VITEEE 2025

Syllabus

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A Note to students 3
Syllabus 
Physics  4
Chemistry  6
Maths  9
English and Aptitude 11
Biology 12

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 A Note to students
Dear Students,

The VIT Engineering Entrance Examination (VITEEE) is an essential gateway to securing a place in
the prestigious VIT University for undergraduate engineering programs. It is crucial to approach your
preparation with strategy and dedication. Here are some important tips and information to help you
excel in the exam:

1. Exam Overview

VITEEE is a computer-based test (CBT) that assesses your knowledge in subjects like Physics,
Chemistry, Mathematics, and English. The exam consists of 125 multiple-choice questions (MCQs),
which are divided as follows:

• Physics – 35 Questions
• Chemistry – 35 Questions
• Mathematics/Biology – 40 Questions
• English – 5 Questions
• Total – 125 Questions (100 marks)

The total duration of the exam is 2 hours 30 minutes.

We wish you all the best for your VITEEE exam. Stay focused, stay positive, and give your best effort.
Your hard work will pay off!.

Good luck!
Warm Regards Team Careers360

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 VITEEE 2025 - PHYSICS
1. Mechanics and Properties of Matter
Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Static and kinetic friction - laws of
friction - rolling friction
Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic energy - work-energy theorem- power.
Conservative forces: conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies)- non-conserv-
ative forces: motion in a vertical circle - elastic and inelastic collisions.
Elastic behaviour - Stress-strain relationship - Hooke’s law - Young’s modulus - bulk modulus - shear
modulus of rigidity - Poisson’s ratio - elastic energy. Viscosity - Stokes’ law - terminal velocity - stream-
line and turbulent flow - critical velocity. Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications.
Heat and Thermodynamics: Zeroeth law of thermodynamics- Temperature. First law of thermodynam-
ics- Internal energy-Heat-Work-Isothermal and Adiabatic processes. Second law of thermodynamics-
Reversible and Irreversible processes. Thermal expansion- Heat Capacity- Cp, Cv - latent heat, Qualita-
tive idea of Blackbody radiation: Wein’s displacement law- Stefan’s law.

2. Electrostatics
Charges and their conservation; Coulomb’s law - superposition principle. Electric field – electric field
due to a point charge, electric field lines; electric dipole, electric field intensity due to a dipole - behav-
iour of a dipole in a uniform electric field. Electric potential - potential differenceelectric potential due
to a point charge and dipole - equipotential surfaces – electrical potential energy of a system of two
point charges.
Electric flux-Gauss’s law and its applications. Electrostatic induction-capacitor and capacitance –
dielectrics- electric polarisation – parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric – applications of
capacitor – energy stored in a capacitor - Capacitors in series and in parallel – Van de Graaff generator.

3. Current Electricity & Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

Electric Current – drift velocity and mobility and their relation with electric current. Ohm’s law, electri-
cal resistance - V-I characteristics – electrical resistivity and conductivity-classification of materials in
terms of conductivity – Carbon resistors – colour code for carbon resistors - combination of resistors
– series and parallel – temperature dependence of resistance – internal resistance of a cell – potential
difference and emf of a cell - combinations of cells in series and in parallel.
Kirchoff’s law – Wheatstone’s Bridge and its application - Metrebridge - special case of Wheatstone
bridge - Potentiometer principle - comparing the emf of two cells.
Magnetic effect of electric current – Concept of magnetic field - Oersted’s experiment – BiotSavart
law- Magnetic field due to a current carrying straight wire and circular coil – Tangent galvanometer –
Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid – magnetic field lines.
Ampere’s circuital law and its application. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic field and
electric field – cyclotron – Force on current carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field – Forces
between two parallel current carrying conductors - definition of ampere.
Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field - moving coil galvanometer

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– conversion to ammeter and voltmeter – current loop as a magnetic dipole - Magnetic dipole moment
of a revolving electron.

4. Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current

Electromagnetic induction - Faraday’s law - induced emf and current - Lenz’s law. Self induction - Mutual
induction - self inductance of a long solenoid - mutual inductance of two long solenoids. Methods of
inducing emf - (i) by changing magnetic induction (ii) by changing area enclosed by the coil and (iii) by
changing the orientation of the coil.
AC generator - (Single phase, three phase). Eddy current - applications - transformer - Alternating cur-
rent - AC circuit with resistance - AC circuit with inductor - AC circuit with capacitor - LCR series circuit
- Resonance and Q - factor - power in AC circuits.

