SAP Signavio Process

Manager
User Guide

16.10
 Our guides available at documentation.signavio.com contain video
examples, these examples are not included in the PDF versions.
For more information, please contact the SAP Signavio doc-
umentation team.

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Contents

1 Welcome to the SAP Signavio Process Manager user guide 16

2 Signing up 17
2.1 Create your SAP Signavio Process Transformation Suite account 17
2.2 Supported browsers 18

3 Log in to the SAP Signavio Process Transformation Suite 19

3.1 Log in with your account credentials 19
3.2 Log in using a shared link 19
3.3 Log in to the on-premises solution 20
3.4 Next steps 20

4 Getting started 21
4.1 The explorer 21
4.2 The editor 21
4.3 QuickModel 21
4.4 The dictionary 22
4.5 SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub 22
4.6 The Diagram and Revision Comparison Tool 22
4.7 BPMN and DMN Simulation 22
4.8 Support 22
4.9 Next steps 23
4.10 What kind of SAP Signavio user am I 23
4.10.1 I am a business process (BPMN) modeler 23

4.10.2 I am a business decision modeler 23

4.10.3 I am an enterprise architecture modeler 24

4.10.4 I'd like to create a process diagram, but don't know BPMN very well 24

4.10.5 I am a SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub user 24

4.10.6 I want to review and approve diagrams before they are released 24

4.10.7 I am a workspace administrator 25

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 4.11 The BPM Academic Initiative 25
4.12 Frequently asked questions 26
4.12.1 How can I quickly display diagrams without opening the Editor? 26

4.12.2 How can I disable email notifications? 26

4.12.3 My browser does not display SAP Signavio's applications correctly. What
can I do? 27

5 Personal profile settings 28

5.1 Global settings 28
5.2 Local settings and information 29
5.3 Today's top tips 30

6 Explorer overview 31
6.1 The Explorer menu 32
6.1.1 New 32

6.1.2 Edit 32

6.1.3 Import/Export 33

6.1.4 Reporting 33

6.1.5 Share 33

6.2 The Explorer view 35

6.2.1 The icon view 35

6.2.2 The list view 36

6.2.3 Refreshing the explorer view 37

6.2.4 Display of the current path 37

6.3 Viewing diagram details 38

6.3.1 Notification settings 39

6.3.2 Preview and version history 39

6.4 Working with folders and diagrams 39

6.4.1 The folder structure 39

6.4.2 The 'Shared documents' and 'My documents' folders 40

6.4.3 Creating a new folder 41

6.4.4 Renaming a folder or diagram 41

6.4.5 Moving folders and diagrams 42

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 6.4.6 Copying diagrams 43

6.4.7 Removing folders or diagrams 44

6.4.8 Restoring diagrams and folders 45

7 Modeling 46
7.1 Create a diagram 46
7.2 Editor overview 46
7.2.1 User menu 48

7.3 Open and save diagrams 48

7.3.1 Open a diagram 48

7.3.2 Save a diagram 48

7.3.3 Restore older revisions of a diagram 49

7.3.4 Next steps 50

7.4 Editor toolbar and keyboard shortcuts 50

7.4.1 Editor Toolbar 50

7.4.2 Keyboard Shortcuts 52

7.4.3 Next steps 53

7.5 Add and connect elements 53

7.5.1 Add elements from the shape repository 54

7.5.2 Add elements from the interactive shortcut menu 54

7.5.3 Add pools and lanes 55

7.5.4 Connect elements with flows 55

7.5.5 Copy elements 56

7.5.6 Remove elements 57

7.5.7 Next steps 57

7.6 Move and change elements 57

7.6.1 Move elements and labels 57

7.6.2 Rename elements 57

7.6.3 Change element size 57

7.6.4 Adjust canvas space 58

7.6.5 Change the element type 59

7.6.6 Edit attributes 60

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 7.6.7 Attributes in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub 61

7.6.8 Next steps 61

7.7 Format diagrams 61

7.7.1 Align and distribute elements 61

7.7.2 Format elements and labels 62

7.8 Work with modeling conventions 63

7.8.1 Modeling conventions report 64

7.9 Process hierarchies 65

7.9.1 Next steps 65

7.10 Create subprocesses 65

7.10.1 When to use subprocesses 66

7.10.2 Subprocess elements 66

7.10.3 Add subprocesses to a diagram 67

7.10.4 Change linked diagrams 68

7.10.5 View linked elements 68

7.11 Add Live Insights 69

7.11.1 Access the Live Insights shapes 69

7.11.2 Visibility of Live Insights 69

7.11.3 Overview over Live Insights shapes 69

7.11.4 Link a shape to a widget 70

7.11.5 Use shape with a manual value 71

7.11.6 Next steps 71

7.12 Add links to SAP Signavio Process Insights content 72

7.12.1 Viewing linked content 72

7.12.2 Next steps 72

7.13 Link to files in diagrams 72

7.13.1 Use dictionary entries to link documents 73

7.13.2 Use a custom attribute to link documents 73

7.14 Display attribute overlays 74

7.14.1 Display attribute overlays while modeling 75

7.14.2 Display attribute overlays in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub 75

7.15 Compare revisions 75

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 7.15.1 Open the diagram comparison tool 76

7.15.2 Display options 76

7.15.3 Select revisions 77

7.15.4 Diagram change information 77

7.15.5 Next steps 78

7.16 Custom graphics 78

7.16.1 Upload custom graphics 79

7.16.2 Delete custom graphics 82

7.16.3 Validation criteria 82

7.16.4 Modeling with custom graphics 84

8 The dictionary 85
8.1 Working with the dictionary 85
8.1.1 Navigate the dictionary 86

8.1.2 Show where a dictionary entry is used 86

8.1.3 Switch the language 86

8.1.4 Full-text search 86

8.1.5 The activity feed 87

8.1.6 Manage dictionary entries 88

8.2 Use the dictionary while modeling 91

8.2.1 Use suggested dictionary entries 91

8.2.2 Search for available dictionary entries 92

8.2.3 Create new dictionary entries 92

8.2.4 Open dictionary entries 93

8.2.5 Remove links to dictionary entries 93

8.2.6 Publish dictionary entries 93

8.2.7 Overwrite dictionary entries locally 94

8.3 Merging dictionary entries 95

8.4 Referencing external data sources 96
8.5 Recommendations: Dictionary content management 96
8.5.1 Getting started 96

8.5.2 Avoiding duplicates 98

8.5.3 Merging dictionary entries 99

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 8.5.4 Deleting dictionary categories and entries 99

8.6 Tutorial: How to use the dictionary as a modeler 99

8.6.1 Adjust the dictionary entry: 105

8.6.2 Create a new dictionary entry (recommended in our case) 106

9 Modeling notations 108

9.1 Business Process Modeling and Notation (BPMN) 108
9.1.1 Model a BPMN diagram 109

9.1.2 Set BPMN attributes 112

9.1.3 Responsibility assignment according to RACI 116

9.1.4 Setting key performance indicators (KPIs) 118

9.1.5 Create views 121

9.1.6 Risk Management 125

9.1.7 Migrate diagrams to BPMN 2.0 128

9.1.8 Converting EPC diagrams to BPMN 2.0 129

9.1.9 FIM attributes for public administration 130

9.1.10 Frequently asked questions 132

9.2 Customer journey maps 133

9.2.1 What are customer journey maps? 133

9.2.2 Creating and editing customer journey maps 139

9.2.3 Integrating customer journey maps into your process landscape 140

9.3 Decision Model and Notation (DMN) 142

9.3.1 Next steps 144

9.3.2 Model a decision 144

9.3.3 Define a decision logic 149

9.3.4 Define a hit policy and the completeness requirement 160

9.3.5 Using advanced literal expressions (functions in DMN decision elements) 163

9.3.6 Link DMN elements and diagrams 178

9.3.7 Create dictionary entries for input or output data in decisions 181

9.3.8 The DMN Test lab 183

9.3.9 DMN simulation 197

9.3.10 Comparing DMN diagrams and revisions 199

9.4 Value chains 201

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 9.4.1 Available diagram elements 202

9.4.2 Additional editing options 203

9.5 ArchiMate 204

9.5.1 What is ArchiMate? 204

9.5.2 Creating and editing ArchiMate diagrams 205

9.6 Case Management Model and Notation (CMMN) 207

9.6.1 About CMMN 207

9.6.2 CMMN in SAP Signavio Process Manager 208

9.6.3 Creating and editing CMMN diagrams 208

9.6.4 Integrating CMMN diagrams 218

9.7 Navigation maps 219

9.7.1 Manage navigation maps 220

9.7.2 Navigation map elements 221

9.8 Further notations 224

9.8.1 Organizational charts 224

9.8.2 Choreography diagrams 225

9.8.3 Conversation diagrams 225

9.8.4 Event-driven process chains 225

9.8.5 UML use case diagrams 225

9.8.6 UML class diagrams 226

10 Modeling with QuickModel 227

10.1 QuickModel editor overview 227
10.1.1 Show or hide task attributes 229

10.1.2 Main attributes for tasks 229

10.2 Create a diagram with QuickModel 229

10.2.1 Add tasks and specify attributes 230

10.2.2 Link dictionary entries 230

10.2.3 Reorder the tasks 231

10.2.4 Remove a task 231

10.2.5 Next steps 231

10.3 Edit a diagram with QuickModel 231

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 10.3.1 Editing options 232

10.3.2 Collapsed suprocesses 232

10.3.3 Editing limits for non-linear diagrams 232

10.3.4 Open a diagram in the QuickModel editor 232

10.3.5 Toggle between graphical and QuickModel editor 233

10.3.6 Link dictionary entries 233

10.3.7 Next steps 233

11 Simulating BPMN diagrams 234

11.1 Access the BPMN simulation tool 234
11.2 BPMN simulation tool functions 235
11.3 Step-by-step simulation 235
11.3.1 Run the step-by-step simulation 235

11.4 One-case simulation 236

11.4.1 Rub the one-case simulation 236

11.5 Multiple-case simulation 237

11.5.1 Run the multiple-case simulation 237

11.5.2 Simulation outcomes 238

11.5.3 Simulation result metrics 239

11.6 Managing simulation scenarios 242

11.6.1 Costs 243

11.6.2 Duration 243

11.6.3 Frequency 244

11.6.4 Resources 245

11.6.5 Configure the cost & resource analysis attribute 246

11.7 Exporting simulation results 246

11.7.1 Overview 247

11.7.2 Costs 248

11.7.3 Total costs charts 249

11.7.4 Total cycle time 250

11.7.5 Total time charts 250

11.7.6 Resource consumption 251

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 11.7.7 Resource consumption charts 251

11.7.8 Bottlenecks 252

11.7.9 Bottlenecks charts 252

11.7.10 Scenario tabs 253

11.8 Troubleshooting issues with the BPMN simulation feature 253

12 Search 255
12.1 Full text search 255
12.2 Advanced Search 256
12.3 Smart Folders 257
12.3.1 Manage smart folders 258

12.4 Search results 258

12.5 Return to the default explorer view 259

13 Collaboration 260
13.1 Invite modelers to edit a diagram 260
13.2 Inviting stakeholders to comment on a diagram 261
13.2.1 Inviting collaborators in the editor to comment 262

13.2.2 Inviting new stakeholders via email 263

13.2.3 Hint on links in invitation emails 264

13.2.4 Simplified views on diagrams 264

13.2.5 Withdrawing commenting rights 266

13.3 Comments 268

13.3.1 View comments 268

13.3.2 Filter comments by status 268

13.3.3 Filter comments by element 268

13.3.4 Add comments to a diagram 269

13.3.5 Add comments to an element 269

13.3.6 Reply to comments 269

13.3.7 Mention others in comments 270

13.3.8 Edit comments 270

13.3.9 Reject comments 270

13.3.10 Resolve comments 270

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 13.3.11 Delete comments 271

13.3.12 Comment notifications 271

13.4 Granting read-only access to diagrams 272

13.5 Publishing diagrams in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub 272
13.5.1 Revoke a published diagram 275

13.5.2 Opening a diagram's published revision 276

13.6 Inviting users to access a diagram in SAP Signavio Process Col-

laboration Hub 277
13.7 Organizing diagrams 277
13.8 The notification and activity feed 278
13.8.1 Notification configuration 279

13.8.2 Additional functions 280

13.9 Translating diagrams 283

13.9.1 Changing the language 284

13.9.2 Translating diagrams 285

13.9.3 Translating diagrams into multiple languages at the same time 286

13.9.4 Migrating diagrams to a different language 287

13.9.5 Translating diagram, folder and file names 288

13.9.6 Next steps 289

13.10 Executing processes in SAP Signavio Process Governance 289

13.11 Working with approval workflows 290
13.11.1 Start an approval workflow 291

13.11.2 Work on approval tasks assigned to you 292

13.11.3 Processing open approval tasks 293

14 Creating reports 295

14.1 Process documentation and templates 295
14.2 Analysis 295
14.3 Process model metric and process characteristics 296
14.4 User and group assignment 296
14.5 Governance report 296
14.6 Generating process documentation reports 297

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 14.6.1 Generate a process documentation (PDF) report 297

14.6.2 Generate a process documentation (Word) report 298

14.7 Responsibility assignment matrix / RACI report 300

14.8 Responsibility handovers matrix report 301
14.9 IT system usage matrix reports 302
14.9.1 Generate the IT system usage matrix (by diagrams) report 302

14.9.2 Generate the IT system usage matrix (by roles) report 303

14.10 Job profile report 303

14.11 Risk & controls report 304
14.12 Modeling conventions report 305
14.13 Document usage matrix report 306
14.14 Process characteristics with element details report 307
14.15 Process model metrics report 308
14.16 Creating quantitative process analysis reports 310
14.17 Process cost analysis report 311
14.18 Resource consumption analysis report 312
14.19 User/Group assignment report 314
14.20 Viewing governance reports 314
14.20.1 The governance report's usage metrics 316

15 SAP Signavio value accelerators 318

15.1 Content available in SAP Signavio Process Explorer 318
15.2 Related 318

16 Importing 319
16.1 Import an SAP Signavio archive (SGX) file 319
16.1.1 Import a SAP Signavio archive (SGX) file 320

16.1.2 Next steps 321

16.2 Import a BPMN 2.0 XML diagram 322

16.2.1 Import errors and warnings 322

16.2.2 Next steps 323

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 16.3 Import the APQC Process Classification Framework 323
16.3.1 The representation of the APQC framework in SAP Signavio Process
Manager 323

16.3.2 Import a APQC spreadsheet 324

16.4 Import a XPDL 2.1. diagram 325

16.5 Import an ARIS Markup Language (AML) diagram 325
16.6 Import a Microsoft Visio diagram 326
16.7 Upload documents and pictures 327
16.7.1 Limitations 327

16.7.2 Considerations 327

16.7.3 Upload a document or picture to the SAP Signavio file storage 328

16.7.4 Update a document or picture 329

16.7.5 Download documents and pictures 329

16.7.6 Supported file types 329

16.8 Import dictionary entries 330

16.8.1 Next steps 332

16.9 Import a set of dictionary items as a JAR file 333

16.9.1 Preparation and requirements 333

16.9.2 Import a JAR file 333

17 Exporting 334
17.1 Export dictionary entries 334
17.1.1 Partial export 334

17.1.2 Complete export 335

17.2 Export a diagram as PDF 336

17.2.1 Export options 336

17.3 Export a diagram as an image 338

17.3.1 Export options 339

17.4 Export a diagram as a SAP Signavio archive (SGX) 339

17.5 Export a BPMN diagram as XML 340
17.5.1 Export options 341

17.6 Export a diagram as XML 341

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 17.7 Export a DMN diagram as XML 342
17.7.1 Permitted element names 343

17.7.2 Customize the export 343

17.7.3 Next steps 343

17.8 Exporting DMN diagrams as drools rules 343

17.8.1 Customize the export 346

17.9 Exporting diagrams to Red Hat Decision Manager projects on

GitHub 347
17.9.1 Pushing diagrams to Red Hat Decision Manager projects 348

17.10 Translate content with PO files 349

17.10.1 Exported files 349

17.10.2 Export content for translation 351

17.10.3 Import translated content 351

17.10.4 Next steps 352

18 Publishing diagrams to external systems 353

18.1 Enabling diagram embedding 353
18.1.1 Disabling diagram embedding 354

18.2 Embed a diagram as an image 355

18.3 Embedding diagrams as HTML code 356
18.3.1 The diagram preview 357

18.4 Supported blog and content management systems 360

19 Workspace administration 361

19.1 Administrator profile 361
19.2 Add administrators 361
19.3 Get started 361
19.4 Next steps 362

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 1 Welcome to the SAP Signavio Process Manager user guide

1 Welcome to the SAP Signavio Process

Manager user guide
If you are new to SAP Signavio, we recommend to read the sections Getting star-
ted and What kind of SAP Signavio user am I.
If you are already familiar with SAP Signavio Process Manager, navigate the
table of content on the left or use the search to find the sections that are most rel-
evant to you.
For additional information, take a look at:
o Featured Videos
o Tutorial Videos
o The SAP Signavio Blog
o White Papers
o SAP community page for SAP Signavio products

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 2 Signing up

2 Signing up
SAP Signavio is a web application. You access your workspace by logging into
your account on the SAP Signavio server.
Go to http://www.signavio.com and click the Try it button in the upper right
corner of the page to register for the software. Alternatively, if you received an
invitation email to the SAP Signavio software, you can click the link in the email to
get to the page. If you are using the On Premise version of SAP Signavio, get the
local URL from your workspace administrator.

If you register for a trial account with an email address that has been
invited to join a SAP Signavio workspace, this license will be auto-
matically added to your new account.

To optimize worldwide availability, we provide three Software-as-a-Ser-

vice systems:
o https://app-us.signavio.com/ is hosted in the USA.
o https://editor.signavio.com is hosted in Germany.
o https://app-au.signavio.com is hosted in Australia.

When you register to create your workspace, you can decide which
system you want to use.

2.1 Create your SAP Signavio Process Transformation

Suite account
1. Go to the registration page or click the link you received in your invitation
email.

2. Follow the steps on the screen to set up your account.

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 2 Signing up

When you received an invitation email, you need to use the email
address to which the email was sent in order to sign up with the
proper license.

3. Use your account email and password to log in to the SAP Signavio Pro-
cess Transformation Suite.

2.2 Supported browsers

SAP Signavio Process Manager supports all popular browsers. If you experience
problems with SAP Signavio Process Manager, you may be using an outdated
browser that is not fully compatible with our system. The following web page
provides a detailed list of supported browsers and assesses the compatibility of
your browser automatically:
http://www.signavio.com/browser-compatibility

If the page indicates that your browser seems to be compatible, some

features may not be fully supported. We recommend you switch to a
browser that fully supports all features, to have an optimal user exper-
ience.

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 3 Log in to the SAP Signavio Process Transformation Suite

3 Log in to the SAP Signavio Process

Transformation Suite

3.1 Log in with your account credentials

After you've created your SAP Signavio Process Transformation Suite account
(see section Create your SAP Signavio Process Transformation Suite
account), use your account email and password to log in.
In case your workspace administrator has created the account for you, you
received an email to reset your password. When SSO is enabled for your work-
space, you log in using a shared link (see section Log in using a shared link).

1. Go to the login page:

o Login page (hosted in EU)
o Login page (hosted in Australia)
o Login page (hosted in US)

2. Enter your account email and password and click Login.

o If you receive the error message that the login with email and pass-
word is disabled, SSO is enforced for your workspace and you need to
log in using a shared link (see section Log in using a shared link).

3. Select your workspace and click Login. SAP Signavio Process Col-
laboration Hub launchpad opens. Continue with section launchpad.

If you don't have the Suite license, SAP Signavio Process Man-
ager explorer or SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub
opens, depending on your user license.

3.2 Log in using a shared link

When SSO is enabled for your workspace, you log in through a shared link. The
link is shared with you, for example, in an invitation email or on a wiki page.

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 3 Log in to the SAP Signavio Process Transformation Suite

We recommend that you bookmark the shared link for future logins.
Depending on your workspace configuration, you might only be able to
log in to the SAP Signavio Process Transformation Suite through the
shared link.

1. Click the link.

2. Follow the steps you see on the screen. Your account will be authenticated
by a third-party application.
3. After successful log in, SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub launchpad
opens. Continue with section launchpad.

3.3 Log in to the on-premises solution

When SSO is enabled for your workspace, you log in through a shared link. The
link is shared with you, for example, in an invitation email or on a wiki page.

1. Go to the local URL or click the shared link to open the login page. You can
get the local URL from your workspace administrator.
2. Enter your account email and password and click Login. SAP Signavio Pro-
cess Manager explorer opens.

3.4 Next steps

o Launchpad
o Create a diagram
o Move and change elements

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 4 Getting started

4 Getting started
This chapter provides an overview of the features of SAP Signavio Process Man-
ager.

4.1 The explorer

After logging in, the explorer opens in your browser. It allows you to navigate
through diagrams and files stored in your workspace. Here you can create new
diagrams and publish them in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub or share
them by other means. As SAP Signavio supports open standards, importing dia-
grams from other systems is easy. In the explorer, you can adjust your personal
settings. Administrators can also configure workspace settings here. For details,
see section Explorer overview.

4.2 The editor

The editor can be accessed by opening a diagram or creating a new one. Using
the editor, you can create and edit all kinds of supported diagrams. For details,
see section Modeling.
Besides BPMN 2.0, SAP Signavio supports Decision Model and Notation
(DMN), ArchiMate, and many Further notations.

4.3 QuickModel
QuickModel gives you the possibility to create simple BPMN-diagrams in
seconds by use of a spreadsheet-like interface. Diagrams created in this applic-
ation can be edited in the editor like any other diagram to add complexity or
update the process. See section Modeling with QuickModel for details.

