Postulate because the triangles' two corresponding
angles and included side are congruent.

Example 2: Determine if the ASA Postulate can be used to prove that the triangles are
congruent.

In the figure,
∠EON ≅ ∠XSI - ANGLE
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑆𝐼
𝑂𝑁 ̅ – SIDE (included side)
∠ONE ≅ ∠SIX - ANGLE

We conclude that ∆ONE ≅ ∆SIX by the ASA

Postulate because the triangles' two
corresponding angles and included side are
congruent.

6
Example 3: Using the marked figures, can the ASA Postulate be used to show that the triangles
are congruent? Explain.
In the figure,
∠D ≅ ∠X - ANGLE
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑋𝑍
𝐷𝐹 ̅̅̅̅ – SIDE
∠E ≅ ∠Y - ANGLE

̅̅̅̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋𝑍
Since 𝐷𝐹 ̅̅̅̅ are not the included sides
between the congruent angles, the ASA Postulate
cannot be used to show that the two triangles are
congruent.

Now, it’s your turn. Write your answer on your Math notebook.

Example 4: Using the marked figures, determine if the ASA Postulate can be used to prove
that the triangles are congruent.

You should get:

̅̅̅̅ ≅ DE
In the diagrams on the left, AB ̅̅̅̅ (included
side), ∠A ≅ ∠D (angle), ∠B ≅ ∠E (angle),
therefore, triangle ABC is congruent
to triangle DEF.

Example 5: Use the given information to complete each statement. If the triangles cannot be
proven congruent from the given information, write “not congruent”.

SOLUTION:
∆GIT ≅ ∆AIN
In the figure,
∠G ≅ ∠A - ANGLE
̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝐼
𝐺𝐼 ̅̅̅ – SIDE
∠GIT ≅ ∠AIN - ANGLE

Since, ∠GIT ≅ ∠AIN are congruent by Vertical Angle

Theorem, the ASA Postulate can be used to show
that the two triangles are congruent.

Example 6: In the following figures, corresponding congruent parts are marked. Indicate the
additional corresponding parts needed to allow us to apply ASA Congruence Postulate.

SOLUTION:
In the figure,
∠C ≅ ∠V - ANGLE
∠A ≅ ∠U - ANGLE
Therefore, the additional corresponding part needed is
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑉𝑈
corresponding congruent included side which is 𝐶𝐴 ̅̅̅̅.

7
Now, it’s your turn. Write your answer on your Math notebook.

Example 7: Using the marked figures, Indicate

the additional corresponding parts
needed to allow us to apply ASA
Congruence Postulate.

You should get:

In the diagrams above, ∠C ≅ ∠R (angle),

̅̅̅̅
CB ≅ ̅̅̅̅
RQ (included side), therefore the
additional corresponding part needed to
conclude that the triangles are congruent by ASA Congruence Postulate is ∠B ≅ ∠Q
(angle).

Now, it’s your turn. Write your answer on your Math notebook.

Activity 1: Answer each of the following completely.

1. Show that the two triangles are congruent by naming the congruent parts, then name the
triangles that are congruent by ASA Congruence Postulate.

a. b.

2. In the following figures, corresponding congruent parts are marked. Indicate the
additional corresponding parts needed to allow us to apply ASA Congruence Postulate.

a. b.

Score Description
Now, check your work by turning to section 9- 10 Very Good
key to correction. Give yourself 1 point for every correct answer. Good
6-8
How many correct answers did you get? Rate your result using the
table above. 3-5 Fair
If your score is at least 6 out of 10, you may now proceed to next Turn to Section
part of the discussion. J and work on
0-2 the enrichment
activities

We've just studied the ASA Postulate that will help us prove congruence between triangles. In
this section, we will get introduced to a theorem that involves the angles of triangles and non-
included side. Let's take a look at the theorem.

8
 AAS or SAA Theorem (Angle-Angle-Side)
If two angles and a non-included side of one triangle are congruent to the
corresponding two angles and a non-included side of another triangle, then the
triangles are congruent.

In order to use this postulate, it is essential that the congruent sides not be included between
the two pairs of congruent angles. If the side is included between the angles, we would actually
need to use the ASA Postulate. The correct use of the AAS Theorem is shown below.