5. Optics
Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its
applications, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula. Magnifi-
cation, power of a lens, Resolving power, combination of thin lenses in contact, combination of a lens
and a mirror. Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism.
Wavefront and Huygens’s principle - Reflection, total internal reflection and refraction of plane wave at a
plane surface using wavefronts. Interference - Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe
width - coherent source - Formation of colours in thin films - Newton’s rings. Diffraction - differences
between interference and diffraction of light. Polarisation of light waves - polarisation by reflection -
Brewster’s law - double refraction - nicol prism - uses of plane polarised light.

6. Dual Nature of Radiation, Atomic & Nuclear Physics

Displacement current - Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics - Transverse nature of electro-
magnetic waves - Electromagnetic spectrum - Photoelectric effect - Light waves and photons - particle
nature of light - photocells and their applications.
Atomic structure – discovery of the electron – specific charge (Thomson’s method) and charge of the
electron (Millikan’s oil drop method) – alpha scattering – Rutherford’s atom model.
Nuclear properties - nuclear radii, masses, binding energy, density, charge - isotopes, isobars and iso-
tones - nuclear mass defect - binding energy - stability of nuclei
Nature of nuclear forces - Radioactivity - alpha, beta and gamma radiations and their properties - Radio-
active decay law - half life - mean life - artificial radioactivity - radio isotopes - effects and uses. Radio
carbon dating. Nuclear fission - chain reaction - atom bomb - nuclear reactor - nuclear fusion.

7. Semiconductor Devices and their Applications

Semiconductor basics - energy bands in solids: difference between metals, insulators and semiconduc-
tors - semiconductor doping - Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors. Formation of P-N Junction - Bar-
rier potential and depletion layer-P-N Junction diode - Forward and reverse bias characteristics - diode
as a rectifier - Zener diode- LED. Junction transistors - characteristics - transistor as a switch - transistor
as an amplifier - transistor as an oscillator.
Logic gates - NOT, OR, AND, EXOR using discrete components - NAND and NOR gates as universal
gates - De Morgan’s theorem - Laws and theorems of Boolean algebra.

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 VITEEE 2025 - CHEMISTRY
1. Physical Chemistry
Atomic Structure - Bohr’s atomic model-Sommerfeld’s extension of atomic structure; Electronic con-
figuration and Quantum numbers; Shapes of s, p, d, f orbitals - Pauli’s exclusion principle - Hund’s Rule
of maximum multiplicity- Aufbau principle. Emission and absorption spectra, line and band spectra;
Hydrogen spectrum – Lyman, Balmer, Paschen, Brackett and Pfund series; de Broglie’s theory; Heisen-
berg’s uncertainty principle – wave nature of electron – Schrodinger wave equation (No derivation).
Eigen values and eigen functions. Chemicalbonding and hybridization of atomic orbitals involving s,
p and d orbitals.
Thermodynamics, Chemical Equilibrium and Chemical Kinetics - I and II Laws of thermodynamics –
spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes, entropy, Gibb’s free energy – Standard Gibbs free
energy change (ΔG0) and chemical equilibrium – significance of entropy.Rate of a chemical reaction,
factors affecting rates of reaction: concentration, temperature, pressure and catalyst; Law of mass
action – Le Chatelier’s principle, applications of chemical equilibrium. Rate expression, order, and
molecularity of reactions, zero order, first order and pseudo first order reaction – half-life period. Deter-
mination of rate constant and order of reaction. Temperature dependence of rate constant – Arrhenius
equation, activation energy and its calculation; elementary concept of collision theory of bimolecular
gaseous reactions.
Solutions - Colligative properties of dilute solutions; Different methods for expressing the concentration
of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage, the vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult’s
Law - Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions