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 4 Getting started

4.4 The dictionary

The dictionary allows you to manage and re-use specific modeling elements. It
also allows you to ensure all your modelers are using the same terms and ele-
ments in your organization-specific modeling environment.

4.5 SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub

The launchpad of SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub provides access to
your published process landscape, see section Your launchpad.

4.6 The Diagram and Revision Comparison Tool

The diagram and revision comparison tool helps you to keep track of changes.
See section Compare revisions for details.

4.7 BPMN and DMN Simulation

You can run BPMN Simulation and DMN simulation to analyze key performance
indicators and bottlenecks and apply your business decision logic directly within
the tool. The DMN Test lab helps you to continuously check whether your
decision logic is consistent with your initial requirements. See sections Sim-
ulating BPMN diagrams and DMN simulation for details.

4.8 Support
Our team is constantly improving and extending SAP Signavio Process Manager.
You will find the latest version number and our release notes at http://www.sig-
navio.com/release-notes/.
Do you have any questions?
Please contact our SAP Signavio service experts on the SAP ONE Support
Launchpad.
You can also send a support request from the editor. Go to the user menu and
select Send feedback from the drop-down list.

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 4 Getting started

4.9 Next steps

o Explorer overview
o Working with folders and diagrams
o Modeling

4.10 What kind of SAP Signavio user am I

The following sections explain the different user types of SAP Signavio Process
Manager. If you already know in what way you would like to use the software, you
can select the topic that is relevant for you.

4.10.1 I am a business process (BPMN) modeler

Learn how to collaboratively model business processes in BPMN (Business Pro-
cess Model and Notation) or EPC (Event-driven Process Chains) with SAP
Signavio Process Manager. In addition to BPMN and EPC, we support all popular
open modeling languages for business users.
In section Business Process Modeling and Notation (BPMN), you learn how to
create, edit, and work with BPMN diagrams.

4.10.2 I am a business decision modeler

Use the Decision Manager to model business decisions in a structured and form-
alized manner all stakeholders can easily understand using the Decision Model
and Notation (DMN) . Integrate your DMN diagrams seamlessly into your BPMN
process landscape.
In the section Decision Model and Notation (DMN), you learn about creating,
editing and managing decision diagrams.

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 4 Getting started

4.10.3 I am an enterprise architecture modeler

Use the ArchiMate Edition to create a visual, business domain-crossing descrip-
tion of your enterprise architecture. Employ ArchiMate together with your BPMN
process landscape.
In the section ArchiMate, you learn about creating and editing Enterprise Archi-
tecture diagrams.

4.10.4 I'd like to create a process diagram, but don't know BPMN
very well
Learn how to use the QuickModel to create valid BPMN processes through a
spreadsheet-like interface. Create your first processes in just a couple of minutes
or add and maintain element attributes in a fast and well-structured manner.
In the section Modeling with QuickModel, you learn how to use the application to
quickly create BPMN diagrams.

4.10.5 I am a SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub user

Get to know SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub: view process diagrams
and discuss them with your colleagues.
In the section SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub, you learn how to use
the tool to work on diagrams together with colleagues and external stakeholders.

4.10.6 I want to review and approve diagrams before they are

released
Make use of a Approval Workflows to ensure that diagrams have been approved
by specific users or user groups before they are published in SAP Signavio Pro-
cess Collaboration Hub.
In the section Working with approval workflows , you learn how to start and work
with approval workflows.

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 4 Getting started

4.10.7 I am a workspace administrator

Learn how to configure your workspace in order to get the most out of SAP Sig-
navio Process Manager and to maximize the benefit considering the unique
needs of your organization.
Moreover, learn how to integrate SAP Signavio products into your organization's
IT infrastructure and enable smooth and hassle-free process, business decision
and enterprise architecture documentation, utilizing your existing IT systems to
the fullest extent.
As a workspace administrator, you will find information about configuring the soft-
ware in the Workspace administration section of the manual.

4.11 The BPM Academic Initiative

The BPM Academic Initiative is a joint program of SAP Signavio and several
international universities to support business process management in academic
teaching and research. As part of the Academic Initiative, SAP Signavio allows
students and teachers to use the academic process modeling platform at aca-
demic.signavio.com for free, given the purpose is non-commercial and non-pro-
ductive.
Note the following differences between SAP Signavio's academic platform and
the commercial offering:
o It is illegal to use the academic platform for commercial or productive pur-
poses.
o All content users create on the academic platform may be made publicly avail-
able for research purposes (if requested, anonymized).
o SAP Signavio doesn't provide any performance or availability guarantees for
the academic platform. SAP Signavio may deploy code to the academic plat-
form before it is deemed mature enough for our commercial systems.
o The focus of the academic platform is process modeling. Many advanced pro-
cess management and collaboration features are not available. The same
applies to document uploads and interfaces for system integrations.
o While SAP Signavio generally handles requests from users of our academic
platform, questions and issues of paying customers are given a higher priority.

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 4 Getting started

SAP Signavio doesn't commit to responding to inquiries of users of the aca-

demic platform within a specific timeframe.

If you accidentally registered for the Academic Initiative at aca-

demic.signavio.com, please create a new account for one of the following sys-
tems:
o editor.signavio.com (Europe)
o app-us.signavio.com (Americas)
o app-au.signavio.com (APAC)

If you want to transfer your data from the academic platform to one of our pro-
duction systems, please contact our SAP Signavio service experts on the SAP
ONE Support Launchpad.

4.12 Frequently asked questions

4.12.1 How can I quickly display diagrams without opening the

Editor?
The fastest option is to use the diagram preview (see section Viewing diagram
details). Select a diagram in the Explorer and hit the space bar or use the arrow
symbol at the bottom left of the main window to expand the preview section.
SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub preview allows you to quickly nav-
igate the diagrams of your workspace. To open SAP Signavio Process Col-
laboration Hub preview, open the Explorer and select Share - Preview in SAP
Signavio Process Collaboration Hub.

4.12.2 How can I disable email notifications?

By default, the system informs you about every change made to a diagram you
are working on in a team. There are multiple ways to disable notifications:
o Select the diagram in the explorer, open the activity feed (press the space bar
) and click Don't notify me.
o Open your profile settings under Setup - My profile in the Explorer and scroll
down to the notification settings to adjust them.

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 4 Getting started

4.12.3 My browser does not display SAP Signavio's applications

correctly. What can I do?
o Please ensure your browser supports SAP Signavio. Read more in section
Supported browsers.
o After a system update, in rare cases it is necessary to refresh the internal
storage (cache) of your browser.
For this, open the application in your browser and use one of the following
commands (depending on your operating system):
o Windows: Ctrl + F5
o Apple: Cmd + R
o Linux (typically): F5

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 5 Personal profile settings

5 Personal profile settings

You can use personal profile settings to customize SAP Signavio Process Man-
ager according to your needs. Profile settings are centrally managed in the My
profile dialog, which can be accessed via Setup - My profile.

In the 'My profile' dialog you can customize your user profile

If you have registered multiple workspaces with the same email

address, the settings for password, language and user name apply
globally for all workspaces. The settings or information about licenses,
groups, tips, and subscriptions apply to the current workspace.

5.1 Global settings

Global settings apply to all the workspaces you are registered with.
In the My profile dialog, you can add or edit the following information:

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 5 Personal profile settings

Parameter Description

These three fields make up your user name. It appears whenever

Academic title, you interact with the software or a colleague, like in diagram ver-
first name, last sion histories in the activity feed or when you invite someone to
name collaborate. Changes in the user name are only displayed after
reloading the page.

The email address you are registered with at SAP Sig-

navio Process Manager. You will get notifications from the
SAP Signavio software to this address if you have sub-
Email scriptions.
Note : Because this email is associated with your license,
please contact our SAP Signavio service experts on the
SAP ONE Support Launchpad if you want to change it.

Company/Org. The name of your organization.

Here you can specify the language for your personal profile. After
Language
clicking Save, the page will be reloaded in the selected language.

To change your password, simply type the new password in the

corresponding field, then again in the field below and click Save.
Password The password requirements can be set by the administrator. More
information can be found in the section Manage security
settings.

5.2 Local settings and information

Local settings and information apply only to the workspace you are currently work-
ing in.

Version 16.10 29
 5 Personal profile settings

Parameter Description

This entry tells you what SAP Signavio licenses you are registered
Edition for. If you need additional licenses, please contact your admin-
istrator.

The user groups you are a member of are listed here. Admin-
Groups istrators can add and delete users to user groups as explained at
Manage users and groups.

Display today's
Activate the checkbox if you would like to see a new tip every day
top tip auto-
after login.
matically

All your subscriptions are listed here. You can delete those that are
no longer needed by clicking Remove. By default, new users are
Subscriptions
automatically subscribed to weekly email updates about changes
to the 'Shared documents' folder.

5.3 Today's top tips

Today's top tip is displayed every day when you first open the Explorer.
You can re-open the current tip of the day.
o Open Help > Today's top tip.

You can deactivate the automatic display of tips in your profile settings.
o Disable the option Display hint of the day automatically.

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 6 Explorer overview

6 Explorer overview
The explorer is the entry and management point of SAP Signavio Process Man-
ager. In the explorer you can manage folders and diagrams, create new dia-
grams, export diagrams, generate reports, as well as publish and embed
diagrams. You can also edit your profile settings and manage the administrative
aspects of your workspace. You can access the editor, SAP Signavio Process
Collaboration Hub and other functions in the software via the explorer.
From the explorer view you have access to all tools that SAP Signavio Process
Manager offers.
The explorer is structured as follows:
o View

The central area displays the file contents of the selected folder.
Double-click diagrams in the editor to open them. Unread diagram com-
ments are displayed as small speech bubbles attached to the cor-
responding files. You can switch between the views, The icon view or
The list view. At the bottom of the central view is the activity feed and the
diagram preview.
o Menu

The toolbar with a drop-down menu allows you to access different functions.
Read more in the section The Explorer menu.
o Search function
The search function is a useful tool to quickly find diagrams. In addition to
the full text search, the advanced search option offers you a method to add
specific search criteria. You can find a detailed description in the Search
section.
o Folder tree
The folder tree on the left allows you to quickly navigate within your work-
space. Read more at Working with folders and diagrams.
o Diagram details

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 6 Explorer overview

The notification and activity feed allows you to view and manage the history
of a diagram and to modify notification settings of diagrams and folders. By
pressing the space bar you can open the preview panel (see Viewing dia-
gram details) and the version overview (see The notification and activity
feed) of a diagram at the bottom.
o Personal profile
You can customize the explorer by adjusting your Personal profile settings
according to your needs.

6.1 The Explorer menu

6.1.1 New
In the dropdown menu New, you can create new folders and diagrams. The new
folder is created at the location that is currently open in the explorer. If you create
a new diagram, a blank canvas opens in the editor in a new tab. The menu item
QuickModel opens a new BPMN 2.0 diagram in QuickModel.

6.1.2 Edit
Here, you can open the editor or QuickModel to edit diagrams, simulate BPMN
(see Simulating BPMN diagrams) and DMN (see DMN simulation) diagrams
and test DMN diagrams (The DMN Test lab). To gain an overview of activities
about a specific diagram you can display comments on diagrams in SAP Signavio

Version 16.10 32
 6 Explorer overview

Process Collaboration Hub and compare versions of diagrams (see Compare

revisions). The folder content currently displayed in the explorer can be moved,
copied, deleted, and renamed. BPMN 1.2 diagrams can also be migrated to the
newer BPMN 2.0 format.

6.1.3 Import/Export
You can import and export files in SAP Signavio Process Manager. This means
you are able to upload files to your workspace and also download diagrams from
your workspace onto your computer in different formats.

6.1.4 Reporting
The Reporting menu allows you to create different kinds of reports about dia-
grams. This enables business users to analyze their process hierarchy offline
with decision makers and analysts, regardless of their familiarity with BPMN mod-
eling.

6.1.5 Share
With the Share menu, you can use your Shared Documents folder to publish dia-
grams to SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub and share documents in a vari-
ety of ways with your colleagues.

6.1.5.1 Approval workflows

Working with approval workflows are evaluating processes that diagrams have
to go through before they are automatically published to SAP Signavio Process
Collaboration Hub. You can start approval workflows as well as edit published dia-
grams. Approval workflows are managed and executed in SAP Signavio Process
Governance. If you are interested in further functionalities of SAP Signavio Pro-
cess Governance, you can get more information here: https://www.sig-
navio.com/products/workflow-accelerator/.

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 6 Explorer overview

To use approval workflows in the On Premises Edition, SAP Signavio

Process Governance needs to be installed alongside SAP Signavio
Process Manager on your server.

6.1.5.2 Invitations to comment/edit

The second section of the menu lets you invite modelers to edit. You can also use
it to invite SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub users and external stake-
holders to comment on diagrams.

Invite to comment

You can invite anyone to comment on a diagram - all you need is their email
address. They will receive an email with a link that leads directly to the cor-
responding diagram in the commenting view. Unregistered users can view and
comment only on the specific diagrams they were invited to.
The menu item Manage feedback invitations lets you revoke any invitations to
comment on a diagram.

Invite modeler to edit

You can invite modelers registered in your workspace to edit a diagram. As all
modelers are able to edit all diagrams in the Shared documents folder by default,
this function serves as notification to let fellow modelers know a diagram needs
their attention. You can clarify the reason why you are pointing a modeler towards
a certain diagram by editing the text of the email in the invitation dialog. The link
you send leads directly to the diagram, open and ready to be edited.
The option to Invite to fill out QuickModel follows the same basic concept, only
instead of the Editor, the link leads to the diagram in Modeling with QuickModel.

6.1.5.3 SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub

In this menu section, you can view diagrams in SAP Signavio Process Col-
laboration Hub, publish and unpublish diagrams, and invite users to open dia-
grams.

Preview

SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub offers a structured and detailed over-
view on diagrams. Before publication, you can check how a SAP Signavio Pro-
cess Collaboration Hub user would see the diagram. This option can also be

Version 16.10 34
 6 Explorer overview

useful for modelers who need to to become familiar with complex diagrams
before editing them. Also, SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub provides a
full screen view for diagrams.

Publish

You can select one or several diagrams or folders and publish them (see Pub-
lishing diagrams in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub). The cor-
responding diagrams will be visible for all users in the folder tree. They will not be
accessible for colleagues who have been invited to comment on a specific dia-
gram by email but do not possess a SAP Signavio account.

Unpublish

You can use this option to remove a diagram from the folder tree. This option has
no influence on feedback invitations. If you would like to revoke those as well,
please click on the menu item Manage feedback Invitations and remove the cor-
responding e-mail addresses from the list.

Invite to SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub

If you click this option, you can send an invitation to any e-mail address.

6.1.5.4 Embed diagram

With the dialog that opens, you can embed the corresponding diagram into
external systems (see Publishing diagrams to external systems).

6.2 The Explorer view

6.2.1 The icon view

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 6 Explorer overview

In this view, diagrams and folders are represented as icons. For diagrams, a
small preview is provided that allows you to find the diagram you are looking for
faster.
Details about a selected diagram can be found at the bottom of the Explorer in the
activity panel (see Viewing diagram details) .
When working on diagrams collaboratively--for example, in SAP Signavio Pro-
cess Collaboration Hub--it is possible to comment on diagrams and diagram ele-
ments. Unread comments that were created by users who are not members of
your workspace will be marked with a little speech bubble symbol in the Explorer.

Unread comments are also displayed in the icon view

To view your colleagues' comments, open the respective diagram in the Editor.
To read more about commenting, go to section Comments.

6.2.2 The list view

Diagrams and folders are listed along with additional information about each file.
Selecting an element activates the diagram preview in the preview panel at the
bottom if the panel is extended.
Clicking the title of a row sorts the elements by the selected column.

6.2.2.1 Managing the list view

You can individually configure which of the diagram attributes are shown as
columns in the table view. All attributes on diagram level and the attributes Revi-
sion , Last Change , Last Author and Published are available.
To configure the list view, proceed as follows:

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 6 Explorer overview

1. Click Setup , then Edit general configuration . A dialog box will open.
2. In the Explorer section, you can edit the table columns preferences. Click
Add attribute to add another attribute to the list view.

You can rearrange the order of the attributes using the arrow icons and con-
figure the size and the position of the attribute column. To delete an attrib-
ute from the list view click the trash button.

3. Click Save to save your settings. The list view is updated with the attributes
you have configured.

6.2.3 Refreshing the explorer view

After saving a diagram in the editor (after renaming it, for example), the explorer
view may not be up-to-date anymore. In this case, a dialog is asking you to
refresh.

You can refresh the explorer manually. Use the Refresh button in the
top right corner of the explorer.

6.2.4 Display of the current path

In both the list and in the icon view, you see the file path on top of the list. If you
want to jump to a parent folder, click the corresponding folder name.
The following example shows how to jump back to the 'Shared documents' folder:

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 6 Explorer overview

6.3 Viewing diagram details

The notification and activity feed allows you to view and manage version history,
and to edit notification settings for diagrams and folders. If you have selected one
or more diagrams or folders, the feed is displayed as a lower bar in the Explorer.
When you select a diagram file, the diagram, along with the date and author of
the most recent changes, is displayed:

Version 16.10 38
 6 Explorer overview

6.3.1 Notification settings

As soon as changes to a diagram or folder are made, notifications are sent at con-
figurable intervals as emails. In the notification and activity feed, you can con-
figure the notification settings of the selected diagrams or folder.
The following options are available:
o daily
o weekly
o monthly
o cancel subscription

6.3.2 Preview and version history

The activity feed allows you to get a preview of the selected diagram and to view
and manage the version history. You can find detailed information about this fea-
ture in the section The notification and activity feed.

6.4 Working with folders and diagrams

Folders allow you to organize and structure your workspace, even if you have a
large number of diagrams.
Diagrams placed in Shared documents can be viewed and edited by all users of
a workspace. Workspace administrators can enable the My documents folder,
which is private. Other users can't view or edit this folder.
Notes on working with multiple users and workspaces can be found in the
Managing users and access rights section.

6.4.1 The folder structure

The main workspace folder is Shared documents. The My documents folder can
additionally be enabled by a workspace admin.
Within these folders, you can create subfolders to organize your diagrams.

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 6 Explorer overview

Clicking the arrow next to the folder/s name or on folder/s name itself will col-
lapse or extend the folder. This way, you can quickly switch between folders and
still keep track, even if you have an extensive folder structure.

Expand or collapse a folder by clicking the arrow in front of its name

If the name of a folder is cut off due to the width of the folder column, the full
name will appear when hovering over it with your mouse. You can also extend the
folder column by dragging its border line to the right.

6.4.2 The 'Shared documents' and 'My documents' folders

Workspace administrators can choose to disable the My documents

folder for every user in the workspace. This prevents documents from
being inaccessible. It also fosters collaboration by restricting drafts to
Shared documents. For new tenants, the folder My documents is dis-
abled by default. The folder can be enabled by an administrator under
Setup > Edit general configuration.
Users can move diagrams from one folder to another.

6.4.2.1 Shared documents

Each registered user has a main folder: Shared documents.

This folder contains diagrams you can work on alone and together with other
modelers.
There are two ways to collaborate with colleagues: joint modeling within your
workspace, and inviting colleagues to comment on diagrams.

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 6 Explorer overview

o Only colleagues who are registered in your workspace are able to actually edit
diagrams. Find out more about defining access rights to diagrams and the Dic-
tionary at Managing access rights.
o Each person invited to comment on a diagram is able to do so - also those who
have no SAP Signavio Process Manager account. In the section Inviting stake-
holders to comment on a diagram, you will learn how to invite process stake-
holders to comment on a diagram.

6.4.2.2 My documents

Workspace administrators can enable the My documents folder for all users
under Setup > Edit general configuration. Diagrams in this folder and its sub-
folders are private. Other users can't view or edit them.

6.4.3 Creating a new folder

To create a new folder, proceed as follows:

1. If you want to create a subfolder, first navigate to the folder in which you
want to locate the new folder.
2. In the menu bar, click New > Folder . A dialog pops up, in which you can
enter the folder name.

3. Specify the folder name and then click OK . The new folder is now visible in
the folder structure.

6.4.4 Renaming a folder or diagram

1. In the Explorer select the folder or diagram you want to rename.
2. In the main menu click Edit > Change name/description

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 6 Explorer overview

3. Change the name. In multi-language workspaces translate the changed

name to all available languages.
4. Click Rename to save your changes.

6.4.5 Moving folders and diagrams

To move published folders and diagrams, you need publish access

rights on the published elements and on the target folder.

1. Select the folder or diagram you want to move to a different location.

2. In the menu bar, click Edit > Move . The corresponding dialog box opens.
3. Now select the new folder.
4. Click Move to complete the moving operation. The view of the folder will
then be updated.

If you don't have publish access rights on the published elements and on
the target folder, the following dialog opens:

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 6 Explorer overview

5. Finally, click Move . The folder or diagram is moved to the selected location.

6.4.6 Copying diagrams

You can only copy diagrams and groups of diagrams, not entire
folders.

1. Select the diagram you want to copy. To copy several diagrams at once,
hold the Ctrl key while selecting them. Or, draw a selection frame around
the diagrams.
2. In the menu bar, click Edit and then Copy . The Copy dialog opens.

3. Select which folder you'd like to place the copy in.

4. Optionally, you can select one of the following options by activating the cor-
responding checkbox:

Version 16.10 43
 6 Explorer overview

o Copy linked models, too Please note that BPMN call activities are not
copied.
o Copy all revisions of the diagram .

For system performance reasons, only one option can be selected.

