IRIBHI]VAN LT\IIV ERSITY Exam.

Resular
INSTITUTE OF ENGIN EERING !rv.! BE Full Marks 80
Itrxamination Control Division Programme BCE Pass Marks i2
208S Chaitra Year / Part w/11 Tirne 3 hrs.

Candidates are required to give tireir a:rswers in their oln vvords as far as practicable.
Atternpt A4questions.
The..figwres in the rnargin indicqte lSll$gtt
Assume suilable. ciata if rcecessary,

$rugp.A-ffLnterls{

l. Derive the expression for first-order accurate implicit finite difference equation for the
kinematic wave model in the linear form. Also, derive the expression for parameters of
the momentum equation of the kinematic wave model. 16+21
) Determine the values of first order partiai derivative of discharge with respect to time and
space using four-point implicit method. The diseharges at four points in the space-time
:
grid are shown in figure belovy. Take Ar I hour, Lx :
500 m, 0.55, y 0: : A.15.
LZ+ZI

1---_3-**
l,**, ss
,ffi*n
t

3. Defiae Method of Characteristics (,L1OQ. Derive the erpressions for the application of
l-{OC to unsteady pipe flow problems.
[1+7.|
4' a) Draw a neat sketch presenting the finite difference grid, showing possible boundary
conditions, for 2D steady state seepage analysis rmder a dam.
121
.shows
b) Table below the 2D gdd with values of a potential head in re for simulating
growrdwater seepage. Determine the vertical and horizontal seepage into and out o1
the highlighted grid" Transmissivity in the x-direction andy-directiinare 2200 m'/day
znd 3200 m'lday,respectively, for aU griOs. IJse lx : g5 m and ly -* ZS m.
t,J J

0 0 0 0-__
,)oo
2.92. 2.81 2.08
2.9i *?;J_
2.92 1 .f a
2.74 2.53 L.A I

0 n 0 0
 Groua B (Structure Psrt)

5. Define Compulational Techniques. Why do we need Computational Techniques in Civil

Engineering? W+41

Write down the algorithm for Coqjugate Gradient Method. Solve the following set of
linear equaticns using Coajugate Gradient Method. [Three Iterations] [3+5]

[-: o tlt'x1l ltl

lo -r :l{x,f={-lzl

7. tr)erive Str-ain-Displacement relationship for 3-D solid element" Explain the necessity of
Lame's constants. 16+2)

A propped cantilever beam is ioaded as shown in figure. Discretize the beam into two
& C. AIso check the result
elements and find deflection at point B and rotations at point B
using singie element model. Use E :20x105 MPa, I = 5x106mma. t10]
I5ki{1m

9" Define shape firnction in finite analysis and write down the propedies of shape function"
Derive the expressions for Hermite shape function used for the interpolatioa in beam
elements. [3 ]71

i0" Considering plane stress conditions, find out the nodal displacernents and stresses cf the
given CST element. Take E = 210 x 103 MPa, v:0.3, t: 1 cm,1: ?8"5 kNlm3, length of
eachside= 100mm. [10]

i
I
t

1OkN/m

$*somm *l*- somm4

 TRIBHWAN UNIVERSITY Exam. Resular
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING I-""g1 BE Fut{Marks 80
Examination Control Division Programme BCE Pass Marks 32
2479 Chdtra Year / Part ivlii ;:I Ime : ii.r"

Suhjecl: - Computational Techniques in Civil Engineering

{Cn rSt)
Candidates are required to give their answcrs in their oran words as far as practicable.
Attempt 4!! questions"
The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks"

Asswne suitable data if necessary.

Group 4 f!-ater Partl

1. Derive the exprcssion for Leap frog explicit finite equation for dynamic wave modal.
l6l
-1_ . The value of flou' rate Q at four points in the space time grid are showr in the figure
gQ
belou'. f)etermine the value of first-order derivates -aS rro usins four-noint
A "na as
implicit mcthod. Given: dt : I hr. dx : 500 m ancl A: A.4'/. t6j
Time (t)

95 m3/sec 92 m3/sec

i93 m3/sec ! 89 rn3/sec

!

