VITEEE – 2025 -

PHYSICS
1. Mechanics and Properties of Matter
Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Static and kinetic friction
- laws of friction - rolling friction
Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic energy - work-energy theorem
- power.
Conservative forces: conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies)
- non-conservative forces: motion in a vertical circle - elastic and inelastic collisions.
Elastic behaviour - Stress-strain relationship - Hooke's law - Young's modulus - bulk modulus
- shear modulus of rigidity - Poisson's ratio - elastic energy. Viscosity - Stokes' law - terminal
velocity - streamline and turbulent flow - critical velocity. Bernoulli's theorem and its
applications.
Heat and Thermodynamics: Zeroeth law of thermodynamics- Temperature. First law of
thermodynamics- Internal energy-Heat-Work-Isothermal and Adiabatic processes. Second law of
thermodynamics- Reversible and Irreversible processes. Thermal expansion- Heat Capacity- Cp, Cv -
latent heat, Qualitative idea of Blackbody radiation: Wein's displacement law- Stefan's law.

2. Electrostatics
Charges and their conservation; Coulomb’s law - superposition principle. Electric field – electric
field due to a point charge, electric field lines; electric dipole, electric field intensity due to a
dipole - behaviour of a dipole in a uniform electric field. Electric potential - potential difference-
electric potential due to a point charge and dipole - equipotential surfaces – electrical potential
energy of a system of two point charges.
Electric flux-Gauss’s law and its applications. Electrostatic induction-capacitor and
capacitance – dielectrics- electric polarisation – parallel plate capacitor with and
without dielectric – applications of capacitor – energy stored in a capacitor - Capacitors in series
and in parallel – Van de Graaff generator.

3. Current Electricity & Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

Electric Current – drift velocity and mobility and their relation with electric current. Ohm’s law,
electrical resistance - V-I characteristics – electrical resistivity and conductivity-classification of
materials in terms of conductivity – Carbon resistors – colour code for carbon resistors -
combination of resistors – series and parallel – temperature dependence of resistance – internal
resistance of a cell – potential difference and emf of a cell - combinations of cells in series and in
parallel.
Kirchoff’s law – Wheatstone’s Bridge and its application - Metrebridge - special case of
Wheatstone bridge - Potentiometer principle - comparing the emf of two cells.

Magnetic effect of electric current – Concept of magnetic field - Oersted’s experiment – Biot-
Savart law- Magnetic field due to a current carrying straight wire and circular coil – Tangent
galvanometer – Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid – magnetic field lines.
Ampere’s circuital law and its application. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic field
and electric field – cyclotron – Force on current carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field –
Forces between two parallel current carrying conductors - definition of ampere.
Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field - moving coil galvanometer –
conversion to ammeter and voltmeter – current loop as a magnetic dipole - Magnetic dipole
moment of a revolving electron.
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4. Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current
Electromagnetic induction - Faraday’s law - induced emf and current - Lenz’s law. Self
induction - Mutual induction - self inductance of a long solenoid - mutual inductance of two
long solenoids. Methods of inducing emf - (i) by changing magnetic induction (ii) by
changing area enclosed by the coil and (iii) by changing the orientation of the coil.
AC generator - (Single phase, three phase). Eddy current - applications - transformer -
Alternating current - AC circuit with resistance - AC circuit with inductor - AC circuit with
capacitor - LCR series circuit - Resonance and Q - factor - power in AC circuits.

5. Optics
Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light, total internal
reflection and its applications, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens
maker’s formula. Magnification, power of a lens, Resolving power, combination of thin
lenses in contact, combination of a lens and a mirror. Refraction and dispersion of light
through a prism.
Wavefront and Huygens’s principle - Reflection, total internal reflection and refraction of
plane wave at a plane surface using wavefronts. Interference - Young’s double slit
experiment and expression for fringe width - coherent source - Formation of colours in thin
films - Newton’s rings. Diffraction - differences between interference and diffraction of
light. Polarisation of light waves - polarisation by reflection - Brewster’s law - double
refraction - nicol prism - uses of plane polarised light.

6. Dual Nature of Radiation, Atomic & Nuclear Physics

Displacement current - Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics - Transverse nature
of electromagnetic waves - Electromagnetic spectrum - Photoelectric effect - Light waves
and photons - particle nature of light - photocells and their applications.