5. Click Copy . The copied file is then located in the selected target folder.

6.4.7 Removing folders or diagrams

1. Select the folder or diagram to be removed in the main area of the Explorer.
To select multiple folders, keep Ctrl pressed while selecting, or draw a
selection frame around them.
2. In the menu bar, click Edit > Delete . A confirmation dialog appears.
3. Click Yes to delete the selected object.

The selected objects are moved only in Trash, from which you
can restore objects if necessary. Objects will be permanently
deleted after you empty Trash.

4. To delete objects permanently, select the Trash folder in the folder nav-
igation. All objects in Trash are displayed.
5. Select the objects you want to delete permanently.

6. In the menu bar, click Remove. A confirmation dialog appears.

7. Confirm by clicking Yes. The selected items are permanently deleted.

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 6 Explorer overview

6.4.8 Restoring diagrams and folders

Diagrams and folders that have been deleted are moved to Trash folder. If you do
not explicitly remove them from there, they can be restored.
To restore a diagram or folder from the Trash folder, proceed as follows:

1. Go to the Trash folder. It can be found in the folder tree on the left.
2. Select the files you want to restore.

3. Click Restore in the menu bar.

Version 16.10 45
 7 Modeling

7 Modeling
This section explains how you create models in all notations in SAP Signavio Pro-
cess Manager in the following sections:
o Create a diagram
o Open and save diagrams
o Editor toolbar and keyboard shortcuts
o Add and connect elements
o Move and change elements
o Format diagrams
o Work with modeling conventions

For information about modeling with specific notations, see section Modeling
notations.

7.1 Create a diagram

In SAP Signavio Process Manager, new diagram files are created in the explorer.
You edit diagrams in the editor.
To create a new diagram, click New in the explorer and select a modeling nota-
tion from the drop-down list. The editor opens with a blank canvas.

7.2 Editor overview

In the editor, you design, edit and format diagrams. You can also perform checks
on your diagrams. This overview can help you find the functions you need.

Version 16.10 46
 7 Modeling

1 Shape repository Contains all modeling elements available for a nota-

tion, read more in section Add elements from the
shape repository

2 Canvas The area on which you design and edit diagrams,

read more in section Move and change elements

3 Dictionary Reuse modeling elements, read more in section Work-

ing with the dictionary

4 Toolbar The tools to edit and format diagrams, you find a

detailed description of the tool bar in the section
Editor toolbar and keyboard shortcuts

5 Share Invite users to comment on the diagram, read more in

section Inviting users to access a diagram in SAP
Signavio Process Collaboration Hub

6 User menu Here you can change the editing mode, open the
other SAP Signavio products and log out

7 Attributes Edit attributes of your modeling elements, read more

in section Edit attributes

8 Views Create and edit views, read more in section Create

views

Version 16.10 47
 7 Modeling

7.2.1 User menu

The user menu has several sections.
The options in the section Editing mode depend on the current notation. For
example, for BPMN diagrams you have the following choices:
o QuickModel
o Graphical Editor
o Simulation
o Diagram comparison

If you have access to other products of the SAP Signavio Process Transformation
Suite, you find them in the Products section. When you click a product name, the
selected product opens in a new tab.
In the Help section, you find the link to the user guide. You can also send us feed-
back or contact SAP Signavio Support.
You can log out of SAP Signavio Process Manager by clicking Logout.

7.3 Open and save diagrams

In SAP Signavio Process Manager, you open diagrams in the explorer. You're
editing diagrams in the editor.

7.3.1 Open a diagram

1. Open the explorer and navigate to the diagram.

2. Double-click the diagram. Alternatively, select the diagram and click Edit
> Edit diagram in the explorer menu.
The diagram is opened in the editor in a new browser tab.

7.3.2 Save a diagram

While you keep the editor browser tab open, your changes are saved auto-
matically in the background. When you save the diagram, you create a new dia-
gram revision.

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 7 Modeling

All items related to a diagram by links are listed when you save a diagram.
To save a diagram, follow these steps:

1. Click in the toolbar.

2. When you save a diagram for the first time, enter a descriptive name and
select the directory for saving the diagram.
You can edit the diagram name later.

3. Add a comment about your current changes.

Adding comment helps other modelers and collaborators to understand and
track your changes. Your comments are shown in the in the feed in the
explorer.

4. Depending on the modeling notation, you can open the modeling con-

vention checks by clicking . This closes the Save dialog.

You can save the diagram with errors and warnings.

5. Click Save.
A new revision of the diagram is saved.

7.3.3 Restore older revisions of a diagram

You can restore a previous revision of a diagram in the activity feed.
Follow these steps:

1. Select a diagram.

2. Click Expand in the bottom panel of the explorer. Alternately, you can press
the space bar.
The panel expands, showing a preview of the diagram.

3. To access previous revisions, click Feed. The activity feed is displayed.

4. Select the revision you want to restore and click Restore revision.

5. Add a comment and confirm in the dialog.

The previous revision is restored.

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 7 Modeling

7.3.4 Next steps

o Work with modeling conventions
o Compare revisions

7.4 Editor toolbar and keyboard shortcuts

7.4.1 Editor Toolbar

Save diagram
Save a copy: You can save the diagram as a copy. The copy is
saved in the same directory as its original.

Export diagram as PDF

Cut selected elements to clipboard

Copy selected elements to clipboard

Paste clipboard to canvas

Delete selected elements

Undo/ Redo

Align modeling elements, distribute elements, adjust size of ele-

ments to match

Show or hide the grid on the canvas

Adjust space between modeling elements

Zoom in/out of the canvas

Reset the canvas to its default size

Fit the diagram to the canvas size

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 7 Modeling

Change font size in elements

Bold

Italic

Change font color

Change line color of modeling elements

Change fill color of modeling elements

Remove current formatting

Apply formatting to other elements

Show all comments

Show risk and controls

Show all elements with attachments

Perform checks
The following checks are available by default:
o Syntax check
o Simulation capability
o Cost and resource analysis checks

Based on the modeling notation additional checks might be avail-

able

Select attribute visualizations (overlays)

Change workspace language

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 7 Modeling

7.4.2 Keyboard Shortcuts

Shortcuts for Windows Shortcuts for Mac

Open dia- In the explorer, double click the dia- In the explorer, double click the dia-
gram gram name gram name
Open dia- In the explorer, select the diagram In the explorer, select the diagram
gram pre- and press Space and press Space
view
Save dia- Ctrl + S ⌘ +S
gram
Copy Ctrl + C ⌘ +C
selection
Paste Ctrl + V ⌘ +V
selection
Cut selec- Ctrl + X ⌘ +X
tion
Delete Del Del
selection
Undo Ctrl + Z ⌘ +Z

Redo Ctrl + Y ⌘ +Y

Press Ctrl + + to make everything Press ⌘ + + to make everything

larger larger
Zoom Press Ctrl + - to make everything Press ⌘ + - to make everything
smaller smaller
Press Ctrl + 0 to reset Press ⌘ + 0 to reset

Press F11 to use full-screen mode, Press ⌘ + Ctrl + f to use full-screen

Full-
press F11 again to exit full-screen mode, press ⌘ + Ctrl + f again to exit
screen
mode full-screen mode

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 7 Modeling

Shortcuts for Windows Shortcuts for Mac

Resize ele- Hold Ctrl and drag the element Hold ⌘ and drag the element
ment
connector to resize in all dir- connector to resize in all dir-
ections ections
Hold Shift and drag the element Hold Shift and drag the element
connector to resize proportionally connector to resize proportionally
Hold Alt and drag the element Hold Alt and drag the element
connector to resize without snap- connector to resize without snap-
ping ping

Hold Alt or Ctrl while moving an Hold Alt or ⌘ while moving an

element to move without auto- element to move without auto-
matic snapping or orientation matic snapping or orientation
Move ele- lines lines
ments Hold Shift+Alt or Shift+Strg to Hold Shift+Alt or Shift+Strg to
move an element along a hori- move an element along a hori-
zontal or vertical line, without dis- zontal or vertical line, without dis-
played orientation lines played orientation lines

Adjust Press Ctrl + M and add or Press ⌘ + M and add or remove

space
remove space, press Ctrl + M space, press ⌘ + M again to
between
elements again to deactivate deactivate

Select ele- Select one or more elements and Select one or more elements and
ments of press Ctrl + I press ⌘ + I
the same
type

7.4.3 Next steps

o Format diagrams

7.5 Add and connect elements

You have the following options to add elements to a diagram:

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 7 Modeling

o You can drag elements from the shape repository onto the canvas.
o You can use the interactive shortcut menu when you click an element on the
canvas.
o You can copy and paste elements.

7.5.1 Add elements from the shape repository

The shape repository in the left panel of the editor lists all modeling elements
available for a notation. For notations with lots of elements, elements are grouped
into subsets. To change subsets, click the current subset and select a different
subset from the drop-down list.
In a subset, elements are grouped thematically.
To add an element, follow these steps:

1. Click the element you want to add to your diagram.

2. Hold the mouse button and drag the element onto the canvas. Green icons

indicate where you can place an element.

3. To label an element, double-click the element and enter the label text in the
text box.

The label is saved when you click outside the text box. Available dictionary
entries are suggested while you type.

7.5.2 Add elements from the interactive shortcut menu

Which elements are shown in the interactive shortcut menu depends

on the selected subset of modeling elements. If you miss an element in
the shortcut menu, check which set of modeling elements is selected
in the shape repository.

To add an element, follow these steps:

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 7 Modeling

1. Select an element in the diagram.

The shortcut menu opens. Depending on the selected element, the shortcut
menu suggests elements.

2. Click the icon of the element you want to add. The new element is added to
the diagram.
The connector type between the selected element and the new element is
set automatically.

When you want to add an element and set its position, click the element icon and
drag the element to its position. The new element is added to the diagram where
you release the mouse button.

7.5.3 Add pools and lanes

Add a pool by dragging the Pool/Lane element onto the canvas. Collapsed pools
can't contain elements.
Add a lane to a pool by dragging the Pool/Lane element onto a pool.
To add more lanes to a pool, drag a Pool/Lane element onto the left or right edge
of a lane.
To add a sublane, drag a Pool/Lane element onto the center of a lane.
To reorder lanes, you have the following options:
o Click the header and drag the lane to it's new location.
o Click the header and use the arrow icons that are shown in the lane to move
a lane up or down.

To move lanes up and down the hierarchy, use the arrows.

7.5.4 Connect elements with flows

To connect elements with flows, drag the flow onto the target element. You can
also use the flow icons from the interactive shortcut menu.
When a connection is possible, green marks are shown on the edges on the ele-
ment.

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When a connection isn't possible, red marks are displayed on the edges of the
element.

You can drag a new element onto a connector that already connects two ele-
ments. Then, the new element is added and connected automatically.

7.5.4.1 Add gateways to flows

When you drag a gateway onto a flow, the flow is split and connected to the gate-
way.

7.5.5 Copy elements

You can copy elements to create similar elements. You can also copy parts of old
diagrams to reuse in new diagrams.

1. Select the element you want to copy. Hold the Shift or Ctrl key to select mul-
tiple elements.

2. Click to copy, click to cut and click to paste elements. You can
also use the shortcuts Ctrl + C to copy, Ctrl + X to cut and Ctrl + V to paste
elements.

o Copying elements between different diagrams can take a while,

because they are copied to the server first.
o An internet connection is required for copying elements between
diagrams, but not for copying elements inside one diagram.

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7.5.6 Remove elements

1. Select all elements you want to remove. To select multiple elements, press
and hold the left mouse button and draw a frame around the elements, or
press and hold the Ctrl key while you click the elements.

2. Press the Del key on your keyboard or click in the toolbar.

The elements are deleted.

7.5.7 Next steps

o Move and change elements
o Format diagrams
o Work with modeling conventions

7.6 Move and change elements

While modeling, you can change the position of elements and labels.
You can also adjust the space between elements or change the canvas size.
You can change the element type.

7.6.1 Move elements and labels

To move an element or a label to a new position, select and drag it.

7.6.2 Rename elements

To change the name of a label, double-click the element. Available dictionary
entries are suggested automatically.

7.6.3 Change element size

1. Select the element.

2. Click the bottom right corner or top left corner and drag the corner.

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For more options, keep one or more of the following keys

pressed while you drag the element:
o Alt: Resize without snapping to other elements and ori-
entation lines
o Ctrl: Resize in every direction
o Shift: Resize the element proportionally

7.6.4 Adjust canvas space

You have two options to adjust the canvas area.
o You can add or remove space between elements.
o You can shrink or extend the whole canvas.

Shrinking the canvas isn't possible if there are elements in the affected
area.

To add or remove space between elements, follow these steps:

1. Enable the space adjusting function by clicking in the toolbar, or use

the shortcut Ctrl + M.
The mouse cursor turns into a cross and two lines are displayed on the can-
vas.

2. Where you want to adjust the space, click, hold and move the cursor.
Space is added or removed depending on your movements.
This works in all directions.

3. Release the mouse button.

4. Disable the space adjusting function by clicking in the toolbar, or use

the shortcut Ctrl + M.

To shrink or extend the whole canvas, follow these steps:

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1. Move you cursor to one edge of the canvas.

Two arrow icons are displayed, and .

2. Click the inward-pointing arrow to shrink the canvas, click the outward-

pointing arrow to expand the canvas.

7.6.4.1 Zoom

To view the complete diagram on your screen, use the zoom icons, and .

o
To make everything on the canvas larger, click .

o
To make everything on the canvas smaller, click .

To return to the standard zoom level and view the diagram in its default size, click

To fit the diagram to your canvas size, click .

7.6.5 Change the element type

Changes that affect the appearance and behavior of an element, but

not its type, can be made in the attribute panel. For example, to
change a task into a script task, you set the attribute Task type to
Skript.

You can change the element type. For example, in BPMN the following trans-
formations are possible:
o task to subprocess
o plain start event to message start event
o collapsed pool to expanded pool

To transform an element, follow these steps:

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1. Select the element you want to transform.

2. Click below the element.

3. Select the new element type.

The element is transformed.

In the following example an exclusive gateway is changed into an parallel gate-

way.

7.6.6 Edit attributes

Modeling elements have several properties you can edit. These properties are
called attributes. You can use attributes to change the appearance of an element
(for example the background color or label). Attributes can also be necessary to
execute a process, for example the decision logic in a DMN diagram is an attrib-
ute.
You edit attributes in the attribute panel on the right side of the editor.
o To change the attributes for one element, select the element and open the
attributes panel.
o To change diagram-wide attributes, click any empty space on the canvas and
open the attributes panel.

The first section of the attribute panel contains custom attributes,

which can be defined by your workspace administrators.

You can change attributes for one element and diagram-wide attributes.

7.6.6.1 Select all elements of the same type

Select all elements of the same type to change them at once.

o To select all elements of one type, select one element and press Ctrl + I. All
elements of the same type are selected.
o To select all elements of multiple types, select elements from each type and
press Ctrl + I. All elements of the chosen types are selected.

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7.6.7 Attributes in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub

Attributes are displayed when diagrams are viewed in SAP Signavio Process Col-
laboration Hub. Which attributes are shown for SAP Signavio Process Col-
laboration Hub users depends on visibility settings for their user group.
Attributes can be populated from a linked diagram if an attribute with the same ID
is available for both the linking element and the linked diagram. For details, see
section Displayed attributes of SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub user
guide.
Your workspace administrator can create attributes with the same ID for different
elements. The workspace administrator guide explains how to do that in section
Add and manage custom attributes.

7.6.8 Next steps

o Format diagrams
o Work with modeling conventions

7.7 Format diagrams

To add clarity and to customize a diagram, you can re-align and resize elements
and change their color, size, label, border and background style.

7.7.1 Align and distribute elements

Use the alignment menu in the toolbar to align or distribute selected ele-
ments.
Select the elements to align or distribute and choose from the following options:

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Alignment Left Aligns elements along their left edges, with the ele-
ment positioned farthest to the left as the reference
element

Alignment Aligns elements vertically through their centers, using

Center the mean value of all centers

Alignment Right Aligns elements along their right edges, with the ele-
ment positioned farthest to the right as the reference
element

Alignment Top Aligns elements along their top edges, with the
highest element as the reference element

Alignment Aligns elements horizontally through their middles,

Middle using the mean value of all middles

Alignment Bot- Aligns elements along their bottom edges, with the
tom lowest element as the reference element

Distribute ele- You need to select at least 3 elements for this func-
ments hori- tion.
zontally Distributes elements evenly on a horizontal axis, the
outer 2 elements keep their position

Distribute ele- You need to select at least 3 elements for this func-
ments vertically tion.
Distributes elements evenly on a vertical axis, the
outer 2 elements keep their position

Same Size Resizes the elements to the size of the largest ele-
ment in the selection

7.7.2 Format elements and labels

You can change the attribute values of an element in the attribute panel to
change its appearance:

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o Change the label either by clicking the element or the attribute name.

o
Change the element color by clicking in the toolbar.

o
Change the border color by clicking in the toolbar.
o Change the color gradient of an element's background to a flat design. To
do this, enable Flat design under More Attributes in the attribute panel.

You can change the labels with the following tools in the toolbar:

o
Change the font size

o
Make the font bold

o
Make the font italics

o
Change the font color

7.7.2.1 Copy and apply formatting

1. Select the element that has the format you want to copy.

2. Click in the toolbar.

3. Select the element you want to apply the formatting to. The copied format-
ting is applied.

To apply the default format to an element, select the element and click .

7.7.2.2 Select all elements of the same type

Select all elements of the same type to change them at once.

o To select all elements of one type, select one element and press Ctrl + I. All
elements of the same type are selected.
o To select all elements of multiple types, select elements from each type and
press Ctrl + I. All elements of the chosen types are selected.

7.8 Work with modeling conventions

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Access to this feature depends on your license.

Modeling conventions make it easier to use a consistent modeling style.

A modeling convention consists of modeling guidelines regarding notation set,
labeling, process structure and diagram layout
With modeling convention checks, you can find out if a diagram violates these
guidelines. You can run a check while modeling or when you save a diagram.
Additionally, you can create a modeling conventions report after a check that con-
tains an summary of the errors. Modeling conventions can be defined by your
workspace administrator.
To run the check, you have several options:

o
Click in the editor toolbar and select the convention.
o Depending on your workspace settings, a prompt for a check when saving a

diagram can be integrated. In this case, click in the save dialog.

o Select Help > Modeling Conventions in the menu of the explorer.

Elements which violate conventions are flagged with an exclamation mark. To

view a short info about the violation, hover over the exclamation mark. Addi-
tionally, the information is summarized in a table below the process diagram.
In the table, click the element to view it in the diagram. If available, click the link

icon for more information about a guideline.

7.8.1 Modeling conventions report

You can create a modeling convention report for one or multiple diagrams in the
explorer. The report contains a summary of violations of modeling conventions
and is generated as an XLSX file.
To create a report, follow these steps:

1. Select Reporting > Modeling Conventions in the explorer.

2. Select the diagrams and modeling conventions you want to include.

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3. Click Start analysis.

An XLSX file is generated.

7.9 Process hierarchies

You create process hierarchies to map the processes on all levels of your organ-
ization.
With value chain diagrams, you can create high-level perspectives on your pro-
cess landscape. The diagram elements are linked in chronological order to show
the hierarchical relationships between processes and process groups. With the
collapsed process element, you can link BPMN diagrams to the value chain dia-
gram.
BPMN is used to map the detailed processes. The processes in BPMN diagrams
are also showing different process levels. You create a high-level overview of a
main process and in separate diagrams you model subprocesses. Then you link
these subprocesses to the main process. We recommend linking subprocesses
with the collapsed subprocess element, which links to subprocesses defined in
separate models.

7.9.1 Next steps

o Value chains
o Create subprocesses

7.10 Create subprocesses

When you create a high-level overview of the main process, you model sub-
processes in separate diagrams and link these subprocesses to the main pro-
cess.
There are two ways to add subprocesses to diagrams, as expanded or collapsed
subprocesses.

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With the expanded subprocess element, subprocesses are shown with the main
process. Since this does increase diagram size and visual complexity, we recom-
mend using the collapsed subprocess element, which links to subprocesses
defined in separate models.

7.10.1 When to use subprocesses

Subprocesses can be complete processes or partial processes. They can only be
executed as parts of a larger process.
You can reuse subprocesses in multiple diagrams. We recommend using a sub-
process in the following cases:
o a part of the process is the same for several processes
o a part of the process is changed often
o a part of the process is executed differently but the main process is the same

A subprocess needs to be a process, with a start and end event. When you have
a complex activity that cannot be meaningfully divided into different tasks, use a
task element in your process model.

7.10.2 Subprocess elements

The notations in which you use subprocesses are usually value chains and
BPMN models. In value chains, you use the Collapsed Process element. In
BPMN diagrams , you use the Collapsed Subprocess element.
Elements that link to other diagrams are marked with a + icon. This is the Col-
lapsed Subprocess element in BPMN:

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7.10.3 Add subprocesses to a diagram

The following descriptions apply to BPMN diagrams, linking diagrams

to elements is similar for other notations.

You have the following options to create subprocesses:

o When you have a complex diagram, you can group parts into subprocesses.
o You can add a Collapsed Subprocess element to your diagram.
o From the subprocess element, you can create a subprocess diagram
that is automatically linked.
o When you already have a subprocess defined, you can add a sub-
process element to the main diagram and link your defined sub-
process to this element.
You can link diagrams in your workspace, or diagrams in other loc-
ations via URL.

7.10.3.1 Group diagram elements into a subprocess

1. Open the BPMN diagram.

2. Select the process elements you want to group. It is possible to select only
one element.

3. Click below your selection and select Collapsed subprocess.

4. Enter a name for the subprocess and click Create linked subprocess.
The subprocess is saved as a new diagram. In the original diagram, a Col-
lapsed Subprocess element replaces the subprocess.