2. Inorganic and Material Chemistry

The s-block elements – properties and chemical reactivity of alkali and alkaline earth metals
The p-block elements – Phosphorous compounds: PCl3, PCl5 – Oxides, Hydrogen halides, Inter-halogen
compounds and Xenon fluoride compounds
General characteristics of d – block elements – Electronic Configuration – Oxidation states of first row
transition elements and their colours. Occurrence and principles of extraction: Copper, Silver, Gold and
Zinc. Preparation and properties of CuSO4, AgNO3 and K2Cr2O7.
Lanthanides – Introduction, electronic configuration, general characteristics, oxidation state – lantha-
nide contraction, uses, brief comparison of Lanthanides and Actinides
Introduction to coordination chemistry - IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds;
Isomerism, Geometrical isomerism in 4-coordinate, 6-coordinate complexes. Theories on coordination
compounds – Werner’s theory (brief), Valence Bond theory. Uses of coordination compounds. Bioinor-
ganic compounds (Haemoglobin and chlorophyll).
Solid-State Chemistry - Lattice – unit cell, systems, types of crystals, packing in solids; Ionic crystals
– Imperfections in solids – point defects, X-Ray diffraction – Electrical Property, Amorphous solids
(elementary ideas only)
Surface Chemistry - Adsorption- physisorption and chemisorption; Catalysis – homogeneous and
heterogeneous catalysis

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3. Analytical Chemistry
Electrochemistry - Redox reactions; Theory of electrical conductance; metallic and electrolytic con-
ductance. Faraday’s laws – theory of strong electrolytes – Specific resistance, specific conductance,
equivalent and molar conductance – Variation of conductance with dilution – Kohlrausch’s Law – Ionic
product of water, pH, and pH– buffer solutions – use of pH values. Cells – Electrodes and electrode
potentials – construction of cell, EMF values and standard electrode potentials, Nernst equation and
its application to chemical cells. Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, dry cell,
electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells; lead accumulator; Fuel cells, Corrosion, and its prevention.
Environmental Chemistry - Environmental pollution - Atmospheric, water and soil.

4. Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry

Carbon – tetravalency, hybridization; Classification of organic compounds – functional groups;
Homologous series; Nomenclature (IUPAC); Homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage;
carbocations, carbanions and free radicals; electrophiles and nucleophiles; Inductive effect,
electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation.
Common organic reactions - Substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement
Isomerism in Organic Compounds: Definition, Classification – structural isomerism, stereo isomerism
– geometrical and optical isomerism. Optical activity - chirality – compounds containing chiral centres
– R, S notation, D, L notation.
Detection of the functional groups in organic compounds: Hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl
(aldehyde and ketones) carboxyl and amino groups.

5. Properties and Chemistry of Functionalized Organic Compounds

Alcohols and Ethers - Nomenclature of alcohols – Classification of alcohols - distinction between 1°, 2°
and 3° alcohols – General methods of preparation of primary alcohols, properties. Methods of prepa-
ration of dihydric alcohols: Glycol – Properties – Uses. Methods of preparation of trihydric alcohols
- Properties – Uses. Aromatic alcohols – preparation and properties of phenols and benzyl alcohol;
Ethers – Nomenclature of ethers – general methods of preparation of aliphatic ethers - Properties –
Uses. Aromatic ethers – Preparation of Anisole – Uses
Carbonyl Compounds - Nomenclature of carbonyl compounds – Comparison of aldehydes and ketones.
General methods of preparation of aldehydes – Properties – Uses. Aromatic aldehydes – Preparation
of benzaldehyde – Properties and Uses. Ketones – general methods of preparation of aliphatic ketones
(acetone) – Properties – Uses. Aromatic ketones – preparation of acetophenone – Properties – Uses,
preparation of benzophenone – Properties. Name reactions; Clemmensen reduction, Wolff – Kishner
reduction, Cannizzaro reaction, Claisen Schmidt reaction, Benzoin Condensation, Aldol Condensation.
Preparation and applications of Grignard reagents.
Carboxylic Acids and their derivatives - Nomenclature – Preparation of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids –
formic acid – Properties – Uses. Monohydroxy mono carboxylic acids; Lactic acid – Synthesis of lactic
acid. Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids; Preparation of oxalic and succinic acids. Aromatic acids: Benzoic
and Salicylic acids – Properties – Uses. Derivatives of carboxylic acids; acetyl chloride (CH3COCl) –
Preparation – Properties – Uses. Preparation of acetamide, Properties – acetic anhydride – Prepara-
tion, Properties. Preparation of esters – methyl acetate – Properties

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6. Organic Nitrogen Compounds
Organic Nitrogen Compounds - Aliphatic nitro compounds – Preparation of aliphatic nitroalkanes –
Properties – Uses. Aromatic nitro compounds – Preparation – Properties – Uses. Distinction between
aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds. Amines; aliphatic amines – General methods of preparation
– Properties – Distinction between 1°, 2° and 3° amines. Aromatic amines – Synthesis of benzylamine
– Properties, Aniline – Preparation – Properties – Uses. Differences between aliphatic and aromatic
amines. Aliphatic nitriles – Preparation – properties – Uses. Diazonium salts – Preparation of benzene
diazonium chloride – Properties.