Atomic structure – discovery of the electron – specific charge (Thomson’s method) and charge of
the electron (Millikan’s oil drop method) – alpha scattering – Rutherford’s atom model.

Nuclear properties - nuclear radii, masses, binding energy, density, charge - isotopes, isobars
and isotones - nuclear mass defect - binding energy - stability of nuclei

Nature of nuclear forces - Radioactivity - alpha, beta and gamma radiations and their
properties - Radioactive decay law - half life - mean life - artificial radioactivity - radio
isotopes - effects and uses. Radio carbon dating. Nuclear fission - chain reaction - atom
bomb - nuclear reactor - nuclear fusion.

7. Semiconductor Devices and their Applications

Semiconductor basics - energy bands in solids: difference between metals, insulators and
semiconductors - semiconductor doping - Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors. Formation
of P-N Junction - Barrier potential and depletion layer-P-N Junction diode - Forward and
reverse bias characteristics - diode as a rectifier - Zener diode- LED. Junction transistors -
characteristics - transistor as a switch - transistor as an amplifier - transistor as an oscillator.

Logic gates - NOT, OR, AND, EXOR using discrete components - NAND and NOR gates as
universal gates - De Morgan’s theorem - Laws and theorems of Boolean algebra.

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 VITEEE – 2025
CHEMISTRY
1. Physical Chemistry
Atomic Structure - Bohr’s atomic model-Sommerfeld’s extension of atomic structure;
Electronic configuration and Quantum numbers; Shapes of s, p, d, f orbitals - Pauli’s exclusion
principle - Hund’s Rule of maximum multiplicity- Aufbau principle. Emission and absorption
spectra, line and band spectra; Hydrogen spectrum – Lyman, Balmer, Paschen, Brackett and
Pfund series; de Broglie’s theory; Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle – wave nature of electron
– Schrodinger wave equation (No derivation). Eigen values and eigen functions. Chemical
bonding and hybridization of atomic orbitals involving s, p and d orbitals.
Thermodynamics, Chemical Equilibrium and Chemical Kinetics - I and II Laws of
thermodynamics – spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes, entropy, Gibb’s free energy –
Standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG0) and chemical equilibrium – significance of entropy.
Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting rates of reaction: concentration, temperature, pressure
and catalyst; Law of mass action – Le Chatelier’s principle, applications of chemical
equilibrium. Rate expression, order, and molecularity of reactions, zero order, first order and
pseudo first order reaction – half-life period. Determination of rate constant and order of
reaction. Temperature dependence of rate constant – Arrhenius equation, activation energy and
its calculation; elementary concept of collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions.
Solutions - Colligative properties of dilute solutions; Different methods for expressing the
concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage, the vapour pressure of
solutions and Raoult's Law - Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for
ideal and non-ideal solutions

2. Inorganic and Material Chemistry

The s-block elements – properties and chemical reactivity of alkali and alkaline earth metals
The p-block elements – Phosphorous compounds: PCl3, PCl5 – Oxides, Hydrogen halides,
Inter-halogen compounds and Xenon fluoride compounds
General characteristics of d – block elements – Electronic Configuration – Oxidation
states of first row transition elements and their colours. Occurrence and principles of
extraction: Copper, Silver, Gold and Zinc. Preparation and properties of CuSO4, AgNO3 and
K2Cr2O7.
Lanthanides – Introduction, electronic configuration, general characteristics, oxidation state –
lanthanide contraction, uses, brief comparison of Lanthanides and Actinides
Introduction to coordination chemistry - IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination
compounds; Isomerism, Geometrical isomerism in 4-coordinate, 6-coordinate complexes.
Theories on coordination compounds – Werner’s theory (brief), Valence Bond theory. Uses of
coordination compounds. Bioinorganic compounds (Haemoglobin and chlorophyll).
Solid-State Chemistry - Lattice – unit cell, systems, types of crystals, packing in solids; Ionic
crystals – Imperfections in solids – point defects, X-Ray diffraction – Electrical Property,
Amorphous solids (elementary ideas only)
Surface Chemistry - Adsorption- physisorption and chemisorption; Catalysis – homogeneous and
heterogeneous catalysis