The new diagram is created in the same folder as the original diagram. Refresh
the explorer to view it.

7.10.3.2 Link a diagram to a subprocess element

1. Select a Collapsed Subprocess element in your diagram and click the +

symbol.
The dialog for adding a link opens.

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2. Select one of the options to add a link:

o Use existing diagram: Select the diagram to link in the folder struc-
ture.
o Use web link: Paste the URL to the input field.

3. If the preview is too small, enlarge the dialog.

4. Click Link diagram.

The diagram is linked to the subprocess element.

7.10.3.3 Create a new subprocess from the subprocess element

1. Select a Collapsed Subprocess element in your diagram and click the +

symbol.
The dialog for adding a link opens.

2. Enter a diagram name in the text field.

3. Select the diagram type.

4. Click Link diagram.

A diagram is created and opened in a new tab.

7.10.4 Change linked diagrams

Once you have added a linked subprocess to a process, you can open the linked
diagram from the subprocess element.
In a Collapsed Subprocess element in your diagram, click the + symbol.
A preview of the currently linked diagram is displayed. If the preview is too small,
enlarge the Establish link dialog.
o To open the diagram in a new browser tab, click Open.
o To select a new diagram to link, click Edit link.
o To remove a diagram link, click Remove link.

7.10.5 View linked elements

You can view all related items in the attribute panel in the section Diagram rela-
tions.

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In addition, all items related to a diagram by links are listed when you save a dia-
gram.

7.11 Add Live Insights

With the Live Insights shapes, you can add insights and KPIs you want to monitor
to BPMN diagrams, value chains, and navigation maps.
For that, you add a Live Insights shape to your diagram and link it with a widget
from SAP Signavio Process Intelligence. Users can then view the Live Insights in
SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub.
In SAP Signavio Process Intelligence, thresholds need to be defined for the wid-
gets that are linked to Live Insights shapes. In SAP Signavio Process Manager,
the color of the shape indicates how the current result of the widget relates to the
defined thresholds. The following example shows how the sentiment shape
reflects the current widget result:

The color of a shape is only visible in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub.
In SAP Signavio Process Manager, the shapes stay grey.

7.11.1 Access the Live Insights shapes

For BPMN diagrams and value chains, you find the Live Insights shapes in the
Live Insights shape repository. A workspace administrator can enable this shape
repository for you.
For navigation maps, they are available by default.

7.11.2 Visibility of Live Insights

The visibility of Live Insights in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub is sub-
ject to requirements. Read more in section Visibility of embedded widgets.

7.11.3 Overview over Live Insights shapes

The following Live Insights shapes are available:

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Shape Description Example

Indicator Displays process performance data in form of a plain icon.

Traffic Displays process performance data in form of a traffic light.

Light

Cockpit Displays process performance data in form of an cockpit icon.

Value Displays a value including its unit if a unit is configured in

the widget.
The following applies:
o You can only link a Value widget to this shape.
o In SAP Signavio Process Intelligence, the widget
needs to be configured with SIGNAL code.
o You can't set a manual value for this shape.

Sentiment Displays process performance data in the form of a sentiment

icon.

Trend Displays process performance data in form of a trend icon.

Progress Displays process performance data in form of a progress bar.

bar

Ring chart Displays process performance data in form of a ring chart.

7.11.4 Link a shape to a widget

Follow these steps:

1. In SAP Signavio Process Intelligence, get the ID of the widget you want to
add to your diagram. Read more in section Get the widget ID.

2. In SAP Signavio Process Manager, open your diagram and add or select a
Live Insights shape.

3. Open the attributes panel and paste the widget ID to Driving widget.

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4. In addition, you have the following options:

o Name: Enter a name for the shape.
o Documentation: Enter a description for the shape.
o Additional widget: Add more widgets by pasting their IDs. The wid-
gets are displayed in the details panel of the diagram when users click
the Live Insights shape.
Only the driving widget sets the shape color.

5. Save your diagram.

7.11.5 Use shape with a manual value

Follow these steps:

1. In SAP Signavio Process Manager, open your diagram and add or select a
Live Insights shape.

2. Open the attributes panel and enter the value you want to display in Manual
value.

3. In addition, you have the following options:

o Name: Enter a name for the shape.
o Documentation: Enter a description for the shape.
o Additional widget: Add more widgets by pasting their IDs. The wid-
gets are displayed in the details panel of the diagram when users click
the Live Insights shape.

4. Save your diagram.

7.11.6 Next steps

Get the widget ID

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7.12 Add links to SAP Signavio Process Insights

content
Deep links from SAP Signavio Process Insights standard performance indicators
can be added to diagrams as links in custom attributes.
Read more about using attributes in section Edit attributes.

7.12.1 Viewing linked content

To be able to view the linked content, users need the necessary permissions in
SAP Signavio Process Insights.
Read more in the following sections of the user guide for SAP Signavio Process
Insights:
o User Management
o Roles in Default Role Collections

7.12.2 Next steps

Attributes in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub

7.13 Link to files in diagrams

From a diagram or from diagram elements, you can link to online documents, files
in your document management system, or files in your network.
There are two ways of linking documents to diagrams:
o To access documents from different elements or diagrams, link them to dic-
tionary entries.
o To make the document accessible only from one diagram, use a custom
attribute.

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7.13.1 Use dictionary entries to link documents

We recommend to create dictionary entries to link documents to elements. You
can reuse dictionary entries throughout your process landscape.
To link a document to a dictionary entry, follow these steps:

1. From the explorer, open the dictionary.

2. Add a new dictionary entry or edit an available entry:

o To create a new entry, click New.

o
To open an existing entry, select the entry and click Edit.

3. In Relevant documents, add the link.

The documents aren't uploaded to SAP Signavio Process Man-

ager. Ensure that all users can access the linked documents.

7.13.2 Use a custom attribute to link documents

Custom attributes are defined by your workspace administrator. The name for the
custom attribute used for linking documents is specific to your workspace.
You have several options for adding a file to a diagram:
o You can upload a file to the SAP Signavio file storage.
o You can link to a file in the SAP Signavio file storage.
o You can link to files in your document management system, in your network,
or to online documents.

SAP Signavio Process Manager is not designed as a document man-

agement system. We recommend linking to documents instead of
uploading documents.

To add a link to a document to your diagram, follow these steps:

1. Select the diagram element to which you want to add a linked document. If
you don't select an element, the link is added to the diagram.

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2. Open the attribute panel.

3. In the section Custom Attributes, select the custom attribute used for link-
ing documents in your workspace.

4. Click the icon.

5. Click Add a new document.

6. Select one of the options:

o To upload a file, enable Upload a new pictureand select the file.
o To link to a file in the SAP Signavio file storage, enable Choose a pic-
ture from your file storage and select the file.
o To link to a file in your document management system or in your net-
work, enable Link a file/picture on a web resource or network stor-
age and add the URL.

7. To save, click Add.

7.14 Display attribute overlays

Attribute overlays are attribute visualization layers. With attribute overlays, you
can show attributes directly on the diagram. You can use different icons and col-
ors for overlays.
You can add attribute overlays to diagrams and diagram elements.
Attribute visualization layers are available for the following diagram types:
o BPMN diagrams
o Value chain diagrams
o ArchiMate diagrams
o Organization charts

Attribute overlays are managed by your workspace administrator. They also set
the rules that determine when an attribute overlay is displayed.

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We recommend to add attribute overlays as the last step when editing

a diagram, because when you change anything, you need to add the
overlay again.

7.14.1 Display attribute overlays while modeling

o
To select an attribute overlay, click in the toolbar.

It is possible to display several attribute overlays at once.

7.14.2 Display attribute overlays in SAP Signavio Process

Collaboration Hub
If a diagram contains attribute overlays, the number of available overlays and the
number of visible overlay categories are displayed.
Users can show or hide overlays and select which overlays they want to view.

7.15 Compare revisions

With the diagram and revision comparison tool you can track changes to revi-
sions made to your diagrams. In addition to the Explorer Comparison view, here
you can do the following:
o Compare two revisions of the same diagram side by side with revisions
such as additions, edits, and deletions.
o View changes made by other users on a diagram.
o Approve and apply changes made by other users on a diagram.
o Improve collaboration between users working on a diagram (see section
Collaboration).
o Locate duplicate diagrams after you have imported diagrams to your work-
space (see section Importing).

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7.15.1 Open the diagram comparison tool

You can open the diagram comparison tool in the following components:
o In the explorer, select a diagram or two diagrams you want to compare and
click Edit > Compare revisions/diagrams.
o In the BPMN simulation, editor, and QuickModel, click Diagram comparison in
the user menu.
o In the activity feed, select a diagram revision from the feed and click Open to
Compare.
o In SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub, open the diagram comparison
tool from the diagram actions.

7.15.2 Display options

With the Zoom Slider you can change the size of a diagram. When using the
Zoom Slider, both diagrams move simultaneously. You can navigate to different
sections of a diagram by holding left-click and moving the diagram.
To use the Zoom Slider on an individual diagram revision, disable the Syn-
chronized Scrolling option.

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7.15.3 Select revisions

The comparison view displays all edits made to a diagram in your workspace in
the form of revisions. You can view revisions of a diagram in two ways:
o Using the revision drop-down menu option.
o Using the choose revisions/diagrams option.

7.15.3.1 Using the revision drop-down menu option

To view different revisions of your diagrams using the Revision drop-down menu,
follow these steps:

1. On the first revision window, select the required revision from the Revision
drop-down menu.

2. On the second revision window, select the required revision from the Revi-
sion drop-down menu.

3. The comparison and revision tool displays the selected revisions for the dia-
gram side by side.

7.15.3.2 Using the choose revisions/diagrams option

To view different revisions of your diagram using the Choose revisions/diagram

option, follow these steps:

1. On the diagram and revision comparison tool, click Choose revi-

sions/diagrams.

2. On the Choose revisions/diagrams page, select the diagram and revision

version for Diagram A and Diagram B.

3. Click Compare.

7.15.4 Diagram change information

The diagram comparison displays structural and logic differences between dia-
grams or diagram revisions. Hover over each icon of an element to get more
detailed information.
The following table lists all changes:

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Change Description
Icon
New elements : An element has been added to the diagram.

Changed attribute : Attributes for the element have been changed.

Changes in the Dictionary : A Dictionary entry has been added, removed or

changed on this element.
Changes in roles : The role the element was assigned to has changed.

Deletions : An element has been removed from the diagram.

At the bottom of the window, you find information about the number of changes
for every change category. You can select which changes are shown.

Changes in sequence flows are not included in the comparison.

7.15.5 Next steps

Restore older revisions of a diagram

7.16 Custom graphics

Access to this feature depends on your license.

You can upload custom graphics for use in Customer journey maps, Value
chains, BPMN 2.0 diagrams and navigation maps. Uploaded files must be in SVG
format and individually no larger than 20 KB.

For images uploaded in the explorer, file size is limited to 20 kB for all
notations, including navigation maps. Images uploaded with the image
manager while creating navigation maps have a size limit of 50 kB.

The following elements can be customized:

BPMN 2.0 diagrams

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o IT System
o Additional Participant

Value chains
o Process
o Collapsed process

Customer journey maps

o Persona
o Touchpoint
o Moment of truth
o Customer
o Decoration

Navigation maps
o Images

Custom graphics are tied to the workspace to which they are uploaded. If you
have multiple workspaces and want to use custom graphics in each, you must
upload them separately to each workspace.

Custom graphic files do not count towards the file limit for a work-
space.

7.16.1 Upload custom graphics

Follow these steps:

1. Create or save the image you want to use as an SVG file.

2. In the SAP Signavio Process Manager explorer, open Setup > Define nota-
tions/attributes.
The Define notations/attributes dialog opens.

3. In the Modeling language section, select either customer journey map,

value chain, BPMN 2.0 diagram, or navigation map.

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4. In the Diagram element types section, select the element type you want to
set the custom graphic for. Note that not all elements are able to be cus-
tomized.

5. In the Custom attributes section, click the Custom Graphics tab. Click the
Add button. The Upload Custom Graphic dialog opens, with details about
the upload requirements for SVG files.

6. Click Choose File and select the file you want to upload. The Name field is
prefilled with the file name. A preview of the image is displayed. Edit the
name if you want, and click Add.

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7. SAP Signavio Process Manager performs a validation while your file

uploads, to make sure it fits all requirements (see section Validation criteria
below).
o If the validation is successful, your custom graphic is displayed in a list
in the Custom Graphics tab.
o If the validation fails, a dialog shows you the original image and what
the image will look like after being scrubbed. If the scrubbed image is
fine, click Add scrubbed image.
o If the validation fails, it may also be that the uploaded SVG does not
meet our requirements.

8. Your custom graphic is displayed in a list in the Custom Graphics tab,

where you can now set and use it for modeling.

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7.16.2 Delete custom graphics

Deleted graphics are removed from diagrams.

Follow these steps:

1. In the SAP Signavio Process Manager explorer, open Setup > Define nota-
tions/attributes.
The Define notations/attributes dialog opens.

2. In the Modeling language section, select either customer journey map,

value chain, BPMN 2.0 diagram, or navigation map.

3. In the Diagram element types section, select the element type from which
you want to delete the graphic.

4. In the Custom attributes section, click the Custom Graphics tab. Click
Remove.

5. Confirm in the dialog. The graphic is deleted from the workspace and no
longer available in any diagram.

7.16.3 Validation criteria

SVG is a flexible, powerful file format. However, this flexibility makes it vulnerable
to security exploits. To prevent possible security problems, SAP Signavio Pro-
cess Manager will check each SVG file you try to upload and scrub anything
potentially malicious from the file. It will then show you a preview dialog, so you
can see the differences between the original and scrubbed file. If the scrubbed
file is acceptable to you, you can then continue with the upload.

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The requirements for SVG files are:

o The root element of the SVG must contain the required attributes either width
and height or viewBox. The width and height attributes must be absolute size.
o The attributes of the SVG file must not contain JavaScript in attributes
o The elements and attributes of the SVG file must not contain URLs
o The SVG file must not exceed the size limit of 20 KB
o The SVG file must not exceed the supported complexity of 2000 anchor points

Here is the list of allowed tags and attributes for SVG files:
Tags: "svg", "style", "g", "path", "ellipse", "circle", "polygon", "rect", "line", "poly-
line", "defs", "clipPath", "mask", "use", "radialGradient", "linearGradient", "stop"

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Attributes: "version", "xmlns", "xmlns:svg","xmlns:xlink", "xlink:href", "xlink:type",

"xlink:actuate", "xlink:show", "viewBox", "zoomAndPan", "xml:space", "con-
tentStyleType", "contentScriptType", "preserveAspectRatio", "id", "class",
"name", "style", "transform", "d", "points", "x", "x1", "x2", "y", "y1", "y2", "cx", "cy",
"r", "rx", "ry", "width", "height", "fill", "fill-opacity", "fill-rule", "opacity", "offset",
"stroke", "stroke-width", "stroke-opacity", "stroke-dasharray", "stroke-miterlimit",
"stroke-dashoffset", "stroke-linecap", "stroke-linejoin", "type","clip-path", "mask"

7.16.4 Modeling with custom graphics

Once uploaded, custom graphics can be used in customer journey maps, value
chains, BPMN 2.0 diagrams and navigation maps.
To use custom graphics in a model, follow these steps:

1. Open your existing diagram, or create a new one.

2. Select an element you have defined a custom graphic for.

3. In the Attributes panel under Main Attribute, click the arrow next to the
Image field.

4. Select your custom graphic from the drop-down menu.

Your element changes from the default graphic to the custom graphic you
defined.

Models with custom graphics can be imported, exported and published to SAP
Signavio Process Collaboration Hub the same as standard models.

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8 The dictionary
The dictionary is the central object management repository in SAP Signavio. A
dictionary entry represents an object that is relevant for one or more of your pro-
cesses. With the dictionary you can manage and re-use specific modeling ele-
ments. The dictionary also helps you make sure all your modelers are using the
same terms and the same elements in your organization-specific modeling envir-
onment.
The dictionary is a crucial component to achieve a consistent and well-structured
business objects management in your diagrams.

8.1 Working with the dictionary

Access rights for the complete dictionary and dictionary categories are
set by your workspace administrator. The actions available to you
depend on your access rights.

In the dictionary, you can search, view, create, edit, delete, and publish dictionary
entries.
o To open the dictionary, click the Dictionary folder in the navigation tree on
the left side of the explorer. The dictionary opens in a new browser tab.
o To view a dictionary entry, select it. Its full description, a list of attached doc-
uments, and a list of diagrams referencing that entry is displayed.

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8.1.1 Navigate the dictionary

You can navigate the dictionary by using the dictionary categories.

1. Click the category that you want to display (for example, 'Roles').
2. Use the alphabet links at the top to navigate to the entry you are looking for
faster.

8.1.2 Show where a dictionary entry is used

o To find out where a specific dictionary entry is referenced in your process
landscape, select the entry and click Show usages.

A dialog displays the type and name of the referencing elements, as well as the
names of the referencing diagrams.
With Load next, you can view links to the referencing elements to analyze the
whole chain of references.

8.1.3 Switch the language

If there are multiple languages activated for your workspace, you can switch

between them by clicking the language symbol .

Dictionary entries that have not been translated into the currently selected lan-
guage are displayed in their default language and marked with a country flag.

8.1.4 Full-text search

You can find specific entries with the full-text search.
Follow these steps:

1. Enter your search terms in the search field.

2. Press Enter. The search results are listed. The order indicates the entries'
relevance regarding the search. For example, an entry with your search
terms in the title ranks higher than one with the terms only in the descrip-
tion.

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8.1.5 The activity feed

Similar to the activity feed in the explorer, the dictionary feed allows you to man-
age revisions.

You can expand or collapse the revision feed once you select a dictionary entry.
When selecting a revision in the feed, you can trigger the following activities:
o Restore

Restores your entry to a previous version. This does not delete revisions,
but lets you to switch between them.
o Publishing

Makes this revision available in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub.

By default, the newest revision is automatically published upon creation.
o Unpublishing
Revokes the revision's publication in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration
Hub.

The buttons to publish and unpublish revisions are only active in

categories for which Publishing Mode has been set to Manual .
See Defining custom categories for dictionary entries for
details.

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8.1.6 Manage dictionary entries

8.1.6.1 Create new dictionary entries

To create a new dictionary entry, follow these steps:

1. Click New in the top toolbar. The New Entry dialog opens.
2. In the New Entry dialog box, add the following information:

Parameter Description
Category A number of attributes can be defined for a dictionary
entry. Start with selecting a category for the entry, as
the category can affect the custom attributes available
for the entry. Read more about the configuration of dic-
tionary categories in section Defining custom cat-
egories for dictionary entries.
Language Select a language in the drop-down menu. Attrib-
ute values of dictionary entries can be defined in
multiple languages. Make sure that the title of the
entry is defined in at least one language.
You can link dictionary entries by their name by
typing the title of the entry to be linked and choos-
ing it from the auto-completion drop-down menu.
This is useful if a dictionary entry contains other
dictionary entries in its title. For example, the dic-
tionary entry Prepare loan application for check
by risk manager can reference loan
applicationand risk manager as further entries.
Users who view the diagram in SAP Signavio Pro-
cess Collaboration Hub users can navigate to
these entries via the established references.

Title(man- Enter the name of the dictionary entry.

datory)
Description Enter a short description. You can format this descrip-
tion.

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Parameter Description
Relevant doc- You can attach documents or link to files.
uments
Documents attached to dictionary items are not
updated when the source document is updated.
The dictionary item contains the revision that was
initially attached.

Class name This name is not available by default. An admin-

istrator must enable it.
The class name is relevant when exporting a
DMN diagram to Drools files. When modeling, the
standard name of the dictionary entry is always
used. Read more in section Add export names to
data input objects.

Technical This name is not available by default. An admin-

name
istrator must enable it.
The technical name is relevant when exporting a
DMN diagram to XML or Drools files. When mod-
eling, the standard name of the dictionary entry is
always used. Read more in section Export a
DMN diagram as XML and Exporting DMN dia-
grams as drools rules.

3. Click Create to save the dictionary entry.

8.1.6.2 Edit dictionary entries

To edit an existing dictionary entry, follow these steps:

1. Choose the dictionary entry you want to edit and click Edit. The edit dialog
for dictionary entries opens.
2. Edit the dictionary entry.

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3. Click Save.

If the category of the dictionary term you are trying to edit is set to
automatically update when making changes, the diagram ele-
ments that refer to this entry are updated automatically. This cre-
ates new versions of the diagram. If there are a lot of diagrams
affected, it can take up to 30 seconds to save your changes.

8.1.6.3 Delete dictionary entries

To delete an existing dictionary entry, follow these steps:

1. Select the dictionary entry you want to delete.

2. Click the Delete button in the top toolbar. A confirmation dialog lists the

affected diagrams.
3. Click Yes to confirm deletion.

8.1.6.4 Reference documents

You can reference external documents for a dictionary.

1. Select a dictionary entry and then click Edit. The Edit entry dialog box
opens.
2. In the attribute Relevant documents, select Add a new document. The dia-
log Link files/pictures opens.
3. Select a file from your SAP Signavio Process Manager directories. Altern-
atively, you can upload a new file or picture from your local file storage or
add a link.
4. Click Add. The selected file is added to the dictionary entry.

More about external data sources is described in section Creat-

ing external data sources.

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8.1.6.5 Publish dictionary entries

The following section applies to dictionary entries that are set to

manual publishing mode. By default, dictionary entries are auto-
matically published together with the diagram.