!
i
Distarce (x)

3" A pipe con\reys u,ater from a reservoir as shou,n in the figure be1ou,. Take f 0.02, :
C : 1200 m/s. The IIL'}L at the reservoir is given as I.Ip6:
120 + 3 Sin(;rt). The discharge
atthe dounstream end is zera al ali times. By using only one reach, compute discharge
from A and elevation ofhydraulic grad line at B at 3 sec using a discretized equatiol of
the method of characteristics in the form of I{GL and discharse.
l8I

120 m
L:500 m, I)ia.:400mm

4. Derive finite difference equation to evaluate river stage-water table interaction for one
dimensional flow along a river and express in terms of tridiagonal coefficient matrix.
t8I
 Gr q up B _(Str uc t.u r_e p art\
a) Describe briefly the ba-sic steps in F'inite Element Melhod (FEM).
tsl
b) \lrrite the advantages of Finite element rnethod or,,er cther methods.
13l
a) write down the algorithm of'conjugate gratlient methocl f<rr solving
system of linear
equations.
14I
b) Explain w'ith suitable exampie hor.v fsndg6 matrix and
skyline storage scheme helps
in memory optimization.
t4l
7. Derive tire constitutive relationship for three dirnensionai
solid" Also, deduce the
expression for plane stress and plane strain problem.
[5 +31
8. Llsing direct siiffness matrix method, analyze the given
beam. calculate the deflection
axd rotation at mid span of the beam. I;iexurai rigid1t5,
ot rpan AB is three fourt1r to that
oiBC.
Lrzl
20 kJ.I/m

B 15 kN/m

5m 4m
9' A plate of thickness 15 mm is being loarlcd as shonn in figure. considering
stress condition' detennine the stresses and strains at
the piane
: : the ce#oid
--'^" cf cST element. .fake
E 2,,10s N/mm2, v 0"2_s and rmit rveighr B0 kf/#.
"f t 101
2s k3[

ls kll

10' What is Jacobian matrix? obtain 1he shape function

for eighr
-a--' noded
^^vev$ rectanguiar vru
'vvLsar-urq eiement
in natural coordinate system.
Lz+4)
*+*
 TR.ISHUVA}I dINIYERS ITY 9&lf.:Btt;+i,
trNSTITUTE OF ENGINEERN G Level BE Fuli il.ta:'iis 80

Examrcrstiors Control Division Frograrnrne BCE Pass 1\{:rrhs 32

207$ Chaitra Year / Fart ff/II T'inre 3 hrs.

Sukjccr: _-!i?:Ip!ri1!i$rl":Ilisc.:rt_ii:!Pr,s,lt9i!r$_r
Candidates are required to give iheir answers in their own wcrds as far as practicable,
At t emp t r{Jl q ue s t i on s.

The figures in the margin indicate Full $qrks.

Candidgle shaqld use senar.s.te answer bgollfqt eaclz Eroyp ({Fster and StlactureL
Assutne suitable data dnecessary.

Group A (Wutur Part)

I
I. Wrlte dov,,n the goveming equations used for analyzing the moment of fiuid. Discuss
forward, backlvard and central differencing with expressions. [2+3]
2. Follorving are data pertaining to a rectangular channel:

Width of channel = ?00

Length ofChannel: 15000
ft
ft
Sn
Bed Slope, So: i9'o E-Htr3ffiAffi}*
Manning's n = 0.035
At the t.= 0, there is a uniiorrn iiar": of 2C00 cfs aiong i.he ch:nne l. The discnarge ..,aiue at
the upstleam boundar5, ftom irrf;orv hydrograph at iime t : 3 nin is obtainerl as 225U cfs,
De.temine the discharge at a distance of 3C00 fi dor.,,nstreani alcng the charuiel. Use rhe
iinear kinematics wave modai. Take a:x = -:00i)ii and at : 3 rnin. There is no lateral
inflo,.v (q = 0). i6l
-1. What do -vou understand b1' \4ethod oi chaiacterisiics? Derive tire llnite difference fogn
of characteristic equatir:ns for unstead,r: pipe flow in tenns of heaC anti elischarge. t2+6]
L a) A sciiematic fcr sirnuiating di,er stage u,ater table fluctuaticn is shown in figlre.

River

a I
hr- 1 z

The foilowing r.lata are given for the simulation of homogenous and isotropic aquifer,
river stage (hi-) : 365nr, iength^of aquifer = 1200 m, At : 1 day, Ar = 400 m,
transmissivity of aquifer : 600 m'ida1'. stcrage coeffieient = 0.15. The initial value of
rvater tabie at 3 grids as 349.13, 347.97,339.36 respecrir,,ely. Calculate r,r..ater table
eievation in each grid.
i5j
b) Expiain the concept of finite ciifference method. Wirat are expiicit and implicit
schemes in finite didference method?
[2+"1{-1]
 Group B (Struqlwre Pgryil
1. Explain about the necessity of computational technique in eivil engineering. Also discuss
about the algorithm followed while solving problems using Finite Element Method. trVrite
down the advantages of Finite Element Method. {2+4+21
2. a) Briefly explain about the different iterative methr:ds used for the solution for given set
of equations. [3]
b) Solve the given syste*r ofequations using conjugate gradient rnethod. i5l
2x1-x2 =4
-xl +2*Z-x3 =0
-x2*2x3=g
J. a) Derir'e constitutive relations for 3D-state 6f a solid. tsl
b) Dfferentiate plane stress and plane strain problems with exampies. Isl
4. Derive the slrape function for the element as $own in hgure below, i6l