Example 1: Using the marked figures, can the AAS Theorem be used to show that the
triangles are Congruent? Explain.

In the figure,
∠B ≅ ∠E - ANGLE
∠C ≅ ∠F - ANGLE
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ – SIDE (non-included side)
𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐷𝐸
We conclude that ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF by the AAS
Theorem because the triangles' two corresponding
angles and non-included side are congruent.

Example 2: Determine if the AAS Theorem can be used to prove that the triangles are
congruent.

In the figure,
∠REN ≅ ∠RVN - ANGLE
∠ERN ≅ ∠VRN - ANGLE
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑅𝑁
𝑅𝑁 ̅̅̅̅ – SIDE (non-included side)

We conclude that ∆ERN ≅ ∆VRN by the AAS

Theorem because the triangles' two
corresponding angles and non-included side are
congruent.

Now, it’s your turn. Write your answer on your Math notebook.

Example 3: Using the marked figures, determine if the AAS Theorem can be used to prove
that the triangles are congruent.
You should get:

In the diagrams, ∠N ≅ ∠Y (angle), ∠C ≅ ∠T

(angle),and ̅̅̅̅
CA ≅ ̅̅̅̅
TR (non-included side),
therefore, triangle CAN is congruent
to triangle TRY.

9
Example 4: In the following figures, corresponding congruent parts are marked. Indicate the
additional corresponding parts needed to allow us to apply AAS Theorem.

SOLUTION:

In the figure,
∠E ≅ ∠R - ANGLE
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑅𝑄
𝐸𝐹 ̅̅̅̅ – NON-INCLUDED SIDE
Therefore, the additional corresponding
part needed is ∠G ≅ ∠P - ANGLE

Now, it’s your turn. Write your answer on your Math notebook.
Example 5: Using the marked figures, Indicate the additional corresponding parts needed to
allow us to apply AAS Theorem.

You should get:

In the diagrams on the right, ∠Q ≅ ∠S

(angle) and ∠T ≅ ∠R (angle), therefore
the additional corresponding part
needed to conclude that the triangles
are congruent by AAS Theorem
̅̅̅̅ ≅ TR
is TR ̅̅̅̅ (non-included side),.

Activity 2: Answer each of the following completely.

1. Show that the two triangles are congruent by naming the congruent parts, then name the
triangles that are congruent by AAS Theorem.

a.
b.

2. In the following figures, corresponding congruent parts are marked. Indicate the
additional corresponding parts needed to allow us to apply AAS Theorem.

a. b.

10
 Now, check your work by turning to section key to Score Description
correction. Give yourself 1 point for every correct answer.
9 - 10 Very Good
How many correct answers did you get? Rate your result
using the table above. 6-8 Good
If your score is at least 6 out of 10, you may now proceed to Fair
3-5
next part of the discussion.
Turn to Section
J and work on
0-2 the enrichment
activities

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2

Aside from SAS Postulate, ASA Postulate and AAS Theorem, we can also prove two triangles
are congruent using the three sides of a triangle.

SSS Postulate (Side-Side-Side)

If three sides of a triangle are congruent to the corresponding sides of

another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

To illustrate SSS Congruence postulate, consider the following figure:

Example 1:

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐷𝐸
If 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ , 𝐴𝐶
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐷𝐹
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐸𝐹
̅̅̅̅
∴ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹 by SSS Congruence Postulate

Example 2:
Use the diagram on the right to show that the triangles
are congruent. Does it give enough information? Explain.

Solution:
From the diagram, you know that ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ and 𝑉𝐸
𝐿𝐸 ≅ 𝐿𝑂 ̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑉𝑂 . By
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
reflexive property, you know that 𝐿𝑉 ≅ 𝐿𝑉

Thus, enough information is given. Because corresponding sides are congruent, you can use
the SSS Postulate to conclude that
∆𝐿𝐸𝑉 ≅ ∆𝐿𝑂𝑉.
Example 3:
Which triangles are congruent based on the markings in the given figure?
Solution:
̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
Applying the SSS Postulate, 𝐺𝑅 ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐸𝐴
𝐸𝑅 , 𝐺𝑇 ̅̅̅̅ and 𝑅𝑇
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑅𝐴
̅̅̅̅.
Thus, ∆𝐺𝑅𝑇 ≅ ∆𝐸𝑅𝐴.