If a dictionary entry was edited without being republished, a warning is displayed

when this dictionary entry is used in the editor.
In that case, make sure that the current dictionary entry is also published when
publishing the diagram.
To publish a dictionary entry manually, follow these steps:

1. Select the entry you want to publish.

2. Open the activity feed at the bottom by clicking Expand.
3. Click the revision you want to publish in the activity feed.
4. In the dialog, click Publish. The dictionary entry is published in SAP Sig-
navio Process Collaboration Hub.

8.2 Use the dictionary while modeling

Access rights for the complete dictionary and dictionary categories are
set by your workspace administrator. The actions available to you
depend on your access rights.

Most dictionary functions can be used directly in the editor.

While modeling, you can do the following:
o Use suggested dictionary entries
o Search for available dictionary entries
o Create new dictionary entries

8.2.1 Use suggested dictionary entries

Available dictionary entries are suggested when you enter a label name.

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This feature supports wildcards (*). For example, typing C*O may
return the entries CIO, CFO, and CEO.

To reuse dictionary entries, follow these steps:

1. Enter a label for the diagram element. While you type, dictionary entries are
suggested below the element.

By default, only dictionary entries whose category type matches the ele-
ment type are suggested.

2. Click an entry to link it to the element. The entry's title is now the element's
label and the attribute values of the dictionary entry are applied. Elements

that reference dictionary entries are marked with the dictionary icon .

8.2.2 Search for available dictionary entries

To find available dictionary entries, use the search below the shape repository.
Follow these steps:

1. Enter a search term. Search results are listed as you type.

2. You can apply a filter to include only specific dictionary categories.
3. When the search was successful, drag the dictionary entry onto the diagram
canvas. The dictionary entry is referenced and its attribute values are
applied to the element.

8.2.3 Create new dictionary entries

You can add new dictionary entries while modeling.
To create a new dictionary entry, follow these steps:

1. Enter the label of a diagram element.

2. Click . The New entry dialog opens.

3. A category for the dictionary entry is automatically preselected, depending
on the element. You can change the category in the drop-down menu.

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4. Enter a short description of the dictionary entry. You can format the text.
5. To add documents to a dictionary entry, click Add a new document and add
the link in the dialog. You can add multiple documents.
6. Click Create.
The dictionary entry is created and the diagram element references this
entry. Elements that reference dictionary entries are marked with the dic-

tionary icon .

New entries are created in the language currently selected for the diagram. To
translate entries, open them in the dictionary. See section Working with the dic-
tionary.

8.2.4 Open dictionary entries

If an element references a dictionary entry, you can view the entry by clicking

.
To edit the entry, click Open in dictionary. The full dictionary entry opens in a
new browser tab.

8.2.5 Remove links to dictionary entries

When you want to link an element to a different dictionary entry, you first need to
remove the current link.
Follow these steps:

1. Open the entry by clicking the dictionary icon .

2. Click Remove link and confirm the removal in the dialog.

8.2.6 Publish dictionary entries

If a dictionary entry is set to manual publishing mode and has been altered
without being republished, the editor displays a warning.
To avoid this, make sure you publish the current entry dictionary along with the
diagram you're creating.

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8.2.7 Overwrite dictionary entries locally

This section describes local changes for attributes. To edit a dictionary entry, see
section Edit dictionary entries.
To specify a value for the current process context, you can overwrite attribute val-
ues from a referenced dictionary entry locally.

Local modifications are not applied to the dictionary. When you over-
write dictionary entries, these changed element properties are no
longer managed centrally in the dictionary. This can cause incon-
sistencies between elements that reference the same dictionary entry.

To overwrite the value of an attribute, follow these steps:

1. Open the attribute panel. All attributes that are defined by a dictionary entry

are marked with the dictionary icon .

2. In the diagram, select the element with the attribute you want to change.

3. Click the attribute value in the attribute panel.

You are warned that local changes do not affect the dictionary entry.

4. Click OK to continue. Depending on the attribute, an editing dialog opens.

5. Enter the attribute value. When the new value is applied, the attribute is

marked with a red dictionary icon .

You can't overwrite a dictionary attribute value with its default

value.

8.2.7.1 Remove local changes

To undo the local change of an attribute value, follow these steps:

1. Open the attribute panel. All attributes with local changes are marked with a

red dictionary icon .

2. Click the red dictionary icon .

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3. The dialog Dictionary entry opens. Here, the local changes and the attrib-
ute in the dictionary entry are shown.

4. To reset the value to the value from the dictionary entry, click Revert.
The reversion is confirmed.

5. Close the dialog with Close.

8.3 Merging dictionary entries

The dictionary allows you to keep all the terms that are often used in your dia-
grams in one easy-to-reference place. However, over time the use of terms can
change, entries with a similar meaning but different description might be added,
and extraneous copies of existing entries might be created when many modelers
work together. Duplication can also happen when importing Signavio archive
(SGX) files, because entries from these files will automatically be added to the dic-
tionary. Regardless of the source, merging dictionary entries will help you keep-
ing the dictionary in good condition.
Follow these steps:

1. Open the dictionary and choose the category the entries can be found in.

2. Choose the first dictionary entry you want to merge. You can select multiple
entries at once.

3. Click Merge Dictionary Entries.

4. Enter the name of the second dictionary entry into the field Add Dictionary
Entry. Use the auto-completion here. You can merge as many entries as
you want using this method.

5. Choose the elements to be added to the resulting entry. Attached doc-

uments, linked dictionary items, and links are added to the target entry auto-
matically.

6. Click Merge and confirm the warning.

The entries are merged. The resulting entry will be displayed, and can now
be edited.

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8.4 Referencing external data sources

To be able to reference external data sources, you need to implement

and configure the corresponding interface first. Read more at
Managing external data sources.

Once an external service has been set up, it can be selected in the dictionary
under Simple Type - External Enumeration of Values .
In the dictionary, all categories that can be used to define input data can have dic-
tionary entries that make use of external data. To be able to define input data for
a category, the check-box Use as DMN input data has to be activated.
To reference an external data source in a dictionary item, use Simple Type in the
Type Definition field and choose ExternalService as Value Domain . Now, the
field Service allows you to select one of the services that have been registered:
When the dictionary item is used in a decision table, the service response will
determine the data type, for example enumeration or hierarchy.

8.5 Recommendations: Dictionary content

management
The dictionary is included with SAP Signavio Process Manager and can be used
in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub and integrated with SAP Signavio
Process Governance. This document explains how to create useful dictionary
content for your workspace, how to maintain the dictionary and how to keep it con-
sistent over time.

8.5.1 Getting started

The initial dictionary contains the default categories and exemplary entries for
most categories. The default categories cannot be deleted. The exemplary
entries give you an idea how entries can look like for the different categories.
You can add custom categories and subcategories.

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 8 The dictionary

While dictionary entries and categories differ from company to company and
between industry sectors, the following four categories are usually useful for all
customers:
o Organizational units
o Roles

o Departments

o External participants

o Documents
o IT systems
o Risks & controls

Often, activities and events are not suitable for standardization across
a workspace and therefore hard to define as dictionary entries. You
can leave the default categories Activities and Events empty.

When you have existing definitions and possible entries for one category or mul-
tiple categories, we recommend that you add these existing content to the dic-
tionary. Dictionary entries can be added one by one using the dictionary
interface. There are two additional ways to add dictionary entries:
o You can import dictionary entries in batches as Microsoft Excel files.
o Dictionary entries can be created while processes are modeled in SAP Sig-
navio Process Manager by your modeling users. We recommend this process
when you have no existing definitions to import.

8.5.1.1 Importing new entries as Microsoft Excel (XLS or XLSX) files

You can import existing definitions into the dictionary as Excel files. You import
one category or one subcategory at a time. For a successful import, the structure
of the Excel file needs to fulfill certain requirements.
To make sure that the structure of the Excel file matches the requirements, export
one of the available dictionary categories and use this file as a template.
Export dictionary entries
Import dictionary entries

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8.5.1.2 Creating new entries in the editor

Every modeling shape provides the option to directly create a new dictionary
entry without leaving the current model. When no preexisting definitions to pop-
ulate the dictionary are available, modelers can fill the dictionary while they are
mapping processes.
Create new dictionary entries

8.5.1.3 Assigning dictionary managers

To keep the dictionary consistent and to avoid the creation of duplicates, we

recommend that you have designated dictionary managers. Only this group of
users should get write permissions to the entire dictionary or specific categories,
for example, you can appoint two managers for IT-systems and two different man-
agers for organizational units.
To enable all modelers to suggest new entries, create suggestion categories. You
can give all users writing access to these suggestion categories. Detailed per-
missions per dictionary category can be set in the user management.
Every dictionary entry has a unique ID that is used to link the entry to an element.
This means the suggested dictionary entries can be used by all modelers while
still in the suggestion category. The link between dictionary entries and modeling
shapes stay intact when dictionary managers change the category of entries.
The dictionary managers should regularly take over entries from the suggestion
categories so that new entries are added to the main categories in reliable inter-
vals. Dictionary managers can subscribe to the suggestion categories to get noti-
fied about changes automatically.
Set access rights for the dictionary
Edit dictionary entries

8.5.2 Avoiding duplicates

There are several ways duplicate entries are created:
o Modeling users create a new entry, but a similar entry already exists.
o When you import Excel files with dictionary entries, the option Create new
entries for all rows is enabled

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o SGX files are imported, with the enabled option to import the contained dic-
tionary entries

When several languages are set for your workspace, users can select a language
for a dictionary entry. This can result in duplicate entries that are not easily recog-
nized because they are in different languages.
When you use suggestion categories and designated dictionary managers, they
should detect duplicates when they move entries out of the suggestion category.
When you import Excel files with dictionary entries, select the options carefully to
avoid undesired results.

8.5.3 Merging dictionary entries

When you have duplicate dictionary entries, you can merge entries so that no
information gets lost.
Merging dictionary entries

8.5.4 Deleting dictionary categories and entries

You can delete dictionary entries and all dictionary categories you have created.
It is not possible to delete the default categories.
Before you can delete a dictionary category, you have to delete all entries in that
category, or move them to different categories. You also have to delete all attrib-
ute definitions used by this category and all dictionary link attributes that ref-
erence the category.
Delete dictionary entries

8.6 Tutorial: How to use the dictionary as a modeler

This tutorial describes how to use the Dictionary as a business process/business
decision modeler.
You will learn how to...
o ...reference and create dictionary objects directly from the modeling canvas.
o ...drag & drop existing dictionary entries as modeling elements from the ele-

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ment repository onto the canvas.

o ...manage changes to diagram elements.

Following our recommendations will increase your modeling speed as well as the
consistency and completeness of your process landscape.
Let's start by creating a new process as part of our example process landscape.
First, we create a pool for our company. The pool ACME AG can be dropped from
the dictionary entry repository on the left side of the modeling canvas. It is directly
available under Frequently used dictionary items :

Drag & drop from the element the dictionary entry repository
In the attribute panel on the right-hand side we can see that element attributes
have been filled in automatically, based on the attribute values of the dictionary
item:

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 8 The dictionary

The attribute values are fetched from the referenced dictionary entry
Subsequently, we want to add the organizational role Approver as a lane.
We are not sure if a corresponding dictionary entry exists, so we simply start to fill
in the corresponding label. As we type, the dictionary entry Approver is sug-
gested as a reference.
We select the entry to assign it to the lane:

Select the dictionary entry you want to reference

If the default Dictionary settings have not been changed, only dic-
tionary items that match the corresponding element type are sug-
gested. In our case, only organizational units and IT systems are
suggested and e.g. no events or activities. IT systems can be ref-
erenced from pools and lanes because they are similar to organ-
izational units in their ability to execute tasks. For example, the task
'Send email' can be executed by both an employee and an IT system.

Now we add a start event and name it Employment contract received

We can assume that this event is only occurring in this one diagram, so we don't
need to create a dictionary entry for it.

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 8 The dictionary

Subsequently, we create the task Review employment contract. No dictionary

entry is suggested by the system. Let's now assume that we need to create the
same task in a different process later on. Thus, we create a new dictionary entry
by clicking the dictionary icon at the lower left corner of the element:

Create a new dictionary entry

The dictionary entry is now available in the dictionary element repository.
The document employment contract already exists:

Reference the dictionary item 'employment contract'

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 8 The dictionary

Now, we want to link the IT system that the approver needs to use. We don't know
which system to use exactly, so we use the filter function of the dictionary ele-
ment repository to gain an overview over our IT systems:

Filter the dictionary for IT systems

We identify Personnel System as the correct IT System and drag it onto the mod-
eling canvas:

We can refer to the steps described above to continue adding elements to our
model.
Generally, we recommend to re-use dictionary entries wherever it makes sense
and to create or reference dictionary entries for all elements that are likely to be
re-used. This prevents duplicates and inconsistent information in your SAP Sig-
navio workspace.
However, when revising the process, we find that the role Approver is too generic
for our purpose:

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 8 The dictionary

The dictionary entry does not provide specific information

To adjust the element, we have three options:
o Edit the element ( not recommended ):
We can edit the attribute documentation and adjust it to a more specific
description.
Before editing the attribute, a warning will appear:

A warning is displayed, as element attribute and dictionary item attribute will no

longer be consistent
After the attribute was edited, a warning icon next to the attribute indicates that
the value is not consistent with the corresponding value of the referenced dic-
tionary item:

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 8 The dictionary

The warning sign indicates the inconsistency between element attribute and dic-
tionary item attribute
However, this procedure is not recommended, as it makes it very hard to detect
the difference between the approver in our current lane and other lanes ref-
erencing the approver object. Moreover, it is no longer possible to centrally man-
age the attribute value via the Dictionary.

8.6.1 Adjust the dictionary entry:

We can click the dictionary item and select Open in dictionary :

Now, we can click Edit and adjust the dictionary entry our needs:

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 8 The dictionary

This option is recommended if the dictionary entry is generally not correct or

lacks information. This does not apply in our case.

8.6.2 Create a new dictionary entry (recommended in our case)

As our approver is a human resource/legal specialist, we need to add more spe-
cific information. However, we can assume that the approver reference in other
diagrams doesn't match our new specification. In that case, we will need to click
the dictionary icon next to the entry and select Remove link :

We confirm the action and rename the lane with a more specific term, for example
Legal approver (HR) . Subsequently, we add a new dictionary entry:

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 8 The dictionary

We recommend to avoid inconsistencies between dictionary entries

and referencing elements and to avoid re-purposing dictionary entries
because of one specific reference . In such cases, the creation of a
new Dictionary is usually the best alternative.

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 9 Modeling notations

9 Modeling notations
In this section, you find the editing features of the different modeling notations:
o Section Business Process Modeling and Notation (BPMN) explains how
to model business process diagrams in the editor.
o With Value chains, you create high-level perspectives on the process hier-
archy in your organization.
o Customer journey maps depict a customer's perspective on a product or
service that contains specific touch points that link customer experience
with process architecture.
o With Decision Model and Notation (DMN), you model decision diagrams to
describe frequently made decisions of an organization. It is also possible to
simulate decisions and define and execute test case for DMN decision
logic.
o Enterprise architecture diagrams enable you to visualize your corporate IT
system architecture within and across business domains. You can learn
how to model in section ArchiMate.
o In addition, SAP Signavio Process Manager supports a set of Further nota-
tions that are of lesser importance in practical process management scen-
arios.

9.1 Business Process Modeling and Notation (BPMN)

BPMN is an industry standard for modeling business processes. The standard is
published by the Object Management Group (OMG) and supported by a variety of
vendors and consultants.
SAP Signavio Process Manager supports BPMN 2.0, including all modeling ele-
ments and attributes. With this version of the standard, you can define activities,
control flow, data flow, organizational dependencies, and system dependencies
of business processes.
The syntax rules of BPMN are enforced by the editor.
SAP Signavio is committed to BPMN, has been and continues to be involved in
the standardization process, and promotes BPMN in industry and academia.

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9.1.1 Model a BPMN diagram

This section describes the special features of modeling a BPMN diagram. Find
more on modeling instructions that apply to all notations in section Modeling.

9.1.1.1 Select a notation subset

By default, multiple subsets for the BPMN notation are available.

Which subsets or which elements within a subset are available to you

depends on the settings of your workspace. Your workspace admin-
istrator can customize the subsets.

To select a notation subset, follow these steps:

1. From the explorer, open your diagram.

The editor opens.

2. In the shape repository on the left, select the subset you want to use.
The elements of the subset are displayed in the shape repository. You can
change the subset any time.

9.1.1.2 Modeling elements

The modeling elements correspond to the BPMN standard. Find an overview in

the element guide Business Process Model and Notation: An introductory
guide.
The following elements are additionally available:
o Live Insights
Add insights and KPIs you want to monitor to diagrams, read more in sec-
tion Add Live Insights.
o IT systems
Define artifacts as IT systems.
o Additional participant
Add more participants to an activity.

For the following elements, we provide detailed instructions:

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o Create subprocesses
o Add pools and lanes
o Connect elements with flows
o Work with BPMN connectors
o Attached intermediate events or boundary events

9.1.1.3 Work with BPMN connectors

When connecting two elements, the connector type is automatically determined

according to the BPMN standard. For example, connectors between tasks are
sequence flows, while connectors to annotations or data objects are asso-
ciations.

Add, move, or remove bending points

To show the bending points of a connector, hover over it. You can drag any exist-
ing bending point to a new location.
To add a bending point, click the connector and drag the new bending point to its
location.
To remove a bending point, you have the following options:
o drag the bending point to a location that is on a line with the two neighboring
bending points
o drag the bending point onto a neighboring bending point

Move connector sections

You can move horizontal or vertical connector sections that are between bending
points or between a bending point and another element. To do so, hover over the
connector, click the yellow area, and drag it onto it's new location.

9.1.1.4 Attached intermediate events or boundary events

The BPMN specification uses the term boundary event instead of

attached intermediate event.

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With attached intermediate events, you can react on events that occur during the
execution of a task. For example, if a customer cancels an order while it is still
being processed, the order processing needs to stop and tasks need to be
executed that cancel the order.
o To attach an intermediate event to a task, drag it onto a task. A green border
in the task indicates that the event can be attached. Some intermediate
events, like the link intermediate event, can't be attached to a task.

The following event types are available:

Event type Description

Canceling The occurring event cancels the task and determines how to proceed.

Non-can- The path defined at the event is executed in addition to the executed
celing task.

Attached intermediate events are canceling events by default.

o To change an event to non-canceling, select it and disable the option More
Attributes > Cancel activity in the attributes panel.

Canceling events are displayed with a solid border, the border of non-canceling
events is a dotted line.

9.1.1.5 Change the diagram orientation

BPMN diagrams are horizontally oriented by default.

We recommend to set the orientation before you start modeling.

Changing the orientation can change the diagram layout significantly

and even break the layout. Previous layout states can't be restored.

To change the orientation, follow this step:

o In the attributes panel, under Main Attributes > Diagram orientation, select
the horizontal or vertical orientation.

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9.1.1.6 Check the diagram syntax

You can check the syntax of a BPMN diagram.

o
In the toolbar, click > Check syntax. Errors are shown in the diagram.
To get more details on an error, hover over it.

Further checks are available, read more in section Work with modeling con-
ventions.

9.1.1.7 Next steps

o Simulating BPMN diagrams
o Invite modelers to edit a diagram
o Export a BPMN diagram as XML

9.1.2 Set BPMN attributes

Modeling elements have several properties you can edit. These properties are
called attributes. You can use attributes to change the appearance of an element
(for example the background color or label). Attributes can also be necessary to
execute a process, for example the decision logic in a DMN diagram is an attrib-
ute.
You edit attributes in the attribute panel on the right side of the editor.
o To change the attributes for one element, select the element and open the
attributes panel.
o To change diagram-wide attributes, click any empty space on the canvas and
open the attributes panel.

The first section of the attribute panel contains custom attributes,

which can be defined by your workspace administrators.

You can change attributes for one element and diagram-wide attributes.

9.1.2.1 Frequently used BPMN attributes

BPMN includes a range of attributes. The following table lists the most important
attributes.

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Attribute Elements Default Use

Loop type task, sub- None Standard: task is is executed mul-

process tiple times

MI Parallel: task is executed mul-

tiple times in parallel

MI Sequential task is executed mul-

tiple times sequentially

task None Specifies the task

Task type
Send, Receive, User,

Manual, Service,

Business rule, Script task

Is for com- task, sub- false A compensation activity is used to

pensation process cancel the result of another activity
that has already been completed.

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Attribute Elements Default Use

Is a transaction subprocess false A transaction contains several

activities that must be completed
successfully for the flow to con-
tinue. If any of the activities was
not completed successfully, all of
them must reversed to their original
state.

Is ad hoc subprocess false In an ad hoc subprocess, you

define the steps, but not the order.

Is a call activity task, sub- false A call activity links to a globally

process, defined process or subprocess.
event-sub- The called process controls the
process flow. Non-standard start events are
ignored.

Subprocess ref- subprocess, none The subprocess linked to the ele-

erence event-sub- ment is listed as the reference. Usu-
process ally, a BPMN diagram in the same
workspace is linked.

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Attribute Elements Default Use

Is multi pool false Multiple similar organizations or

instance par- process participants can be con-
ticipant tacted during a process. For
example, project proposals can be
requested by multiple companies.

Condition type sequence Standard After a gateway, one sequence

flow flow can be the default flow that is
followed in case no other condition
is true.

State data object none States can further refine the life
cycle of data objects. You can use
any label for your states. For
example, you can distinguish
between 'new', 'completed' and
'rejected'.

Input/Output data object none Data objects can be read (input) or

written (output) during a process.

input, output

Subprocesses, event-subprocesses and pools can be collapsed and expanded.

9.1.2.2 Add documentation to an element

You can add documentation to an element to include more details. For example,
if a rarely executed task requires instructions, you can add these instructions as
documentation.