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3. Analytical Chemistry

Electrochemistry - Redox reactions; Theory of electrical conductance; metallic and electrolytic

conductance. Faraday’s laws – theory of strong electrolytes – Specific resistance, specific
conductance, equivalent and molar conductance – Variation of conductance with dilution –
Kohlrausch’s Law – Ionic product of water, pH, and pH– buffer solutions – use of pH values.
Cells – Electrodes and electrode potentials – construction of cell, EMF values and standard
electrode potentials, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells. Relation between
Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, dry cell, electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells; lead
accumulator; Fuel cells, Corrosion, and its prevention.
Environmental Chemistry - Environmental pollution - Atmospheric, water and soil.

4. Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry

Carbon – tetravalency, hybridization; Classification of organic compounds – functional groups;
Homologous series; Nomenclature (IUPAC); Homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage;
carbocations, carbanions and free radicals; electrophiles and nucleophiles; Inductive effect,
electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation.
Common organic reactions - Substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement
Isomerism in Organic Compounds: Definition, Classification – structural isomerism, stereo
isomerism – geometrical and optical isomerism. Optical activity - chirality – compounds
containing chiral centres – R, S notation, D, L notation.
Detection of the functional groups in organic compounds: Hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic),
carbonyl (aldehyde and ketones) carboxyl and amino groups.

5. Properties and Chemistry of Functionalized Organic Compounds

Alcohols and Ethers - Nomenclature of alcohols – Classification of alcohols - distinction

between 1°, 2° and 3° alcohols – General methods of preparation of primary alcohols,
properties. Methods of preparation of dihydric alcohols: Glycol – Properties – Uses. Methods of
preparation of trihydric alcohols - Properties – Uses. Aromatic alcohols – preparation and
properties of phenols and benzyl alcohol; Ethers – Nomenclature of ethers – general methods of
preparation of aliphatic ethers - Properties – Uses. Aromatic ethers – Preparation of Anisole –
Uses

Carbonyl Compounds - Nomenclature of carbonyl compounds – Comparison of aldehydes and

ketones. General methods of preparation of aldehydes – Properties – Uses. Aromatic aldehydes
– Preparation of benzaldehyde – Properties and Uses. Ketones – general methods of preparation
of aliphatic ketones (acetone) – Properties – Uses. Aromatic ketones – preparation of
acetophenone – Properties – Uses, preparation of benzophenone – Properties. Name reactions;
Clemmensen reduction, Wolff – Kishner reduction, Cannizzaro reaction, Claisen Schmidt
reaction, Benzoin Condensation, Aldol Condensation. Preparation and applications of Grignard
reagents.

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Carboxylic Acids and their derivatives - Nomenclature – Preparation of aliphatic monocarboxylic
acids – formic acid – Properties – Uses. Monohydroxy mono carboxylic acids; Lactic acid –
Synthesis of lactic acid. Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids; Preparation of oxalic and succinic acids.
Aromatic acids: Benzoic and Salicylic acids – Properties – Uses. Derivatives of carboxylic
acids; acetyl chloride (CH3COCl) – Preparation – Properties – Uses. Preparation of acetamide,
Properties – acetic anhydride – Preparation, Properties. Preparation of esters – methyl acetate
– Properties

6. Organic Nitrogen Compounds

Organic Nitrogen Compounds - Aliphatic nitro compounds – Preparation of aliphatic

nitroalkanes – Properties – Uses. Aromatic nitro compounds – Preparation – Properties – Uses.
Distinction between aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds. Amines; aliphatic amines
– General methods of preparation – Properties – Distinction between 1°, 2° and 3° amines.
Aromatic amines – Synthesis of benzylamine – Properties, Aniline – Preparation – Properties –
Uses. Differences between aliphatic and aromatic amines. Aliphatic nitriles – Preparation
– properties – Uses. Diazonium salts – Preparation of benzene diazonium chloride – Properties.

7. Biomolecules and Polymers

Carbohydrates – Distinction between sugars and non-sugars, structural formulae of glucose,

fructose, and sucrose, with their linkages, invert sugar – definition, examples of oligo and
polysaccharides

Amino acids and Proteins – Classification of amino acids with examples, Peptides - properties
of peptide bond; Proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure (qualitative idea
only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes

Lipids - Definition, classification with examples, difference between fats, oils, and waxes.