11
Now, your turn. Write your answers in your notebook.
Answer with a complete solution (5 points)

Use the diagram on the right to show that the triangles

are congruent. Does it give enough information?
Explain.

Now, check your work by turning to section

key to correction. Give yourself 1 point for every Score Description
correct answer. How many correct answers did you 5 Very Good
get? Rate your result using the table on the right. If 3–4 Good
you got 3 out of 5 items, you may now proceed to 2 Fair
the next part of the discussion. Turn to
Section J and
0-1 work on the
enrichment
activities.

F. Developing mastery

_____ ≅ _____, AAS Theorem

B. Which corresponding parts must be congruent so that the two triangles are congruent and
by what congruence postulate?

12
 Score Description
Now, check your work by turning to section
key to correction. Give yourself 1 point for every correct 9 - 10 Very Good
answer. 6-8 Good
How many correct answers did you get? Rate your result
3-5 Fair
using the table above.
Turn to Section J
If your score is at least 6 out of 10, you may now proceed to and work on the
next part of the discussion. 0-2 enrichment
activities

G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living

Congruent triangles can be used for many different things. In architecture congruent
triangles are used to represent doors and how far they swing open. Also when you
use shadows that make triangles to find the height of an object. You can use that find the height
of actual objects and they can also be used to stabilize a bridge.
It is used in aerial photography to see the distance from the sky
to the ground. It is used in construction to measure out the room
and scale size. It is used in light beams to see the distance from
light to the target.

Why do architects use triangles when building bridges, roofs on

houses, lantern, tower antenna, ironing board, center table,
bicycle and other structures? Why not a quadrilateral, why not a
pentagon?
If there is a single most important shape in engineering, it is the
triangle. Unlike a rectangle, a triangle cannot be deformed
without changing the length of one of its sides or breaking one
of its joints. In fact, one of the simplest ways to strengthen a
rectangle is to add supports that form triangles at the rectangle's
corners or across its diagonal length. A single support between
two diagonal corners greatly strengthens a rectangle by turning
it into two triangles. Triangulation of material, adds strength by
eliminating lateral movement.

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H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

Let us now summarize our lesson today.

 SAS Postulate (Side-Angle-Side)
If two sides and the included angle of one
triangle are congruent to the corresponding
two sides and the included angle of another
triangle, then the two triangles are
congruent.

 ASA Postulate (Angle-Side-Angle)

If two angles and the included side of one
triangle are congruent to the corresponding
two angles and the included side of another
triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

 AAS or SAA Theorem (Angle-Angle-Side)

If two angles and a non-included side of one
triangle are congruent to the corresponding two
angles and a non-included side of another
triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

 SSS Postulate (Side-Side-Side)

If three sides of a triangle are congruent to the
corresponding sides of another triangle, then
the two triangles are congruent.

I. Evaluating learning

Name: _____________________________________Date :____________Score:__________

Gr. & Sec.: _____________________________ Parent’s Signature :___________________

Read your Mathematics 8 SIPack and answer the written work below. Your score in this activity sheet will
be recorded and graded. You may write your answers and solutions on this paper. Use additional sheets
of paper if needed.

WRITTEN WORK (15 points)

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the CAPITAL LETTER of the correct answer on the space provided
before each number.

_____1. If three sides of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding three sides of another
triangle, then the two triangles are congruent by ____________________.
A. ASA C. SAS
B. SAA D. SSS

_____ 2. If two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to the
corresponding two angles and the included side of another triangle, then the two
triangles are congruent by ______________.
A. ASA C. SAS
B. SAA D. SSS

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_____3. Congruence means having the same shape and size and is denoted by_____.
A. = C.>
B. ≅ D.~

______4. The symbol for “corresponds to” is ______.

A.≤ C.↔
B.= D. ≅

For items 5 - 8, identify the postulate/theorem that guarantees congruence between each pair of
triangles. Write the capital letter of your choice.
A. ASA C. SAS
B. SAA D. SSS

_____5. _____6.

_____7. _____8.

For items 9 - 11, use the figure on the right.