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The element documentation can also be accessed in SAP Signavio

Process Collaboration Hub.

To add documentation to an element, follow these steps:

1. In Main Attributes, click Documentation.

2. Click the icon. The documentation editor opens.

3. Enter and format the documentation.

4. Save with Ok.

9.1.3 Responsibility assignment according to RACI

The responsibility assignment matrix RACI is used to represent responsibilities
for activities.
RACI is an acronym for the key responsibilities:
o R for responsible: performs the activity
o A for accountable: approves the activity
o C for consulted: is consulted for the activity
o I for informed: is informed about the activity

Responsibilities can be assigned to diagram elements.

9.1.3.1 Assign responsibilities in a diagram

For BPMN diagrams, there are different ways to assign responsibilities:

o You can use lanes or the element Additional participant.
o You can assign custom attributes to tasks.

Assign responsibilities with lanes and additional participants

Add a lane to set all activities in this lane as responsible (R) in the RACI matrix.
It's not possible to assign additional RACI responsibilities to a lane element.
The element Additional participant can be linked to an activity with the connector
Association (undirected). The connector has the attribute Responsibilities to
assign responsibilities.

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1. Add an Additional participant element to your diagram.

2. Connect the Additional participant and the Task with an Association (undir-
ected) connector.

3. In the Attributes panel, assign one of the four RACI Responsibilities to the
connector.
The responsibility is displayed as the connector label in the diagram and lis-
ted for the activity when you export a RACI matrix.

Assign responsibilities to tasks as custom attributes

To assign responsibilities to tasks, custom attributes for RACI need to

be available in your workspace. Custom attributes can be defined by
your workspace administrator.

1. Select a task in the diagram.

2. Open the attribute panel.

3. In the section Custom Attributes, click the responsibility you want to add.

4. Click the icon.

5. Enter a role. Available dictionary entries are suggested as you type.

6. Select the role from the list. The role is added to the attribute.
You can add multiple roles for one responsibility. Roles that are already
assigned are displayed below the text field.

7. Click Save.
In the diagram, there is no visible change.
When you export a RACI matrix, the assigned responsibilities are listed.

To preview the dictionary entry for a responsible role, click the role.

To open the dictionary entry, click the icon and click Open.

To remove a role, click the icon and click Remove.

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9.1.3.2 Export a RACI matrix

The RACI matrix lists the 4 RACI assignments and an additional responsibility
where no RACI category was used:
o R - Responsible
o A - Accountable
o C - Consulted
o I - Informed
o X- Participates

To export a RACI matrix for one or multiple diagrams, follow these steps:

1. Select Reporting>Responsibility assignment matrix / RACI (XLS).

2. In the dialog, select the diagrams.

When you select multiple diagrams, one matrix including all diagrams is gen-
erated.
When a diagram has no responsibilities assigned, the matrix remains
empty.

3. Click Start analysis.

An XLS file is generated.

9.1.4 Setting key performance indicators (KPIs)

Key performance indicators have to be set for a quantitative analysis. The indic-
ators can be set for task execution probabilities and frequency. They also inform
about cost and execution time.
Diagrams have to be structurally and semantically correct to create a quantitative
analysis. SAP Signavio Process Manager provides tools that allow you to check
the corresponding properties of process diagrams.
KPIs can be set for each element in the Attributes section on the right in the
Editor. Select an element, then click the two arrows above Attributes to extend
the section on the right. The KPI values for the corresponding analyses are set
under Cost and Resource Analysis and More Attributes. Simply click the cor-
responding headlines to expand the KPI settings. When you are finished setting
the KPI values for one element, simply click the next element in the central

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section and add the corresponding values on the right. When you are finished
adding the necessary values to all elements, you can click the arrows on the left
of the grey 'Attributes' header to close the Attributes menu and proceed with the
calculation.
The following attributes are key values for the process cost and resource con-
sumption analyses:
o Frequency (per year): Start Event

Denotes how often a process is started via this entry point. Multiple start
events that represent alternative entry points for the process are allowed.
e.g. "1000"
o Execution (minutes): Task (BPMN), Function (EPC)

Denotes how long it takes on average to complete the task. This value is
required for a resource consumption analysis.
e.g. "2.5"
o Execution costs (currency): Task (BPMN), Function (EPC)

Denotes the costs that come up during the activity. This key value is
required for a process cost analysis.
e.g. "5"
o Probability: Sequence Flow

Denotes the probability for choosing this sequence flow after a decision
gateway/XOR-connector. This is supposed to be a value between 0 and
1.
e.g. "0.2"

'20%' has to be denoted as '0.2'.s

o Cost center: Task (BPMN), Function (EPC)

This is an optional value and represents the cost center for the activity
costs.
e.g. "KS 1008"

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o Apply in calculation: All elements

Uncheck to exclude an element from the analysis.

"yes" / "no"

Floating point numbers are accepted either in the form of "2.5" or "2,5"
but will be automatically converted to the notation of "2,5".

9.1.4.1 Checking completeness

After setting the KPI, you can trigger a check for completeness to ensure that all
required values are present for analysis.

Click the toolbar and select Cost and resource analysis check.
This check might take several seconds.
Some elements may now be marked with one of the following icons:
o The white exclamation mark on orange denotes that key values are missing
for an element. It is also attached to elements that will be ignored during an
analysis, as it is not logically contained in those measurements. (For example,
a sending intermediate message event will be ignored during an analysis.)

This does not interfere with the analysis calculation, but some of the calculations
may not be able to run properly due to missing data.

o The white exclamation mark on red denotes a heavy structural or logical mis-
take. Additionally, some modeling elements preventing an analysis are
marked with this symbol--for example, a complex gateway cannot be included
in a process analysis.

This sign marks that an element interferes with the analysis calculation.
Hover over one of these symbols to get more details about the problem
that occurred.

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Get information about an error

An analysis calculation can be triggered only after all severe mistakes (indicated
in red) have been removed.
After removing them, switch to the Explorer.

9.1.5 Create views

You can create different views for different audiences. In a view, you include what
you want to show an audience and exclude what the audience does not need to
see.
Examples for using different views of process models:
o A model contains both user activities and elements for technical imple-
mentation. The audience wants to focus on the technical implementation.
o A model contains different variants of one process. The audience should
only view one variant.
o A model contains the expected path of a process and a number of excep-
tions. The audience doesn't need to see the exceptions.

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You can create as many views as you need.

9.1.5.1 Create and change views

1. Extend the right panel and scroll to Views. All available views are listed.
o To create a new view, click Create new view.
o To configure an existing view, click the view.
The view configuration opens.

2. In the configuration, select the objects to exclude from a view.

You can preview the result and the original diagram.

3. Enter a name and a description for your view.

4. Click Save changes.

9.1.5.2 Navigate the view configuration

Click and drag a preview to scroll to other areas of the diagram.

Use the zoom slider to zoom in and out of the diagrams.
By default, you move both diagram versions in the preview. To move the dia-
grams separately, disable Synchronous Scrolling.

9.1.5.3 Edit a view

You can exclude all Comments , Data objects, IT Systems, or Roles above the
original view.
o Data objects: contains data objects, data storage and messages
o IT Systems: contains IT systems
o Roles: contains pools, lanes, collapsed pools and additional participants
o Comments : contains all comments on the diagram

You can show or hide each element. In the original view, disable elements to
exclude them from a view.
For pools, you have additional options. Select an option from the drop-down list at
the bottom of the pool.

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o Pool is opened: The pool and its content are included in the view. You can
define view options for all contained elements.
o Pool is collapsed: The pool content is not shown.
o Only content: No roles that are defined by the pool and its lanes are shown.
Message flows attached to the pool are hidden.
o Pool is hidden: Neither the pool nor its content is included in the view. Mes-
sage flows attached to the pool are hidden.

When you uncheck a pool, all elements in that pool are excluded from a view.
To keep the original diagram size and the original placement of the shown ele-
ments, disableReduce free space.
The preview is refreshed after every change.

9.1.5.4 Duplicate a view

To create a duplicate view from an existing view, follow these steps:

1. Click the original view to open it.

2. Edit the view.

3. Click Save as duplicate....

4. Enter a name for the new view and click OK.

A new view is created.

9.1.5.5 Delete a view

1. Click the view to open it.

2. Click Delete view.

3. Confirm the deletion in the dialog.

The view is deleted.

9.1.5.6 Editing views from within the Editor

It is possible to include or exclude diagram elements from one or multiple views

while editing a diagram--without opening the views configuration. This makes it
fast and easy to edit existing views.
o Choose one or multiple elements.

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Changes in the include option can be applied to single or multiple elements

o Behind each view that is stored in the attribute editor. check boxes will appear.
Those can be empty, checked or, if multiple elements were selected, colored
green:

Only some of the selected elements are included in the view, but not all.

Checked
All selected elements are included in the view.

Empty
None of the selected elements is included in the view.
o Check or uncheck the boxes, to add/remove the elements selected from one of
the views.

9.1.5.7 Check views while modeling

When you have views available, you can check while modeling if an element is
visible in a view.

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Open the view panel and click an element. The view which contains the element
is marked.

9.1.5.8 Exporting views

You can include views when you export a diagram as an SVG, PNG, PDF, or a
BPMN 2.0 XML file. The SGX export contains all views for a diagram. Read more
about exporting diagrams in section Exporting.

9.1.6 Risk Management

Access to this feature depends on your license.

In this article, you will learn how to define custom risk management tables in the
Dictionary.

9.1.6.1 Creating risks and controls in the Editor

In SAP Signavio Process Manager, you can document the risks and controls dir-
ectly in your process landscape. This is obtained via the element attribute.

To use this feature, you need to configure it first, see section

Managing risks and controls definitions for details.

To add a risk to a diagram element, proceed as follows:

1. Ensure that you defined Risks and Controls as described in Managing risks
and controls definitions.
2. Select the element.
3. In the attribute panel under Custom Attributes click the defined category.
The Risk Management dialog opens.
4. Enter the name for the risk. While typing a name, the system automatically
proposes possible names of existing risks.

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Suggestions pop up as you type

If you use an already existing risk attribute from the Dictionary, you
can change locally the corresponding value. Please be aware that this
could lead to inconsistency and should be avoided. For more detailed
information see section Overwrite dictionary entries locally.

4. If you decide to create a new risk, you can now enter the risk definition.

The risk definition

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5. For each risk, you can add controls:

Add a control

6. Click in the toolbar to visualize controlled and uncontrolled risks:

To create an overview over all risks and controls, you can create reports, see sec-
tion Risk & controls report.

9.1.6.2 Editing risks and controls in the Dictionary

When you need to update a specific risk or control, you can do this centrally in the
Dictionary. The update will affect all diagrams that reference this risk or control
immediately.
Of course, you can also add new risks and controls in the Dictionary (see Use the
dictionary while modeling).
To add risks and controls to the Dictionary, open the Dictionary and create new
entries of the type Risk or Control:

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Create a new risk in the Dictionary

To ensure your risks and controls definitions are updated when a process
changes, you can employ approval workflows, see section Working with
approval workflows , that enforce a review by a risk management specialist
before a process revision is published in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration
Hub or otherwise released into a production environment.

9.1.7 Migrate diagrams to BPMN 2.0

In SAP Signavio Process Manager you can migrate BPMN 1.2 business process
diagrams to BPMN 2.0. This lets you reuse old diagrams modeled in BPMN 1.2
with new elements from BPMN 2.0.
The diagram content is not changed during this migration.
Follow these steps:

1. Select the diagram you want to migrate.

2. Click Edit > Migrate to BPMN 2.0 in the top drop-down menu of the
explorer.
The diagram can now be edited and saved as a BPMN 2.0 diagram.

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9.1.8 Converting EPC diagrams to BPMN 2.0

SAP Signavio Process Manager allows you to automatically convert Event-driven
Process Chains (EPCs) to BPMN 2.0 diagrams.
To convert one or multiple diagrams, open the explorer, select the corresponding
diagrams and go to Edit - Migrate EPC to BPMN 2.0.
Now, you can decide whether to convert Position/Roles and Organizations to
BPMN 2.0 Pools and Lanes. The system handles the assignment to Pools/Lanes
via the custom Relation attribute Responsibility. To properly assign a function to
a Positions/Role or Organization, you need to set the corresponding attribute
value to responsible:

The system will create empty Pools/Lanes for all Positions/Roles and Organ-
izations that lack a corresponding responsibility assignment.
If you don't activate the corresponding checkbox, the system will convert Pos-
ition/Roles and Organizations to the SAP Signavio-specific BPMN extension
Additional Participant instead.
Click Migrate to proceed.
Configure the converter and start the conversion.

EPC and BPMN 2.0 are not entirely congruent notations. The following
EPC elements cannot clearly be mapped to BPMN 2.0 elements and
are ignored by the converter:
o Letter
o Email
o Fax

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o Phone
o Entity
o Form
o Resource

If you use these elements in your EPC diagrams, we strongly recom-

mend you to review and edit the generated BPMN 2.0 diagrams after
the conversion.

9.1.9 FIM attributes for public administration

This articles introduces the FIM BPMN extensions, which are relevant
for the German public administration. The plugin for the editor is
accessible on request.

The German Federal Ministry of the Interior created a BPMN extension for struc-
turing BPMN-diagrams: the so called FIM attributes (translates as Federal Inform-
ation Management). These attributes equip processes in departments and
sectors of the public administration with reference attributes, to compare them
with more clarity on a national level.
The principle of the FIM initiative is: "The same content should always be
described in the same way."
The attributes refer to common activity types like receive information or decide.
These are activities that occur commonly in the processes of the public admin-
istration, but different local authorities have different ideas of implementing them.
For example: Many local administrations use different forms to receive inform-
ation for public services, although on the basis of these information they have to
decide over the same factual matters. The FIM initiative strives to standardize the
processes to reduce bureaucratic expenditure, using instruments of process man-
agement.
In the BPMN extension, these processes are ordered into groups through FIM.
The reference activity groups are marked with different labels in the top right
corner of a subprocess activity. This makes the the FIM groups easy to recog-
nize.

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You can also use the add-on outside of the public administration context. It is a
useful tool to structure subprocesses and to standardize content that belongs to
the same reference group.

9.1.9.1 Adding an FIM attribute

1. Add a collapsed sub process to the canvas.

2. Select the subprocess and open the attribute menu.
3. Under main attributes, from reference activity groups, select the correct
FIM attribute from the drop-down list.

9.1.9.2 Overview of FIM-attributes

The attribute labels can be used flexibly, but usually they refer to:

1. Receive information describes the arrival of new information or doc-

uments.
2. Provide Information describes the forwarding of information or doc-
uments, especially to external participants (for example civilians or other
enterprises).
3. Check formally describes proving something on the basis of procedural
law.
4. Check materially describes proving something on the basis of sub-

stantive law.
5. Decide refers to a decision based on an expert assessment.
6. Create , for example a new document.
7. Execute participation involves an external participant into the process.
8. Execute other activity is optional, and can be used if no other type
applies.

More information on how to create subprocesses is available in the section

Create subprocesses.

9.1.9.3 Creating attributes for FIM reference activities

1. In the explorer, select Setup > Define notations/attributes.

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2. Select Business Process Diagram (BPMN 2.0) as the modeling language

and Collapsed Subprocess as the element type and click Add in the Cus-
tom attributes section.
3. You can define the attribute name and type.

Read more in section Add and manage notation subsets.

9.1.10 Frequently asked questions

9.1.10.1 How can I add a second lane to a pool?

You can drag lanes from the shape repository in the left panel. Drag the lane onto
the head of a pool and a new lane will be created. Find more information about
pools and lanes in section Add pools and lanes.

9.1.10.2 How can I change the orientation of a diagram (horizontal/vertical)?

You can change the orientation of a diagram in the attribute column under Main
Attributes . Simply click the set value ( horizontal or vertical ) of the attribute Dia-
gram Orientation and change it correspondingly. The Editor will automatically re-
align the elements in the diagram after you confirm.

9.1.10.3 How can I link a document to a task?

Custom attributes can be defined for each modeling element. Open the Explorer,
click Setup and choose Define notations/attributes . Now, select a subset (e.g.
Business Process Diagram (BPMN 2.0) and BPMN (complete)), the diagram ele-
ment type (e.g. Task) and click Add custom attribute . Name the attribute and
choose the data type Link/URL. Click Create .
Whenever a diagram is opened in the Editor, you can select a task and link a doc-
ument to it using the attribute Editor.

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9.2 Customer journey maps

This section describes the customer journey map notation that was
introduced in 2017. The user guide for our new SAP Signavio Journey
Modeler can be found here.

Customer journey maps (CJMs) provide customer-centered entry points to your

business process landscape. CJMs are high-level intuitively readable diagrams
that focus on the customer experience instead of internal processes. They help
you understand how your customers perceive your products and services in the
context of their everyday lives and how their key decisions, which for example
lead to a purchase or churn, are motivated.

9.2.1 What are customer journey maps?

This section describes the customer journey map notation that was
introduced in 2017. The user guide for our new SAP Signavio Journey
Modeler can be found here.

Customer journey maps are graphical representations of the steps a customer

absolves when interaction with your organization. They can include a wide variety
of information, including things like critical decisions, touchpoints, departments
involved, IT systems, or any other points that are specific to your organization.
When creating a customer journey map, you model your organization from the
outside in. Hence, customer journey maps provide customer-centered entry
points to your business process and/or enterprise application landscape.

9.2.1.1 Customer journey map elements

The following sections explain the customer journey map elements you can use
in SAP Signavio Process Manager.

Persona

Personas represent typical customers. A persona's attributes and their asso-

ciated banners define their motivations, goals and pain points, as well as typical
characteristics like preferred media channels and IT savviness.

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A female and a male persona.

Personas can be either female or male, depending on their gender attribute.

Customer

A customer element represents a persona at a specific step of a customer jour-

ney. You can configure customer elements to express their feelings and attitudes
as gestures, for example as a thumbs up.

A customer.

As personas, customers can be either female or male, depending on their gender

attribute.

Outcome

Outcomes define what your customers are trying to get out of their experience.
For example, an outcome of the customer journey of a banking customer might
be obtain loan. Outcomes can be either successes (hoisted flag) or failures (flag
on the ground).

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Successes and failures.

Step

Steps (connected through paths) show the sequence of events at a high level and
form the backbone of a customer journey map around which supporting elements
are arranged.

A sequence of steps.

Path

Paths connect different steps to define the flow of a customer journey.

Touchpoints

Touchpoints represent steps where your customer comes into direct contact with
your brand. Each touchpoint relates to at least one of your business processes
and roles or IT systems. Touchpoints can be either physical (for example: a cash
desk) or virtual (for example: social media).

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Different touchpoints

Moment of truth

Moments of truth are key decision points that can make or break your business’s
chance for succeeding with the customer. They are either barriers (requiring cus-
tomer empowerment) or signposts (requiring a customer decision).

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Moments of truth: barriers and signposts.

Trigger

Triggers start a customer journey. They can be either ideas (inspiration-driven) or

demands (driven by need).

A trigger.

Text

Text labels describe specific customer journey map elements or element groups.

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A text describing a customer's thoughts at a specific journey step.

Banner

Banners are post-it-style notes that contain important textual information about a
customer journey map element or about the customer journey in general. The
icon and default color of a banner depends on the elements type attribute, which
can be idea (light bulb), demand (bell) or goal (flag).

Banners of different types.

Decoration

Decoration elements provide additional visual information to support specific pro-

cess steps. For example, a package decoration element might indicate a delivery.

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Different decoration elements.

9.2.2 Creating and editing customer journey maps

This section describes the customer journey map notation that was
introduced in 2017. The user guide for our new SAP Signavio Journey
Modeler can be found here.

To create a new customer journey map, open the Explorer and click New - Cus-
tomer journey map:
The system opens the Editor with an empty diagram canvas in a new tab.
You can work on the customer journey map like a diagram of any other type.

9.2.2.1 Grouping elements

In order to create groups, you must include one step element.

Grouping elements makes it easier to model your process landscape, because it

lets you move multiple elements together as though they were one single ele-
ment.
You can group elements in one of three ways. In the Editor:

o
Select a set of elements and click in the left bottom corner of the selection
rectangle.

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o
Select a set of elements and click the in the toolbar.
o Select a set of elements and press the shortcut "Ctrl + G"

To ungroup elements, do one of the following in the Editor:

o
Select a group and click in the left bottom corner of the selection rectangle.
o
Select a group and click the ungroup button in the toolbar.
o Select a group and press the Shortcut "Ctrl + Shift + G"

After grouping elements in the Editor, open your customer journey map in SAP
Signavio Process Collaboration Hub. Click on each group and you will see all
information about each element in the group displayed in the annotation.

9.2.2.2 Navigating through customer journey maps

If you publish to or preview your customer journey map in SAP Signavio Process
Collaboration Hub, you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard to navigate
through each step.
To do so, either select a step with your mouse, or simply press the right arrow key
on your keyboard. The step you selected will be highlighted, while the rest of the
map will be greyed out.
If your step contains grouped elements, an information panel with information
about each element will also be displayed for the highlighted step.

9.2.3 Integrating customer journey maps into your process

landscape

This section describes the customer journey map notation that was
introduced in 2017. The user guide for our new SAP Signavio Journey
Modeler can be found here.

In customer journey map diagrams, touchpoints (see section Touchpoints )

depict interaction points between your organization and your (potential) cus-
tomers. In other words, touchpoint elements are entry points to your process and

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application landscape. When creating touchpoints in customer journey maps, you

should reference the business process diagrams, roles and/or IT systems that
are involved in the corresponding customer interaction.

9.2.3.1 Creating custom attributes for the touchpoint element

To allow referencing process diagrams and - in the form of dictionary entries -

roles and IT systems, create a set of custom attributes for the touchpoint element
type (see section Add and manage custom attributes). We recommend creating
the following custom attributes:

Name Description Type As list?