7. Biomolecules and Polymers

Carbohydrates – Distinction between sugars and non-sugars, structural formulae of glucose, fructose,
and sucrose, with their linkages, invert sugar – definition, examples of oligo and polysaccharides
Amino acids and Proteins – Classification of amino acids with examples, Peptides - properties of pep-
tide bond; Proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure (qualitative idea
only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes
Lipids - Definition, classification with examples, difference between fats, oils, and waxes.
Nucleic acids – Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA
Polymers - Classification – Natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensa-
tion), copolymerization. Some important polymers: natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon, polyes-
ters, Bakelite, rubber. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers.

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 VITEEE 2025 - MATHEMATICS
1. Matrices and their Applications
Algebra of matrices, Determinants and its properties – Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix using
determinants and elementary transformations – Rank, Test of consistency and solution of simultane-
ous linear equations up to three variables – Solution of Linear Programming problem in two Variables.

2. Trigonometry and Complex Numbers

Fundamentals of Trigonometry, Trigonometric, inverse Trigonometric functions and their properties,
heights and distances.
Complex number system – conjugate, properties, ordered pair representation. Argand diagram, Algebra
of complex numbers, modulus and argument (or polar form) of a complex number. Solution of polynomial
equations – De Moivre’s theorem and its applications. Roots of a complex number – Cube and fourth
roots.

3. Analytical Geometry of two dimensions

Coordinate geometry – Equation of a straight line and family of straight lines - Properties
Definition of a conic – general equation of a conic, classification with respect to the general equation of
a conic and eccentricity. Equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse and hyperbola) in standard forms
and general forms – Directrix, Focus and Latus-rectum – parametric form of conics and chords. – Tan-
gents and normal’s – Cartesian form and parametric form – equation of chord of contact of tangents.

4. Vector Algebra
Scalar Product and Vector product of two Vectors, properties and applications – Scalar and Vector triple
product – Properties.

5. Analytical Geometry of Three Dimensions

Coordinates of a point in space, the distance between two points, section formula, directions ratios and
direction cosines, the angle between two intersecting lines. Skew lines, the shortest distance between
them and its equation. Equations of a line and a plane in different forms, the intersection of a line and a
plane, coplanar lines.

6. Differential Calculus
Limits, continuity and differentiability of functions – properties – applications: tangent, normal and angle
between curves.
Mean value theorem – Rolle’s Theorem, Lagrange Mean Value Theorem, Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s series,
stationary points, increasing, minima of decreasing, maxima, functions of one variable, concavity and
points of inflexion-Errors and approximations.

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7. Integral Calculus and its Applications
Simple definite integrals – fundamental theorems of calculus, properties of definite integrals, Reduction
formulae – Area of bounded regions, length of the curves.

8. Differential Equations
Differential equations – formation, order and degree. Solution of first order differential equations: Vari-
ables separable, Homogeneous, Linear equations and applications.

9. Probability and Distributions

Basics of Probability – Axioms – Addition law – Conditional probability – Multiplicative law – Baye’s
Theorem.
Random variables – probability density function, distribution functions, mathematical expectation, vari-
ance – Discrete distributions: Binomial and Poisson.

10. Discrete Mathematics

Sets – Relations – Functions – Binary Operations. Sequence and series (AP, GP, HP) – Binomial Theorem
– Counting Techniques
Mathematical logic – logical statements, connectives, truth tables, logical equivalence, tautology, con-
tradiction.