5. Drari ilending Moment aad Siiear f'oree diagra.ms of the cc'rncrete bearn shor,m in ihe
iblicri ing figure using finite element method. Take the beam section 50C mr-r x 1000 mrn.
,rlso detemrine the deflectiorrs at the raid span. i10l
20 kN

F--*5 m _**ri**.*5 m-.-*--..}i

6. A steel plate of uniform tlrickness 10 mm is being loaded es shorvn in figure
belorr'. Considering the plane stress condition, determine the stiffness matrix, load
vector and nodal .displacements of the given CST element. Take, rnodulus of
eiasticity = 200 x 103 MPa, Poisson's mtio : O.: *O unit weight of steel = 78.5 kN/m3.
tr+*Z*+1
590 *-*-.-l
t. -

5 kN1m2
 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSIIY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
_,_
Exarnination Control ::-_ - ,pullll{arks
Division
ZA77 Chaitra

ional
* 9!"ujle$' ;*i;s la; r,
T,

pt aUquesrui,.
iiiii:n;;:;r:;edtogivetheiranswer';;;;;;;;;*;;1ffi
|ljrn
Thefigurei in the mar
,;
-.. ...q.uu. Full
au l{arks.
candidatc sho
candidate ..-fj!'d':"*
chn,,r,t
i"-
uld
E t. lwilrks.
ei'i*, *irrt"';tr;7:rKffwer
Assume suitable aoi yir"irr$
bookfor each groap (wat*
and s#ueture).

1.}ff:i'#ffidifference*",noo,m,.,plicitfinitedifferenceschemes
2' For a 30 m wide
n 015^^bcd slope rcctangurar [:'3]
Qi = 20 m3/s, Xnqj
ei
nor
- zs *,t'.-d channer foriowin., ,^,,, -^.^ . .
e,*,f, = l;;r::;:.i?,[,r,fr*"##1":":3]J,!1,
i",H,ff",: ;"11,T.#,ji:'n" 0,.,'*r using nnit" arn ."nce scheme
:**
approximatety
to the width
to be zero. Take wetted
p..i*"r.. ;,
ror
"qual or,n"
' ;l #:1;#H*i"ffii:H::"?:T,::,*:,"n,dispersionandstabirity
"ilIlinflorv
Ifr
rcservoir is given as
zero at all times-
Hon:'rbo;;*lJ,; H::ffLi"'.'.To,. rhe rucL at trre
By using oni} dori.Tistream
IIGL at B at 2 secona*JrJi'lr. on",.r.r, compurc dir.hlrou'^,lic { end is
ii...",i..a equarion or rnJl.lol,. .r.,rrion *o
and discharge. Take
r= o.iif"J J nr
j'ir, or
ivloC ;n u.,. ro.,r'"i"n.ra
r.
t6l

L-SOOm, D=450mn

4. Define courant condil.

snri ,isnlo., +r-^ __ . .rolt Compute coeillci
;i,:,: :: * ir. 11 e,* f ,.i,. i". in "',lffi ;X ::,,.1T-"1:? l.Tll::,, nnite d i ffercn c c m o d e r

fl :.#::"11,*ffi
Homogeneou.anai.J"
tsotropic
-'vw'r, 'ru llgtlre beio"v.Consider
..3;::,:Er:',:;::is"fJ;ilxtg:Ji::*r,.:_Tr:.i:ll
acquitur, ri'er aju--^'-' tta "s6s water table
srage h, ="i;;,r:';ffi.fiff:,fotfl:l_r:
frf,":^_ :"'u*
A. _ 1
.Ir. - I oay, transmissivity
_ -_.rb(rr JUV In, &\ =
vaueorrva'l""ilfi of acquifcr = 0.024 m,/c *r^*^^^ and
value of tvat". tri,i"
ui, grids are j c. ,r;"l"Y.i; ::",:* coefircrenr :
,.1|,:i.#H.;f r*Iltliil"T:iffi :ffi
I 90. 0.01-s, inirial
,l,iJ.l;,lf i [] +61
 Groua B (Structure Portl
1. a) Describe basic steps in Finite Element Analysis. t4]
b) Explain different types r:f problems that can be solved with finite element analysis. t4l
2. a) Explain with relevant examples how banded matrix and skyline storage scheme
optimizes the memory. t3l
b) Write donl the algorithm for solving the set of linear equations by conjugate gradient
method and its limitations. [3+2]
3. a) Derive the expression for Lame's constant. t5]
b) Explain about axisymmetric problerns with examples. Write down the constitutive
relations and strain displacement relation for axisymmetric problems. t5]
4. Derive shape functions for a beam element. t8]
5. Deiermine rotation and deflection at free end of the given beam and hence draw BMD.
Take EI to be constant. [10]