Process Links to the business processes the

Diagram link X
links customer triggers/interacts with

Links to the IT systems through which Dictionary link

IT systems the (potential) customer has contact (Category: IT sys- X
with the brand or organization tems)

Links to the roles through which the Dictionary link

Roles (potential) customer has contact with (Category: organ- X
the brand or organization izational units)

Creating a custom attribute to reference IT systems.

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9.2.3.2 Referencing diagrams and dictionary entries at touchpoint elements

To reference a diagram or dictionary entry at a touchpoint, select the touchpoint

element in the Editor and open the attribute panel. Select the attribute you want
to edit - for example Process links - and add the reference:

Adding a process reference to a touchpoint element.

9.3 Decision Model and Notation (DMN)

Access to this feature depends on your license.

SAP Signavio Process Manager only supports DMN version 1.2.

DMN version 1.2 introduced the diagram element decision service to
the specification. This element is not supported.
You find the specification at https://www.omg.org/spec/DMN/1.2/.

With DMN, you can describe and model frequently made decisions of an organ-
ization, which answer the following questions:
o Which information is required for a decision?
o Are there any preceding decisions?

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o Are there external or internal guidelines?

o What are the dependencies?

DMN is not suitable for modeling strategic decisions.

The notation is designed to be readable by all types of business users in order to
ease collaboration for all stakeholders.
DMN and BPMN diagrams can be linked so that processes can be viewed sep-
arately from decisions, with the advantage that the process is streamlined and
the decision is traceable.
DMN consists of the decision requirements diagram and the decision table.
The decision requirements diagram is the graphical representation of the
decision rule. For example, the diagram below describes what information and
decisions are needed to screen an applicant and decide whether to hire or not.

From the decision table, the appropriate decision is read for each supplied input.
For example, in the table below it is defined whether or not an applicant must
have specific technical knowledge, be fluent in certain foreign languages, and
must have gained experience abroad.

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9.3.1 Next steps

Model a decision
Define a decision logic

9.3.2 Model a decision

Before you start modeling a decision, it is helpful to answer the following ques-
tions:
o Which decisions have to be made?
o What is the goal of a decision?
o Can a decision be split into partial decisions?
o Which requirements are needed to make a decision?
o Is the logic for a decision determined by external laws or internal
guidelines?

Modeling a decision involves the following steps:

1. Create a DMN diagram.

To do so, add decision elements and connect them. Read more in section
Available diagram elements.

2. For each decision, add rules to decision table and define a hit policy.

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Read more in section Define a decision logic. The section also describes
how to create simple literal expressions.
To calculate sums using literal expressions, read more in section Using
advanced literal expressions (functions in DMN decision elements).

3. You can simulate the DMN diagram.

To do so, apply data to it and check the results. Read more in section DMN
simulation.
In addition, you can run test cases to check whether your DMN diagram
meets specific requirements.

Read more in section The DMN Test lab.

4. You can integrate your decision model with a BPMN business process.
Read more in section Link a DMN diagram to a BPMN diagram.

In this section, the diagram elements and editing functions that are only available
for this notation are described.
For general creation and editing options that are available for all notations, read
more in section Modeling.

9.3.2.1 Available diagram elements

In the shape repository, you can choose whether to use the core elements or a
complete set of DMN elements.

Decision

A decision element determines a result based on input data and a decision logic.
Each decision element provides a table for the decision logic. You can open the
decision table by clicking in the decision element.
To describe a decision, use a question-answer-scheme. By default, the attribute
panel provides the attributes Question and Answers for documenting this
scheme for each decision.
You can split a decision into one main and several sub decisions. To do this, you
link several decision elements in the necessary order. Read more in section
Create a sub decision.

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Input data

Via the input data element, you provide information for decisions. One input data
element can be used by multiple decisions and business knowledge models.
If you must model numerous data input elements, you can simplify this by using
the complex data input element. Read more in section Create complex input
data elements.

Business knowledge model

With the business knowledge model element, you add a function containing busi-
ness knowledge, for example, in form of business rules, an additional decision
table, or an analytic model.
Via this element, you can reuse decision logic. Read more in section Reuse
decision logic via business knowledge models.

Knowledge source

With the knowledge source element, you describe the source of rules for a
decision, for example laws, regulations, and guidelines.

Multi instance decision

A multi instance decision is a sub decisions which is executed several times. The
result of a multi instance decision is a value or a list that is used as input for
another decision. Read more in section Create a multi instance decision.

Group

Use this element to group diagram elements that belong together.

Text annotation

Use this element to add information to the diagram or a diagram element.

Information requirement

This connector links any input data or decision element to the decision that
requires the information.

Knowledge requirement

This connector links any business knowledge model that must be used by the
decision logic, to the decision.

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Authority requirement

This connector links any diagram element that acts as a source of guidance or
knowledge to another diagram element.
You can connect an input data element with a dependent knowledge source or a
knowledge source element with any dependent decision.

Association (undirected)

This connector links text annotations to other DMN elements.

9.3.2.2 Create complex input data elements

If a decision requires numerous input data, you must model many input data ele-
ments. You can simplify this by creating a complex input data element in which
you define all input data as attributes.
To create a complex input data element, follow these steps:

1. Select the data input element you want to configure as complex.

2. In the attributes panel, set the value of the attribute Type definition to Com-
plex type.

3. To add attributes to the data input element, click the button next to the
Attributes attribute.

The configuration dialog opens.

4. Type a name and select a type.

Depending on the type, you can define further properties.

5. Confirm with Save.

The attribute is created.

6. To add more attributes, open the configuration dialog again by clicking the
button.

9.3.2.3 Create a sub decision

When a lot of information has to be considered for a decision, you can outsource
part of the information to sub decisions. This makes the diagram easier to under-
stand as the dependencies and input values are easier to see. The logic of each
decision is also easier to define.

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For sub decisions, the decision element is used. To create a sub decision, add a
decision element and connect it with the decision that needs the result of the sub
decision as input.

9.3.2.4 Create a multi instance decision

Multi instance decisions are sub decisions that provide input for other decisions.
They are similar to a for-loop in a computer program: They iterate decisions and
expressions over a selected list. The list is contained within the input data where
the input data is either a list or a complex input data type.
To create a multi instance decision, follow these steps:

1. Add a Multi Instance Decision element to your diagram and name it.

2. Add an Input Data element, which represents the list, and name the ele-
ment.

3. In the attribute panel, define the input data element as a list in the Is list
attribute.

4. Connect the two elements.

To do so, select the multi instance decision element and from its shortcut
menu, drag the connector icon to the input data element.

5. To specify the list over which the multi instance decision must iterate, click
in the element.

The configuration dialog opens.

You can also open this dialog via the Iteration attribute in the attribute
panel.

6. Select your input data element as the input list.

7. Select the aggregation to specify what will happen with the result of the
multi instance decision.

8. Confirm with Save.

In the multi instance decision, an input data element is added representing
the values of the list.
Don't define this element as a list, otherwise the multi instance decision is
set up incorrectly.

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9. Define the internal logic of the multi instance decision.

To do so, add a decision and place it in the multi instance decision. Connect
the decision with the input data element that is also located in the multi
instance decision.
Setting up the multi instance decision is complete.
Now, you can link it to the decision that needs the result of the multi
instance decision as input.

9.3.2.5 Next steps

Define a decision logic

Link DMN elements and diagrams

9.3.3 Define a decision logic

Decision logic specifies the details of a decision. This means you define rules in
form of a decision table or literal expression to describe which combinations of
data lead to certain results. In addition to the rules, you must define what hap-
pens when inputs meet multiple or no rules. This is done by specifying a hit
policy.
In this section, the options for defining a decision logic are explained.
To learn how to specify the hit policy and set the completeness requirement, read
more in section Define a hit policy and the completeness requirement.

9.3.3.1 Define a decision table

Decision logic can be presented as a table. A business rule that exists in your
company is represented by a decision rule in the decision table. All cells in a table
row form a decision rule.
Table inputs are specified in columns. Each input has a specific data type. The
output column shows the result of the applied business rule. Like the inputs, each
output also has a data type.
The decision rule then compares input data with the values in the cells.

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Add rules to a decision table

To create decision rules, you must configure input data in the Inputs column and
map them to output data in the Output column.
Any input data modeled on the canvas is already available when you open
decision table. You can add missing input data by defining input columns in the
table.
All input data defined via the table is added as input data elements to the canvas
when the table is saved. You also need to define decision rules and map the out-
puts.
To define input data and add decision rules, follow these steps:

1. Open the decision table. To do so, select the decision to which you want to
add rules and click .

The decision logic configuration dialog opens.

You can also open this dialog via the Decision logic attribute in the attribute
panel.

2. Configure the input data. To do so, follow these steps:

a. Double-click New Input in the column header, and enter a name for
the input data.
If a dictionary entry exists, you can select it.

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b. Below the input data name, double-click Text, select the type of the
input data, and define its options.
If you have chosen a dictionary entry as data input, it depends on the
entry's configuration whether you need to specify the data type.
The following data types are available:
o Enumeration
o Text
o Number
o Boolean
o Hierarchy
o Date

3. In the same way, configure the output data in the Outputs column.

4. In the same way, you can configure the Annotations column to add inform-
ation to the decision rules.

5. Define the first decision rule:

a. Double-click the left area of the first table cell. A list opens.

b. Select an operator to define the relation between the input and the out-
put.
Read more on operators in section Decision table operators.

c. Double-click the right area of the same cell. Again, a list opens.

d. Select or enter an input value.

e. In the Outputs column, double-click the cell and enter an output value.

6. With the buttons at the top of the table, you can add more rules, input data,
output data, and annotations.

7. To define more rules, you have the following options:

o You can continue defining rules cell by cell as described above.
o With Add rule > Duplicate rule, you can copy and paste existing rules.

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o With Import/Export > Text Import, you can add text-based decision
rules instead of defining the rules cell by cell. Read more in section
Import decision rules to the decision table.

8. Select a hit policy for the decision table and specify the completeness
requirement.
In case of a multi hit policy, you can also select an aggregation. Read more
in section Define a hit policy and the completeness requirement.

9. With Verify, you can check the logic for completeness and consistency.
Below the table, all combinations of input values are displayed that aren't
covered by a decision rule.

10. Confirm with Apply.

Your decision logic is set up.

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Decision table operators

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Operator Symbol Description

Returns true if
equal the input value
For dates: on equals the spe-
cified value.

Returns true if
the input value
not equal
doesn't equal
For dates: not on
the specified
value.

Returns true if
the input value
less
is less than the
For dates: before
specified
value.

Returns true if
the input value
less or equal
is less than or
For dates: until
equals the spe-
cified value.

Returns true if
the input value
greater
is greater than
For dates: after
the specified
value.

Returns true if
greater or equal
the input value
For dates: from
is greater or

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Operator Symbol Description

equal than the

specified
value.

Returns true if
the input value
contains
contains the
For numbers: included
specified
value.

Returns true if
not contains the input value
For numbers: not doesn't con-
included tain the spe-
cified value.

Returns true if
the input value
begins with begins with the
specified
value.

Returns true if
the input value
ends with ends with the
specified
value.

Returns true if
the input value
element of
is also in the
list of the

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Operator Symbol Description

decision table.

Returns true if
the input value
not element of isn't in the list
of the decision
table.

Returns true if
the input list
contains only
elements of and con- and
items the list in
tains only
the decision
table contains
as well.

Returns true if
the input list
contains at
contains any of least one item
the list in the
decision table
contains.

Returns true if
the input list
doesn't con-
contains none of tain any item
the list in the
decision table
contains.

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Operator Symbol Description

Returns true if
the input value
is defined (not
empty) and
valid. For
example, if
you only con-
sider numeric
valid values equal
or greater than
zero, all
numeric val-
ues less than
zero and all
non-numeric
values aren't
valid.

Returns true if
the input value
is defined (not
empty), but
invalid. For
example, if
you only con-
not valid
sider numeric
values equal
or greater than
zero, all
numeric val-
ues less than
zero and all

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Operator Symbol Description

non-numeric
values are
invalid.

Returns true if
the input value
defined
is defined (not
empty).

Returns true if
the input value
not defined
isn't defined
(empty).

Import decision rules to the decision table

Instead of defining the decision rules cell by cell, you can import text-based
decision rules into the table. The columns still need to be configured as described
above. The individual rules can be in the form of a list, separated by the delimiters
tab, semicolon, or comma.
The import function doesn't overwrite or delete existing rules. Imported rules are
always added.
Text-based rules must have the following structure:
o Relational operators like = and <= must be part of the field they relate to.
o For each rule, you need to start a new line.
o The import only supports the following literal expressions:
o not(value)

o not(value1, ..., valueN)

o !=value

To add text-based decision rules, follow these steps:

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1. Open the decision table and click Import/Export > Text Import in the top-
right corner.
The text import dialog opens.

2. Select a delimiter.

3. Either enter the decision rules or copy them, for example from a text file or
spreadsheet, to the editor field.

4. Click Import.
The rules are added to the table. You can add more by opening the text
import dialog again.

9.3.3.2 Define a literal expression

As an alternative to the logic in the decision table, you can define logic via a literal
expression.

If a literal expression is defined, it supersedes the decision logic in the

decision table.

Literal expressions represent predefined logical algorithms or rules that can be

used to automatically create output results for decisions, often but not necessarily
in a formal expression language. You can use literal expressions to add logic that
can't be expressed in the decision table, for example, function calls, interim val-
ues, or list manipulation.
Literal expressions are written in FEEL, the 'friendly enough expression lan-
guage' specified as part of the DMN standard. You can download the spe-
cification along with examples for literal expression use cases at
https://www.omg.org/spec/DMN/1.1/.
To define a literal expression, follow these steps:

1. Select a decision and click .

The decision logic editor opens.

2. Select the Expression tab on the left side and add the literal expression.

3. Confirm with Apply.

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Read more about literal expressions in section Using advanced literal expres-
sions (functions in DMN decision elements).

9.3.3.3 Define an informal expression

If decision logic can't be expressed formally, you can describe it with natural lan-
guage. The description doesn't have to be formal or executable.
To define an informal expression, follow these steps:

1. Select a decision and click .

The decision logic editor opens.

2. Select the Informal expression tab on the left side and add the description
of the decision.

3. Select the data type of the decision logic via the Value domain list in the
upper right corner.

4. Confirm with Apply.

9.3.3.4 Next steps

Link the logic of another decision

Reuse decision logic via business knowledge models
Create dictionary entries for input or output data in decisions

9.3.4 Define a hit policy and the completeness requirement

With the hit policy, you define how your decision table manages inputs that are
handled by several rules and inputs for which no rules are defined. There are two
types:
o Single hit policies produce one result per input. Here, only one rule is
applied at a time, even if several rules exist.
o Multi hit policies produce an array of outputs. Here, all applicable rules are
considered regardless of their position in the table. The resulting output can
be a list or aggregated to a single value.

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With the completeness requirement, you define whether your decision table is
only valid if its rules consider all possible inputs. This means, a table is only valid
if the modeler added rules for all input data. When checking the decision table
with Verify, the completeness is checked as well.
Unique (single) is the default hit policy. Read more in section Hit policy types.
To select another hit policy for a decision table, follow these steps:

1. In a DMN diagram, click in the decision element.

The decision table opens.

2. Click the letter in the upper left corner.

The configuration dialog opens.

3. Select the hit policy. Find details on each hit policy type below.

4. In case of a multi hit policy, select the aggregation:

o Collect (multiple)
o Sum
o Minimum
o Maximum
o Count

5. Select the completeness requirement:

o Complete: A complete decision table is only valid if it considers all pos-
sible inputs.
o Incomplete: An incomplete decision table is valid even if it doesn't con-
sider all possible inputs.

6. Confirm with Save.

The hit policy and completeness is set.

9.3.4.1 Hit policy types

Unique (single)

One input combination is covered by exactly one rule. It's assumed that all inputs
are independent of each other, so any combination is possible. Overlapping rules
are not allowed.

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Unique (single) is the default hit policy. In the decision table, it's indicated with the
letter U.

Any (single)

Multiple rules cover the same combination of input values. This overlap is only
allowed if the rules also lead to the same result.
In the decision table, this hit policy is indicated with the letter A.

Priority (single)

Multiple rules can apply for one input value. The results are ordered according to
their priority. The result with the highest priority is returned.
In the decision table, this hit policy is indicated with the letter P.

First (single)

Overlapping rules are allowed, but only the first applicable rule is used. As the
rules are evaluated from top to bottom, you must sort the rules in the table.
In the decision table, this hit policy is indicated with the letter F.

Collect (multiple)

By default, the collect hit policy collects the outputs of matching rules, but can be
configured to determine the sum, minimum, maximum, or count of matching out-
puts instead.
In the decision table, this hit policy is indicated with the letter C.

Output order (multiple)

Results are ordered by the priority of the output values.

In the decision table, this hit policy is indicated with the letter O.

Rule order (multiple)

Results are ordered by the order of matching rules.

In the decision table, this hit policy is indicated with the letter R.

9.3.4.2 Next steps

Define a decision logic

DMN simulation

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9.3.5 Using advanced literal expressions (functions in DMN

decision elements)
In case you have modeled your first DMN diagram, you are already familiar with
DMN expressions for decision logic, e.g. in the form of a simple smaller than
statement. These expressions are explained in the chapter Model a decision.
You might remember that you selected the corresponding operator from a drop-
down list in the Decision Table Editor.

In many cases, these basic operators are not sufficient.

A simple example is determining a discount based on the total value of a list of
purchased objects.
To determine the sum, we need to use SAP Signavio's advanced literal expres-
sions. The expressions are based on FEEL, the friendly enough expression lan-
guage specified as part of the DMN standard, which you can download as PDF at
http://www.omg.org/spec/DMN/1.0/PDF .
The single commands can be used in combination, like in the following example:
Product((1 - DiscountRate) * Sum(ListOfItemPrices))

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In the example, we calculate the total purchase sum of a list of items, considering
a discount. The variables used here correspond to the data types defined in Input
Data element's attributes and can be set when simulating the DMN diagram.
The documentation of all available expressions can be found at Documentation
of all literal expressions .
Of course, you can also use standard operators ( +, -, *, /, and, or) within literal
expressions.
Consequently, the example above can be expressed more concisely:
(1 - DiscountRate) * Sum(ListOfItemPrices)

9.3.5.1 Using literal expressions in Decision Tables

In our example, we want to determine - as already mentioned above - a discount

based on the total value of all purchased items.
First, create the Purchased items Data Input element. The input should be a list
of numbers of the type currency.
Now create a Decision, connect it to the data input and label it Determine dis-
count. Click the table icon in the upper left corner of the Decision element to open
the Decision Table Editor.

Create a Decision, reference the Data Input element and open the decision table editor.

To activate the literal expression input, click the header and delete the input ref-
erence in the table:

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Delete the input reference to be able to insert a literal expression.

Type in =. An overview over available variables and functions is displayed:

After inserting an initial '=' sign, available variables and functions are displayed.
Suggestions appear as you type. Type in Sum and select the Sum function.
Then, insert the variable PurchasedItems as a parameter of Sum:

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Insert the literal expression 'Sum(PurchasedItems)'.

Now, the decision logic's Input Data is the sum of all purchased items. You can
define the decision logic as usual.
Mind the first hit policy in our example:

Decision logic for determining a discount based on the total sum of purchased
items

9.3.5.2 Using literal expressions instead of Decision Tables

You can also use literal expressions instead of Decision Tables.

For example, you can split a decision into two daisy-chained elements, one with a
decision table and another one with literal expression logic.

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'Calculate total sum' and 'Determine discount' as two separate Decision ele-
ments.
o The first element calculates the total sum of purchased items.
o The second element determines the discount based on the total sum.

We can model the first decision without using a decision table.

Open the decision table editor and switch to the Literal expressions tab. There,
insert the literal expression to calculate the sum of items:

Open the 'Literal expression tab' and insert the literal expression.
Now, the decision element returns the sum of items as a Data Output and can be
referenced by the following Decision element.
If we create complex literal expressions, we can define variables - so called
boxed contexts and reference them in our decision function:

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Manage complex expressions with boxed contexts.

This improves the readability of our literal expressions.

If a literal expression is defined, it supersedes the decision logic in

the decision table.

9.3.5.3 Documentation of all literal expressions

This section lists all available literal expressions, grouped by operation type.

Arithmetic operations

Abs

Abs(number):NUMERIC
Returns the absolute value of a number.
Example: Abs(-5) returns 5.

Count

Count([num1 ,num2, num3]):NUMERIC

Returns the number of elements of the given list.
Example: Count(["item1", "item2", "item3"]) returns 3.

Round

Round(number,digits):NUMERIC
Returns a number rounded to the corresponding number of digits.
Example: Round(3.44,1) returns 3.4.

Ceiling

Ceiling(number):NUMERIC

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Returns a number rounded up to the next integer.

Example: Ceiling(1.3) returns 2.

Floor

Floor(number):NUMERIC
Returns a number rounded down to the next integer.
Example: Floor(1.6) returns 1.

Integer

Integer(number): NUMERIC
Returns the integer part of a number.
Example: Integer(1.34) returns 1.

Modulo

Modulo(divident, divisor):NUMERIC
Returns the remainder of the divident divided by the divisor.
Example: Modulo(4, 3) returns 1.

Percent

Percent(number):NUMERIC
Returns the number divided by 100.
Example: Percent(10) returns 0.1.

Power

Power(base, exponent):NUMERIC
Returns the base raised to the power of the exponent.
Example: Power(2, 3) returns 8.