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 VITEEE 2025 - APTITUDE
1. Data Interpretation - Tabular Chart, Pie Chart, Bar Chart, Line Graph, Mixed Charts
2. Data Sufficiency - All topics combined
3. Syllogism - 2 statements and 2 conclusions, 3 statements and 2 conclusion, 2 statements and 4
conclusions, 3 statements and 4 conclusions, 3 statement and 3 conclusions
4. Number series, Coding, and Decoding - Number series, Letter to Letter Coding, Letter to Number
Coding, Mixed coding
5. Clocks, Calendars, and Directions - Mirror image of the clock, Angle based questions, Gain
or loss per day, finding days/dates, finding odd days, Occurrence of same calendar year, Directions
faced with respect to the starting point, Distance between two points

ENGLISH
Multiple Choice Questions to test the comprehension of a short passage or line of poems, English
grammar, and pronunciation. Please note that the passages, lines of poems, dialogues, grammar, and
pronunciation items are chosen to suit the level of higher secondary or equivalent education.

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 VITEEE 2025 - BIOLOGY
1. Taxonomy
Need for classification; three domains of life. Linnaean, Whittaker, Bentham and Hooker systems of
classification. Salient features and classification of non-chordates up to phyla levels and chordates up to
class levels. Morphology and anatomy of flowering plants. Structural organization in insects (cockroach)

2. Cell and Molecular Biology

Cell theory. Prokaryotic cell and it’s ultrastructure. Eukaryotic cell- cell wall, cell membrane,
cytoskeleton, nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, ribosomes,
lysosomes, vacuoles and centrosomes. Cell cycle and division - amitosis, mitosis and meiosis. Search for
genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; replication, transcription, genetic code, translation, splicing,
gene expression and regulation (lac operon) and DNA repair.

3. Reproduction
Asexual reproduction – binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule formation and fragmenta-
tion, Vegetative propagation in plants. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants - structure of flowers.
Pollination, fertilization, development of seeds and fruits, seed dispersal, apomixis, parthenocarpy and
poly-embryony. Human reproductive system - Gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilization, implantation,
embryo development upto blastocyst formation, pregnancy, parturition and lactation. Assisted reproduc-
tive technologies.

4. Genetics and evolution

Chromosomes - structure and types, linkage and crossing over, recombination of chromosomes, muta-
tion and chromosomal aberrations. Mendelian inheritance, chromosomal theory of inheritance, deviation
from Mendelian ratio (incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple allelism, pleiotrophy), sex linked
inheritance and sex determination in humans. Darwinism, neo Darwinism, Hardy and Weinberg’s principle
and factors affecting the equilibrium: selection, mutation, migration and random genetic drift.

5. Human health and diseases

Pathogens, parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chickengunia, filariasis, COVID, asca-
riasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control. Basic concepts of
immunology, vaccines, antibiotics, cancer, HIV and AIDS. Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.

6. Biochemistry
Structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Enzymes – types, properties and enzyme
action. Metabolism - glycolysis, fermentation and Kreb’s cycle.

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7. Plant physiology
Movement of water, food, nutrients, gases and minerals. Passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and
active transport. Imbibition, osmosis, apoplast and symplast transport and guttation. Macro and micro-
nutrients and their deficiency symptoms. Transpiration, photosynthesis (light and dark reactions) and
electron transport chain. Hormones and growth regulators, photo- periodism and vernalization. Nitrogen
cycle and biological nitrogen fixation.

8. Human physiology
Digestion and absorption, breathing and respiration, body fluids and circulation, excretory system, endo-
crine system, nervous system, skeletal and muscular systems. Locomotion and movement, growth, aging
and death. Hormones - types of hormones, functions and disorders.

9. Biotechnology and its applications

Recombinant DNA technology, applications in health, agriculture and industries; genetically modified
organisms; Human insulin, vaccine and antibiotic production. Stem cell technology and gene therapy.
Apiculture and animal husbandry. Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, fortification, Bt crops
and transgenic animals. Microbes in food processing, sewage treatment, waste management and energy
generation. Biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. Biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents. Human and rice
genome projects. DNA fingerprinting.

10. Biodiversity, ecology and environment

Ecosystems: components, types, pyramids, nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous), ecological suc-
cession and energy flow in an ecosystem; Biodiversity - concepts, patterns, importance, conservation, hot
spots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red data book, botanical gardens, national parks, sanctuaries,
museums, biosphere reserves and Ramsar sites. Environmental issues: pollution and its control. Solid
and radioactive waste management. Climate change impact and its mitigation. Population attributes -
growth, birth and death rate and age distribution.

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