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Sex Linked Traits

sex linked

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15 views2 pages

Sex Linked Traits

sex linked

Uploaded by

carljustincortes69
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NAME: SCORE: expression in females and males is not the same.

Genes on the
Y chromosome do not exactly pair up with the genes on the X
GRADE & SECTION: DATE:
chromosome. X-linked recessive genes are expressed in females
only if there are two copies of the gene (one on each X
chromosome). However, for males, there needs to be only one
SEX LINKED TRAITS copy of an X-linked recessive gene in order for the trait or
Traits carried by the genes located on the sex disorder to be expressed. For example, a woman can carry a
recessive gene on one of the X chromosomes unknowingly, and
chromosomes (XX or XY) are called SEX-LINKED TRAITS. If the
pass it on to a son, who will express the trait:
gene is located on the X chromosome, it is called an X-LINKED
gene; if on the Y-chromosome, it is called Y-LINKED gene. Recall There is a 50 percent chance that daughters carry the
gene and can pass it to the next generation. There is a 50
XX- Female
percent chance that a daughter will not carry the gene and,
XY- Male therefore, cannot pass it on. There is a 50 percent chance that
sons do not have the gene and will be healthy. However, there
So, obviously, Y-LINKED traits are ONLY inherited by
is a 50 percent chance that a son will have inherited the gene
MALES.
and will express the trait or disorder.
On the other hand, X-LINKED traits can be inherited by If a color-blind man (color blue) marries a woman with
both MALE and FEMALE since both sexes have the X sex normal color vision, NONE of his sons will inherit the abnormal
chromosome. gene, which means they all have normal color vision, but all of
You learned that the genes for a trait have TWO alleles. his daughters will be carriers (color green) of this gene since only
In HETEROZYGOUS alleles, one allele is DOMINANT and the other the daughters receive the X chromosome from their father. The
is RECESSIVE; the recessive trait is usually masked by the cross is represented as follows:
dominant allele and, therefore, is NOT expressed in the 𝑋 𝑛 Y Color-blind male x 𝑋 𝑁 𝑋 𝑁 Female with normal vision
offspring’s phenotype. X-linked traits are usually recessive (and
considered abnormal) and the phenotype is always expressed
in males because they only contain one X-chromosome
(referred to as HEMIZYGOUS)

X-linked inheritance means that the gene causing the


trait or the disorder is located on the X chromosome. Females
have two X chromosomes; males have one X and one Y. Genes
on the X chromosome can be recessive or dominant. Their
If a woman who is a carrier of this abnormal gene marries because the genes that produce the pigments needed for
a man with a normal color vision, the phenotypes of their identifying these colors are found in the X chromosome.
probable offspring would be 25 % daughter carrier, 25 %
Hemophilia or Bleeder’s disease
daughter normal for color vision, 25 % son normal for color vision,
and 25 % son who is red-green color blind. The cross is Another example of sex-linked trait is HEMOPHILIA. This is
represented below: a recessive genetic disorder affecting humans. In hemophilia,
the blood takes longer period to clot, or it fails to clot. This
𝑋 𝑁 Y Male with normal color vision x 𝑋 𝑁 𝑋 𝑛 Carrier female
happens because protein factor VIII or IX necessary for the
blood to clot is missing. This genetic disorder is determined by a
recessive gene likewise located on the X chromosome. Since
hemophilia is an X-linked trait, more men are affected than
women. Hemophiliacs bleed excessively, and if not medically
controlled, it can cause death.

Create a Punnett square showing the offspring of a Female


carrier of hemophilia XX married to a normal XY male.

X depicts having an abnormal allele

Show the following:

Genotypes:

Genotypic Ratio:

Researchers found out that there are about 1,098 Phenotypes:


human X-linked genes. Most of them code for abnormal
Phenotypic Ratio:
conditions and genetic disorders aside from the usual female
sexual characteristics. Hemophilia, red-green color blindness,
and Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD) are some examples of
X-linked traits.

One interesting example of X-linked trait is RED-GREEN


color blindness. It is a condition where in the person cannot
identify between red and green colors. Both colors appear as
shades of gray. More men suffer from this condition than women

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