50ld{

20 kNm

6. Fin<i the stiffness matrix using two elements for the following plate, loadod as shown in
figure. Take T: 78.5 KN/m' t8l
10 kN

T-
30 mm
E=70GPa
V = 0.33
Thickness- 10 mm
J_
F-00
*r.<+
 i
I
IRIBIITIVAI{ UNTYERSIT? Exam.
INSTTruTE OF ENGINEERING Regular / Back !

LeveI BE FuIl Marks 80

Examination Control Division Programme BCE .:
Pass Iflarks 3?
2026 tshadra Year / Part Iv/tr Time 3 hrs.

Suflecr: - gomputational Ti
r' Candidates are required to give their answers
in their own words as far as practicable.
{ AttenptAll questions.
r'. Thetigurei in the m*gin indicate FuII lglarks.
t{ Assume suitable data if necessary.

1' 4 w:te&econceptoffinite ainforward,backrrardandcentoal

-ditrerence of^*finite difference equation. wh4t are the differcnces
.. F-s"g
b)
expricit and impricit sche*es ornoit" air"r"n*ffio-uu"r.
waterflows inareetaagularchaaaet ri;ff 1;;ffi;g ffi"rl"p" 0.015. Asswne
no lateral inflow. consider wetted perimeter
lsl
is ir;Jth;;the chauaer. Taking
AX=1500m, AFl0min & take manningb n{.035. "q"dGiven
that
Ql-r = 39^3 /s,Qf = 2263 /s,el*r = 20m3 /s
Yl-r = 1.25n,y1 = 1.45rr1yf*, = 1.65m
using an explicit method, detemrine the depth
and discharge
ov .* u grid point (i,n+I)
at the
for firll Saint-Venant equation (ie. Dynamic ,r;;;fu) t71
Ax,r{
Time k
n+l
f
At
J
i-r i+l

curve and merhod of characteristics (MoC).

|r:}:^*::fHT
advantages ofMOC.
Atso unite the
b) Following data are€iven at two points
"A, and ,,B', arong a pipe of diameter 40cm
t3l
carrying water. Qn=0.5 m%ec,
Qs{.5s m3/seg Hn:25in"leei, &F60&rL
aF0.50sec, F0.02, a=r200 nrsec erevatin ditrerence
finite difflerence fonn of characteristic egrntions,
i*i,".i
a *a p=Im; using the
point P.
c".p.i" ai*uril" and head at
lsl

3' Derive expression tbr [jnite difference scheme

for 2D ground rvater u,arurqrrvrr
state for homogencous and isotropic
simulation in!. steady
)r'duy
aquifer.
tg]
 4. Lisr and exprain *" **r*,ffir
advantages of Finire Br".* arJvr"#;;ff,1", *rrhod ofEngineering. AIso exprain the
analysis oistructr:re.
5. a) what do you understand by [4+4]
banded matix and memory optimization
o) technique?
following system of equations I4l
|i-Ht using Ga,ss-siedal iteration
metrrod.
t4l
tr+6Y-2r-l
4x-3y+$s=5

*
:] *13t"- y
b;_en*rra in terms of srresses for a 3_D objecr
.i,tffi tsI
andshaindispr*.**otr"rut;-ff
and shain displacement rehtorr
1",
".;"*-*^3-:^ ,^- J...
,LTi"':Hailff ffior relations
7. Analyze the beam shr t5l
denections unrte.rnnir+,r3
deflecrions under point rura. l-|ry lf o1fiil,,i,z"ffftflT#ffi
ci*it=i, Sry elemert method. Also" detennine the
rsks,
ll0l

*$rrffi*l-* a;n*ri
Ii:ffi
,ln:f: -iii
;:,1gr"t^,g*1: g"_ aiqpracemenr **'lH
sftess in CST elemeds
*HrS*Hff, "r;'*;
maerial=80Ki{/m3 and p0.3.
ffnl*#m: and unit weight of
"T*
l8l

I
"t'*

9' Explain Iso-paramefic formulation,

ouoro fu shape firnction for the erement
shoram in
t2+61
 O1 TRIBI{UVAN UNIVERIiI]'Y !,xlm. i:1,;tid:t*.114rr;i, ReSUiaf ,, iBr ;ti*ta*it:
1NSTITUTE OT ENGINEIIRING Levcl i gE l'ull Marks 80
Exnminirtion Control Division Programrnc : tlCl Pass hlarks 32
2075 llhadra {to'7i;iiii' i iv; ii- -*"
Tims 3 hrs.