Given: MATH;

∠AIM and ∠HCT are right angles

̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐴 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝐻; ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑇 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝑀

_____9. What postulate/theorem guarantees that ΔAMT ≅ ΔHTM?

A. ASA C. SAS
B. SAA D. SSS

_____10. Which pair of corresponding parts do you still need to show as congruent to establish
congruence between ΔAIM and ΔHCT using the SAA Theorem?
A. ∠CMH and ∠ITA C. ∠HTC and ∠MIA
B. ∠MAI and ∠THC D. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐼 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝐶

_____11. To establish congruence between ΔIAT ≅ ΔCHM using the SAS Postulate, which pair
of corresponding parts do you need to show as congruent if ̅̅̅
𝐴𝐼 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝐶 ?
̅̅̅
A.𝐴𝐼 and 𝐻𝐶̅̅̅̅ C. ∠TAI and ∠MHC
̅̅̅̅̅ and I𝑇̅
B.𝐶𝑀 D.∠CMH and ∠ITA

For items 12 - 15, determine what other parts of the two triangles need to be proven equal to
show that they are congruent using the indicated Postulate/Theorem .

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_____12. ASA Congruence Postulate

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑂𝑅
A. 𝐸𝑆 ̅̅̅̅ C. ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑂 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐸
B. ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑆 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑅 D. ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐸 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐸

_____13. SSS Congruence Postulate

A. ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸 C. ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝐸 ≅ ̅̅̅
𝐸𝐼
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐷𝐼
B. 𝐷𝑅 ̅̅̅ D. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅
𝐸𝑅 ≅ 𝐸𝐼

_____14. SAS Congruence Postulate

A. ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑍 C. ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝑋
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑌𝑋
B. 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ D. ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑍

_____15. SAA Theorem

A. ∠𝑀𝐴𝑇 ≅ ∠𝐻𝑇𝐴 C. ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝑇 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑇
B. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑇 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝐴 D. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑇 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝐴

J. Additional activities for application or remediation

Part C
2. In the following figure,
1. Show that the two triangles are
corresponding congruent parts are
congruent by naming the congruent
marked. Indicate the additional
parts. Then, name the triangles that are
corresponding parts needed to allow
congruent by SAS Congruence
us to apply SAS Congruence
Postulate.
Postulate.

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ANSWER:

1. In the figure, 2. The additional corresponding

∠𝑀𝑃𝑁 ≅ ∠𝑅𝑆𝑄 part needed to allow us to apply
̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑅𝑆
𝑀𝑃 ̅̅̅̅ SAS Congruence Postulate is
̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝑃 ≅ 𝑄𝑆 ̅̅̅̅ ∠ACB ≅ ∠ECD.
∆MPN ≅ ∆RSQ are congruent by SAS
Congruence Postulate.

If you scored at least 3 out of 5, then you may proceed to the next part of the activity.
If not, you have to go back to the section C and try again.

Part D
Activity 1:

1. In theShow
figure,that the two triangles are 2. In the following figure,
congruent∠𝑀𝑃𝑁by naming
≅ ∠𝑅𝑆𝑄the congruent corresponding congruent parts are
parts, then̅̅̅̅̅ marked. Indicate the additional
𝑀𝑃 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
name 𝑅𝑆the triangles that are
congruent ̅̅̅̅ corresponding parts needed to allow
𝑁𝑃 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
by ASA𝑄𝑆Congruence
Postulate. us to apply ASA Congruence
∆MPN ≅ ∆RSQ are congruent by SAS
Congruence Postulate. Postulate.

ANSWER:

1. In the figure,
∠C ≅ ∠F - ANGLE 2. The additional corresponding
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐹𝐷
𝐶𝐴 ̅̅̅̅ – SIDE part needed to allow us to apply
∠A ≅ ∠D - ANGLE ASA Congruence Postulate is
∆BCA ≅ ∆EFD are congruent by ASA ∠C ≅ ∠M - ANGLE
Congruence Postulate.

Activity 2:

1. Show that the two triangles are 2. In the following figure,

congruent by naming the congruent corresponding congruent parts are
parts, then name the triangles that are marked. Indicate the additional
congruent by AAS Theorem. corresponding parts needed to allow
us to apply AAS Theorem.

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ANSWER:

1. In the figure, 2. The additional corresponding part

∠A ≅ ∠D - ANGLE needed to allow us to apply AAS Theorem.
∠B ≅ ∠E - ANGLE is ∠S ≅ ∠X - ANGLE
̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐴 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐷 – NON-INCLUDED SIDE

∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF are congruent by AAS Theorem.