Nucleic acids – Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA

Polymers - Classification – Natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and

condensation), copolymerization. Some important polymers: natural and synthetic like
polythene, nylon, polyesters, Bakelite, rubber. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable
polymers.

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 VITEEE – 2025 –
MATHEMATICS

1. Matrices and their Applications

Algebra of matrices, Determinants and its properties – Adjoint and inverse of a
square matrix using determinants and elementary transformations – Rank, Test of
consistency and solution of simultaneous linear equations up to three variables –
Solution of Linear Programming problem in two Variables.

2. Trigonometry and Complex Numbers

Fundamentals of Trigonometry, Trigonometric, inverse Trigonometric functions and
their properties, heights and distances.

Complex number system – conjugate, properties, ordered pair representation.

Argand diagram, Algebra of complex numbers, modulus and argument (or polar
form) of a complex number. Solution of polynomial equations – De Moivre’s theorem
and its applications. Roots of a complex number – Cube and fourth roots.

3. Analytical Geometry of two dimensions

Coordinate geometry – Equation of a straight line and family of straight lines -
Properties
Definition of a conic – general equation of a conic, classification with respect to the
general equation of a conic and eccentricity. Equations of conic sections (parabola,
ellipse and hyperbola) in standard forms and general forms – Directrix, Focus and
Latus-rectum – parametric form of conics and chords. – Tangents and normal’s –
Cartesian form and parametric form – equation of chord of contact of tangents.

4. Vector Algebra
Scalar Product and Vector product of two Vectors, properties and applications –
Scalar and Vector triple product – Properties.

5. Analytical Geometry of Three Dimensions

Coordinates of a point in space, the distance between two points, section formula,
directions ratios and direction cosines, the angle between two intersecting lines. Skew
lines, the shortest distance between them and its equation. Equations of a line and a
plane in different forms, the intersection of a line and a plane, coplanar lines.

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6. Differential Calculus
Limits, continuity and differentiability of functions – properties – applications:
tangent, normal and angle between curves.
Mean value theorem – Rolle’s Theorem, Lagrange Mean Value Theorem, Taylor’s
and Maclaurin’s series, stationary points, increasing, minima of decreasing, maxima,
functions of one variable, concavity and points of inflexion-Errors and
approximations.

7. Integral Calculus and its Applications

Simple definite integrals – fundamental theorems of calculus, properties of definite
integrals, Reduction formulae – Area of bounded regions, length of the curves.

8. Differential Equations
Differential equations – formation, order and degree. Solution of first order
differential equations: Variables separable, Homogeneous, Linear equations and
applications.

9. Probability and Distributions

Basics of Probability – Axioms – Addition law – Conditional probability –
Multiplicative law – Baye’s Theorem.
Random variables – probability density function, distribution functions, mathematical
expectation, variance – Discrete distributions: Binomial and Poisson.

10. Discrete Mathematics

Sets – Relations – Functions – Binary Operations. Sequence and series (AP, GP, HP)
– Binomial Theorem – Counting Techniques
Mathematical logic – logical statements, connectives, truth tables, logical
equivalence, tautology, contradiction.

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 VITEEE-2025
APTITUDE

1. Data Interpreta on - Tabular Chart, Pie Chart, Bar Chart, Line Graph, Mixed Charts
2. Data Sufficiency - All topics combined
3. Syllogism - 2 statements and 2 conclusions, 3 statements and 2 conclusion, 2 statements
and 4 conclusions, 3 statements and 4 conclusions, 3 statement and 3 conclusions
4. Number series, Coding, and Decoding - Number series, Le er to Le er Coding, Le er to
Number Coding, Mixed coding
5. Clocks, Calendars, and Direc ons - Mirror image of the clock, Angle based ques ons, Gain
or loss per day, finding days/dates, finding odd days, Occurrence of same calendar year,
Direc ons faced with respect to the star ng point, Distance between two points

ENGLISH
Mul ple Choice Ques ons to test the comprehension of a short passage or line of poems,
English grammar, and pronuncia on. Please note that the passages, lines of poems, dialogues,
grammar, and pronuncia on items are chosen to suit the level of higher secondary or
equivalent educa on.