,Srfi,14rf,'-
-ggspvsrjg*"*l.iiess"xriqgjii,-p;sueer'rs-i-ffi
Candidates are requireiJ lo givc lheir ansrvers in their
ou,n words as lhr as practicable-
_,-
Atte mpt 4l! questions.
The fi-gures in the margin indicare Futt
Marks.
caudidote slroukr we seporntu o,rsrri rrilfior
eoch group ftyater and strncrure).
As,yunrc suitable datq if necessary.

Gloup 4 fiYster lortt

I. finire differcnce rnerhod. Explain cxpticit and impricit
?::T:*.::f:^*:!:,i,
finite difference method using,suitable una expressions.
scrremes in
"*u*pt., [2+242]
.gr:|,-:ted to.sotve ror the unsleady flow probrems in a
-L,Pf"*lf::::':,*^:1jfl:l,ll.
lvide rectangular channcl is shorvu inthe tigure bclow

j+l
K
I
v
At
-L
tL - >*

t** a* --d
Usiug an appropriate finite differertce scherne
for tlyo goroerning equations of fluid florv
(conti nuitv and rn ornentum), compure
thc foltowing given tlata:
rhe ver oci ty ;"; fi ;r;;;il;;i;'il; (i: H ffi ;
Velocity,Yl-, = 2.2m1 scc,
Vi = l.8misec, VrHr = l.5m/sec

Flowdepth, y'r, = I,6mlsec, yl= 2.0,r1."., yi,, = 2,4m/sec

Bed slope = lYu, Manni,g's n = 0.032, Ax = 1000 n:, at:4 minutcs, No laterat in flow.
16]
J. lvhat is meant by niethod of characteristics and u.l:y
diflerence equations of the crraractcristic form
it is nccessary? Derive finite
----l
of unstcady "v rr Ylegr
no* .qdinns in a pipe lo
obtain solution in rerms of head and discharge t2+6]
4. Derive a suitable finite diflerence expression for trvo dimensional
(2n) groundwater
sinrulation in stearjy statc conditio.n ibr hornogencous
aud isotrcrpic uquif.r, also dcscribe
the iterative procetlure for computing potentiaiat
cacrr grid ,"J;;rg;ratc under a dam. t5+3]
G.rqup B (stntcture Ptrtt
a) Discuss about the sofrrvarc uscd to cvaruate the problerns in FEM and FDM. (11
t,J
b) \\that is meant by discretization, clescribc rvith example?
14l
 6. Ii.tplain dift'ercnt solution
techniqucs of Iinc rar equations.
lr, *6 il-, ) Izc1
o
For the given lincar sysrcm

f-o t2 _olJ*,1={zol
lo -6 ,Jt-;,l l;l
= (4,4,0;r, carry our rwo irerarions
H:iffii:;i.l,fl*#:::il],) of conjugare gradienr
relation for planc stress probl*ns. [3*5j
' 3,:ril:ffi;itilutivc Exprain axi-syrnrnerric probrerns
8' Detenninc the nodal di.splaccments, [s+3]
shorm in tigure [e;'w. Take
elenrcni stresse<
stresses and o,.*-^- reactions
errr support --.
E = 200 Gpa. for the bar as
ll0I

A steerpratc of unifo*n rhickness

r0 mnr is bcing_roadcd as
considering the nrane strcss shoxn in thc figurc bcrow.
stiffness rnarrix, (b) nodar
i;; "cf
-coudiri";, il. r ;;"ri, iJ,i*nrc (a) eiernent
a;rprr..r",rir, .^i ii ,rrrrs aad srresses at the centroid
E= 2r0 . to'rvrp., a;,ii'= ids rc,,
;flffirll:e " Mpfi;ilir|.igr,t of tlre orsrecr is
tl0l

T
300 mm

t,
l0' Derive the shape functions for rhe cight
noded 2 - D rectangular eremcnt
4 .-
given in figurc. ts]

I
I
_t
-, - - --
I