If you scored at least 6 out of 10, then you may proceed to the next part of the activity.
If not, you have to go back to the section D and try again.

Part E
Answer with a complete solution
Which triangles are congruent based on the
markings in the given figure?

ANSWER:
Applying the SSS Postulate, ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝑂 ≅ ̅̅
𝑇𝑆̅̅ , ̅̅̅̅ 𝑆𝐸 and ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐻 ≅ ̅̅̅̅ 𝐸𝑇 .
𝐻𝑁 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
Thus, ∆𝑁𝑂𝐻 ≅ ∆𝑇𝑆𝐸.

You may proceed to the next part of the discussion if your score is at least 3 out of 5. If not, you
have to go back to section E, and try all over again.

Part F
Give the congruence postulate illustrated by the markings in the triangles.

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Answers:
1. ASA
2. SAA/AAS
3. SSS
4. SAS
5. SAS
You may proceed to the next part of the discussion if your score is at least 3 out of 5. If not, you
have to go back to section E, and try all over again.

KEY TO CORRECTION

Part C
I.
1. In the figure, 2. In the figure,
∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 ≅ ∠𝑋𝑍𝑌 ∠𝑆𝐸𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑉𝐸𝐴
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑌𝑍
𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝐸
𝐴𝐸 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝑋𝑍̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝐸 ≅ 𝑉𝐸̅̅̅̅
∆ACB ≅ ∆XZY are congruent by ∆AES ≅ ∆AEV are congruent by
SAS Congruence Postulate. SAS Congruence Postulate.

II. 1. ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐴 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐸 is the additional corresponding part.
2. ∠𝐼𝑃𝐺 ≅ ∠𝐴𝐹𝑇 is the additional corresponding part.

Part D
Activity 1:
1.
a. In the figure, b. In the figure,
∠E ≅ ∠R - ANGLE ∠P ≅ ∠R - ANGLE
̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐹 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑄 – SIDE ̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑅𝑀
𝑃𝑀 ̅̅̅̅̅ – SIDE
∠F ≅ ∠Q - ANGLE ∠PMN ≅ ∠RMQ - ANGLE
∆AEFG≅ ∆RQP are congruent by ASA ∆PMN ≅ ∆RMQ are congruent by ASA
Congruence Postulate. Congruence Postulate.

2. a. ∠EWN ≅ ∠TWO (angle) is the additional corresponding part.

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐸𝐹
b. 𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ – (side) is the additional corresponding part.

Activity 2:

1.
a. In the figure, b. In the figure,
∠B ≅ ∠L - ANGLE ∠K ≅ ∠U - ANGLE
∠A ≅ ∠K - ANGLE ∠M ≅ ∠S - ANGLE
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑀𝐿
𝐶𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ – NON- ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑈𝑇
𝐾𝐿 ̅̅̅̅ – NON-
INCLUDED SIDE INCLUDED SIDE
∆CAB ≅ ∆MKL are congruent by AAS ∆KML ≅ ∆UST are congruent by AAS Theorem.
Theorem.

2. a. ∠A ≅ ∠F (angle) is the additional corresponding part.

b. ∠STR ≅ ∠VTU – (angle) is the additional corresponding part.

Part E
From the diagram, you know that ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ and 𝐶𝐸
𝑅𝐸 ≅ 𝑅𝐴 ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐴
̅̅̅̅ . By reflexive property, you know that
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑅𝐶
𝑅𝐶 ̅̅̅̅

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Thus, enough information is given. Because corresponding sides are congruent, you can use
the SSS Postulate to conclude that
∆𝑅𝐸𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑅𝐴𝐶.

Part F
1. ̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐵𝐷
𝐵𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ 6. SAS Congruence Postulate
2. ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑆 ≅ 𝑅𝑆̅̅̅̅ 7. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝑅 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝑅
3. ∠𝐸 ≅ ∠𝐷 8. SSS Congruence Postulate
4. ̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝐷
𝑂𝑁 ̅̅̅̅ /𝑂𝑀
̅̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝑌
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝐸
9. 𝐴𝐸 ̅̅̅̅
5. ∠𝐴𝐵𝐸 ≅ ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 10. ASA Congruence Postulate

20