Product

Product([factor1, factor2, factor3]):NUMERIC

Returns the product of a list of factors.
Example: Product([2, 3, 4]) returns 24.

RoundDown

RoundDown(number, digits):NUMERIC
Returns a number rounded down to the corresponding number of digits.
Example: RoundDown(1.3674, 2) returns 1.36.

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RoundUp

RoundUp(number, digits):NUMERIC
Returns a number rounded up to the corresponding number of digits.
Example: Abs(1.344, 2) returns 1.35.

Sum

Sum([number1, number2, number3]):NUMERIC

Returns the sum of a list of values.
Example: Sum([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) returns 15.

Date & time operations

Day

Day(datetime):NUMERIC
Returns the day part of a datetime.
Example: Day(2015-12-24T12:15:00.000+01:00) returns 24.

DayAdd

DayAdd(datetime, days to add):DATE

Returns the date plus the provided number of days.
Example: DayAdd(2015-12-24T12:15:00.000+01:00, 1) returns 2015-12-
25T12:15:00.000+01:00.

DayDiff

DayDiff(datetime1, datetime2):NUMERIC
Returns the amount of full days between two dates.
Example: DayDiff(2015-12-24T12:15:00.000+01:00, 2015-12-
25T12:15:00.000+01:00) returns 1.

Date

Date(year, month, day):DATE

Returns a date using the standard parameters of a date: year, month, day
Example: Date(2015, 12, 25) returns 2015-12-25.

DateTime

DateTime(day, month, year, hour, minute, second, hourOffsett):DATE

Returns the dateTime using the standard parameters of a data time. The last para-
meter 'hourOffset' is optional.

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Example: DateTime(25, 12, 2015, 12, 15, 0, 1) returns 2015-12-

24T12:15:00.000+01:00.

Hour

Hour(datetime):NUMERIC
Returns the hour part of a datetime.
Example: Hour(2015-12-24T12:15:00.000+01:00) returns 12.

HourDiff

Hour(time):NUMERIC
Returns the amount of full hours between two dates.
Example: HourDiff(2015-12-24T12:15:00.000+01:00, 2015-12-
24T14:15:00.000+01:00) returns 2.

Minute

Minute(time):NUMERIC
Returns the minute part of a datetime.
Example: Minute(2015-12-24T12:15:00.000+01:00) returns 15.

MinutesDiff

MinutesDiff(datetimes1, date2times):NUMERIC
Returns the amount of full minutes between two dates.
Example: MinutesDiff(2015-12-24T12:15:00.000+01:00, 2015-12-
24T13:15:00.000+01:00) returns 60.

Month

Month(datetime):NUMERIC
Returns the month part of a datetime.
Example: Month(2015-12-24T12:15:00.000+01:00) returns 12.

MonthAdd

MonthAdd(datetime, months_to_add):DATE
Returns the datetime plus the number of months.
Example: MonthAdd(2015-10-10T12:15:00.000+01:00, 1) returns 2015-11-
10T12:15:00.000+01:00.

MonthDiff

MonthDiff(datetime1, datetime2):NUMERIC

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Returns the amount of full months between two dates.

Example: MonthDiff(2015-10-10T12:15:00.000+01:00, 2015-11-
10T12:15:00.000+01:00) returns 1.

Now

Now():DATE
Returns current datetime.
Example: Now() could have returned 2015-11-10T12:15:00.000+01:00.

Today

Today():DATE
Returns the current date.
Example : Today() could have returned 2015-11-10.

Weekday

Weekday(datetime):NUMERIC
Returns a number (1 to 7) representing the day of the week.
Example: weekday(2016-02-09T12:15:00.000+01:00) returns 3.

Year

Year(datetime):NUMERIC
Returns the year part of a datetime.
Example: Year(2016-02-09T12:15:00.000+01:00) returns 2016.

YearAdd

YearAdd(datetime, years_to_add):DATE
Returns the datetime plus the number of years.
Example: YearAdd(2016-02-09T12:15:00.000+01:00, 1) returns 2017-02-
09T12:15:00.000+01:00.

YearDiff

YearDiff(datetime1, datetime2):NUMERIC
Returns the amount of full years between two dates.
Example: YearDiff(2016-02-09T12:15:00.000+01:00, 2017-02-
09T12:15:00.000+01:00) returns 1.

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List operations

Append

Append(list, element): LIST

Adds the element to a copy of the provided list. Returns the manipulated copy.
Example : Append([2.5, 5.8, 4.3], 6.7) returns [2.5, 5.8, 4.3, 6.7].

AppendAll

AppendAll(list1, list2): LIST

Adds all elements from the second provided list to a copy of the first one. Returns
the manipulated copy.
Example: AppendAll([2.5, 5.8, 4.3], [2.1, 3.5, 7.4]) returns [2.5, 5.8,
4.3, 2.1, 3.5, 7.4].

Zip

Zip(attributes, values1, ..., valuesN): LIST

Assembles a list of objects out of a list of attributes and multiple lists of values. :
Zip(["id", "value"], [23a3e98, c45da1b], [40, 120]) returns [{id:
23a3e98, value: 40},{ id: c45da1b, value: 120}].

Before version 10.11.0 of the Decision Manager, the values were

passed to the function as a list of lists, for example:
Zip(["id", "value"], [[23a3e98, c45da1b], [40, 120]])
Literal expressions that used the old Zip function have been auto-
matically transformed to the new syntax.

NotContainsAny

NotContainsAny(list1, list2): BOOLEAN

Determines whether list1 contains any element of list2.
Example : NotContainsAny(["item1", "item2"], ["item2", "item3"]) returns
false.

ContainsOnly

ContainsOnly(list1, list2): BOOLEAN

Determines whether list1 contains only elements of list2.
Example: ContainsOnly(["item1", "item2"], ["item2", "item3"]) returns
false.

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AreElementsOf

AreElementsOf(list1, list2): BOOLEAN

Determines whether list2 contains all elements of list1.
Example: AreElementsOf(["item2, item3"], ["item1", "item2", "item3"])
returns true.

Remove

This expression is available only in the Literal Expressions Editor (not in the
Decision Table Editor).
Remove(list, element): LIST
Removes the specified element from the specified list.
Example: Remove(["item1", "item2"], "item1") returns ["item2"].

RemoveAll

This expression is available only in the Literal Expressions Editor (not in the
Decision Table Editor).
RemoveAll(list1, list2): LIST
Removes all elements of list2 from list1.
Example: Remove(["item1", "item2", "item3"], ["item1", "item2"]) returns
["item3"].

Statistical operations

Avg

Avg([number1, number2, number3]):NUMERIC

Returns the average of the values of the given list.
Example: Avg([3,5]) returns 4.

Max

Max([number1, number2, number3]):NUMERIC

Returns the maximum value of the given list.
Example: Max([5, 4, 10]) returns 10.

Median

Median([number1, number2, number3]):NUMERIC

Returns the median value of the given list.
Example: Median([2, 5, 10, 12, 34, 35]) returns 11.

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Min

Min([number1, number2, number3]):NUMERIC

Returns the minimum value of the given list.
Example : Min([5, 4, 10]) returns 4.

Mode

Mode([number1, number2, number3]):NUMERIC

Returns the most frequently occurring value of the given list. Returns the first
(most left) most frequent value, if several values occur most frequently (e.g. two
values appear each two times).
Example: Mode([1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 6]) returns 4.

Text handling

Concat

Concat([text1, text2, text3]):TEXT

Returns the concatenation of the given list of text values.
Example: Concat(["Hello ", "World", "!"]) returns "Hello World!".

IsAlpha

IsAlpha(text):BOOLEAN
Determines whether the text contains only alphabetic characters (A-Z, a-z).
Umlauts and similar characters (e.g.Ä, Å ß) must not be included.
Example: IsAlpha("abcdefg5") returns false.

IsAlphanumeric

IsAlphanumeric(text):BOOLEAN
Determines whether the text contains only alphanumeric characters (A-Z, a-z, 0-
9). Umlauts and similar characters (e.g. Ä, Å ß) must not be included.
Example: isAlphanumeric("abcdefg5") returns true.

IsNumeric

IsNumeric(text):BOOLEAN
Determines whether the text is a valid number containing only plus or minus sign,
digits, commas, and decimal points.
Example: IsNumeric("2.3.5") returns false

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IsSpaces

IsSpaces(text):BOOLEAN
Determines whether the text contains only spaces.
Example: IsSpaces(" ") returns true.

Len

Len(text):NUMERIC
Returns the number of characters in a text string.
Example : Len("five") returns 4.

Lower

Lower(text):TEXT
Returns the text string with all letters converted to lowercase.
Example: Lower("UPPER") returns upper.

Trim

Trim(text):TEXT
Returns the text string with all spaces removed except single spaces between
words.
Example: Trim("Hello World! ") returns "Hello World!".

Upper

Upper(text):TEXT
Returns the text string with all letters converted to uppercase.
Example: Upper("lower") returns "LOWER".

Number

Number(text):NUMERIC
Returns the numerical value represented in the text string. Only a period (.) is
allowed as a separator.
Example: Number("5") returns 5.

Number

Number(text, default_value):NUMERIC
Returns the numerical value represented in the text string. Only a period (.) is
allowed as a separator. Returns default_value if unable to convert text into num-
ber.
Example: Number("5,5", 10) returns 10 (Number("5.5", 10) returns 5.5).

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Mid

Mid(text, start, num_chars):TEXT

Returns the character sequence of the length num_chars from the corresponding
starting position of a text string.
Example: Mid("Hello World!", 6, 5) returns "World".

Left

Left(text, num_chars):TEXT
Returns the character sequence of the length num_chars from the start of a text
string.
Example: Left("Hello World!", 5) returns "Hello".

Right

Right(text, num_chars):TEXT
Returns the character sequence of the length num_chars from the end of a text
string.
Example: Right("Hello World!", 7) returns "World!".

Text

Text(num, format_text):TEXT
Returns a numeric value as a text string in a specific format. The format is spe-
cified by the placeholders # and 0 and a decimal point..
Example: Text(1, "#.000") returns "1.000".

TextOccurrences

TextOccurrences(find_text, within_text):NUMERIC
Returns the number of occurrences of find_text within within_text.
Example: TextOccurrences("can", "Can you can a can as a canner can can
a can?") returns 6.

Contains

Contains(text, substring): BOOLEAN

Determines whether text contains the substring.
Example: Contains("Hello World!", "o World") returns true.

StartsWith

StartsWith(text, prefix): BOOLEAN

Determines whether text starts with the prefix.

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Example: StartsWith("Hello World!", "Hello") returns true.

EndsWith

EndsWith(text, suffix): BOOLEAN

Determines whether text ends with the suffix.
Example: endsWith("Hello World!", "!") returns true.

Logical operators

Not

Not(boolean): BOOLEAN
Negates the input boolean.
Example: Not(true) returns false.

9.3.6 Link DMN elements and diagrams

9.3.6.1 Link a DMN diagram to a BPMN diagram

You can link DMN and BPMN diagrams so that processes can be viewed sep-
arately from decisions, with the advantage that the process is streamlined and
the decision is traceable.
Follow these steps:

1. Open your BPMN diagram and select the task to which you want to link the
decision diagram.

2. In the attribute panel, set the Task type attribute to Business rule.

3. In the task element, click .

The configuration dialog to create a link opens.

You can also open this dialog via the Decision reference attribute in the
attribute panel.

4. You can either create a new DMN diagram or link an existing one.

5. Confirm with Link diagram.

The DMN diagram is linked. To open a preview of it, click in the busi-
ness rule task again.

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Once the BPMN process is published to SAP Signavio Process Collaboration

Hub, users can open the decision diagram in via the BPMN process. With Run
decision, they can then add data to the rules defined in the decision diagram and
determine the result of the decision. For more on simulation, read DMN sim-
ulation.

9.3.6.2 Link the logic of another decision

Instead of adding decision rules to a decision of a DMN diagram, you can integ-
rate the decision logic from another DMN diagram.
To link a decision of another DMN diagram, follow these steps:

1. Open the decision table and click Link on the left side of the dialog.
The configuration dialog to create a link opens.

2. Navigate to the DMN diagram and select the decision you want to link.

3. Confirm with Link diagram.

The decision of the DMN diagram is linked.

In an older version of the decision logic editor, you were able to link a
diagram without selecting a decision. Such a link is incomplete and
can't be read out by the simulation and test lab features. If you find
such a link, always edit it so that it links the decision.

9.3.6.3 Reuse decision logic via business knowledge models

If you want to run a decision multiple times with different data input, you can link it
to a business knowledge model. If you then link the business knowledge model to
other decisions, they can reuse the logic of the linked decision. This is called a
boxed invocation.
Boxed invocations provide decision logic and input type information as a generic
function, whereas decisions directly linked to other decisions provide not only the
input data types, but the specific input data objects.
In the following example, an insurance premium is calculated based on the applic-
ant's and their spouse's risk level. For each person, the same decision logic
determines a different risk level. A link via a business knowledge model allows
calling the linked decision model with different data inputs. In contrast, a direct
link to a decision diagram will fail to distinguish between the two data sources.

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To link a decision to a business knowledge model, click in the business know-

ledge model and select the decision you want to link from the configuration dia-
log.
To reuse the logic of the decision linked to the business knowledge model, follow
these steps:

1. Open the decision table and select the Invocation tab on the left side.

2. Map the linked and the invoked decision's input data.

3. Confirm with Apply.

The boxed invocation is set up.

You can find more information on boxed invocation in the DMN specification at
https://www.omg.org/spec/DMN/1.1/.

9.3.6.4 Next steps

Define a decision logic

Set BPMN attributes
Comparing DMN diagrams and revisions

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9.3.7 Create dictionary entries for input or output data in decisions

A workspace administrator needs to set up a dictionary category of

which the entries can be used for DMN modeling.

To create a dictionary entry for input or output data in decisions, create an entry
in the dictionary as usual. Read more in section Create new dictionary entries.
You need to create the entry in a dictionary category that is activated for DMN
modeling.
You can tell if a category is activated for DMN modeling when its entries have the
following settings:

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Setting Description
Technical If the dictionary entry is used as a data object for input or output
name
data, you can add a domain-specific export name.
This name is used when exporting a DMN diagram as XML or
Drools rules. Read more in the sections Export a DMN diagram as
XML and Exporting DMN diagrams as drools rules.

If the technical name and the class name are set, only the
class name is exported.

Class If the dictionary entry is used as a data definition, you can add a java
name
source reference.
This name is used when exporting a DMN diagram as Drools rules.
Read more in section Exporting DMN diagrams as drools rules.

If the technical name and the class name are set, only the
class name is exported.

Type defin- You can specify the data type, the following options are available:
ition
o Not specified – Modeling users specify the data type in the
decision table.
o Simple Type – Select a type:
o Enumeration
o Text
o Number
o Boolean
o Hierarchy
o Date
o Complex Type – Link one or more dictionary entries and add
simple data types.

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9.3.7.1 Next steps

Define a decision logic

9.3.8 The DMN Test lab

With the DMN Test lab, you define and run test cases in order to check whether a
DMN diagram fulfills certain requirements. For example, you can ensure that dia-
grams still comply with the initial decision logic after being extended, and you can
control the correctness of specific input combinations and outputs in complex dia-
grams.

The DMN Test lab

9.3.8.1 Create test cases

To open the Test lab, select the diagram you want to test in the explorer and click
Edit > Test DMN diagram.
To create a new test case, follow these steps:

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1. Click '#' on the left of the test cases table.

2. Click one of the test case's columns to define all its values. A drop-down dia-
log opens and you can enter the necessary information. Then, click Apply.

Specify the input data of your test case.

3. Click the column that shows the calculated value in red in the Result
column on the right and specify the expected output value(s).

Specify the expected output value(s)

After you have created all necessary cases, you can save them by clicking the
Save button.

To delete a test case, it must be saved first. To do so, click onto the
number of the saved test case(s) you would like to remove, then click
Save.

Each test case is automatically executed as soon as a parameter is changed.

In the following simple case, we want to determine a discount. The only input
parameter here is the purchase value. In the first test case, no value is given for
the expected result as indicated by the red X on the left in the result column. In

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the second case, the actual discount corresponds with the expected result as
indicated by the green check mark icon. In the third case, the expected result is
different from the actual result, as indicated, again, by the red X.

Undefined, passing and failing test cases

9.3.8.2 Inspecting test cases in the simulation tool

Often, you want to find out why a test case is producing a certain output. With the
DMN simulation you can inspect a decision's behavior, for example to see
exactly which rules fire for your input data set. To open the simulation tool, select
a test case and click Inspect in Simulation:

Open a test case in the simulation tool.

Then, the simulation tool applies the input data of your test case automatically.

9.3.8.3 Import and export test cases

To keep test cases when exchanging diagrams between SAP Signavio work-
spaces or using the test cases in other tools, you can export and import the test
cases as JSON files.

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You need to save test cases to be able to export them.

To export test cases for a diagram, open the Test lab and click Export Test
Cases. The file is saved to your browser's download folder. By default, the file is
named after the diagram.
To import test cases, follow these steps:

1. Open the Test lab and click Import.

2. Select the JSON file you want to import and click Open.
The test cases are imported and added to the test cases you have already
created.

9.3.8.4 Import test cases from third-party tools

You can import test cases created in other software tools. To do this, you must
convert the test cases into the format supported by the Test lab. We recommend
creating a template JSON file for test cases and adding the existing test cases to
it.
To create a template, add your test cases, and import the test cases, follow these
steps:

1. Open the Test lab and create a test case as described in section Create
test cases.

2. To get a format template for a test case, enter one example for inputs and
expected outputs.

3. To get the IDs of the values, enter examples for enumerations and attrib-
utes of complex data types.

4. To export the template file, click Export Test Cases.

The file is saved to your browser's download folder.

5. Open the template file in any editor and add your test cases to the
testCases section.

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Before you start customizing the template file, we recommend

creating a copy as backup.

Read more on the file structure in section Structure of a test cases file.

6. Save your changes in the file and return to the Test lab.

7. To import the file with your test cases, click Import.

8. Select the file and click Open.

Your test cases are imported and added to the test cases you have already
created.

Structure of a test cases file

A test cases file is structured as follows:

{
"inputParameterDefinitions": [
{
"id": "DIAGRAM_ID/SHAPE_ID",
"shapeId": "SHAPE_ID",
"diagramId": "DIAGRAM_ID",
"modelName": "MODEL_NAME",
"requirementName": "INPUT_DATA_NAME"
},
...
],
"outputParameterDefinitions": [
{
"id": "DIAGRAM_ID/SHAPE_ID",
"shapeId": "SHAPE_ID",
"diagramId": "DIAGRAM_ID",
"modelName": "MODEL_NAME",
"requirementName": "TOP_LEVEL_DECISION_NAME"
},
...
],
"testCases": [
{
"inputValues": [
{
"type":
"number|string|date|time|datetime|boolean|complex|enumeration|hierarchy|l
ist",
"value": "INPUT_VALUE"
},
...
],
"expectedValues": [
{
"type":
"number|string|date|time|datetime|boolean|complex|enumeration|hierarchy|l
ist",
"value": "OUTPUT_VALUE"
}

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 9 Modeling notations

]
},
{
<ANOTHER TEST CASE>
},
{
<ANOTHER TEST CASE>
},
...
]
}

For convenience, the Test lab export adds name elements, for
example name, modelName, and requirementName, to add context to the
exported file. The name elements aren't imported. However, you must
not change any name element, otherwise the import will fail.
Besides these name elements, all elements in the test cases file are
required, otherwise the import will fail.

Definition of input and output parameters

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 9 Modeling notations

Element Description Type

Array
of
o defin-
inputPara-
ition
meterDefinitions object-
s for
o out- Top level
input
putPara- or out-
put
meterDefinitions
para-
meter-
s

Specifies the ID of the parameter definition

id The ID is composed of the diagram ID and String

the shape ID as follows: dia-
gramID/shapeID

Specifies the ID of the shape

To find the shape ID, open the DMN dia-
shapeId gram in the editor and expand the attrib- String
utes panel. Under More Attributes, the
shape ID is listed as Element ID.

Specifies the ID of the DMN diagram

The diagram ID is part of the URL when
opening the DMN diagram in the editor, for
example id=343056b7ce194785b04-
4efab05cfa92a9 from the URL https://<y-
diagramId our_ String
work-
space>.sig-
navi-
o.com/p/ed-
itor?id-
d=343056b7ce194785b04efab05cfa92a9.

modelName Specifies the title of the diagram as spe- String

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 9 Modeling notations

Element Description Type

cified in the editor

This element is ignored during import.

For inputParameterDefinitions: Specifies

the shape name of an input data element.
require- For outputParameterDefinitions: Specifies
String
mentName the shape name of the top-level decision
element.
This element is ignored during import.

List of test cases

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Element Description Type

Test cases
testCases Top level
object

Specifies the input data

inputValues is bound to the
Array of
input data via the section input value
inputParameterDefinitions. objects,
The order defines the binding: read more
inputValues in section
the first element in inputValues Objects for
is passed as value to the input input and
output val-
data corresponding to the first
ues
element in inputPara-
meterDefinitions.

Specifies the expected output

data
expectedValues is bound to the Array of
output
decision output via the section value
outputParameterDefinitions. objects,
read more
expectedValues The order defines the binding: in section
the first element in expec- Objects for
tedValues is passed as value to input and
output val-
the output data corresponding to ues
the first element in out-
putParameterDefinitions.

Objects for input and output values

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Element Description Type Notes

Array of
o inputValues input or
Top level output
o expectedValues value
objects

Valid values:
o number
o string
o date
o time
Specifies the
data type of
type String o datetime
the input or
output value o boolean
o complex
o enumeration
o hierarchy
o list

The data types

"number", "string",
and "boolean" cor-
respond to stand-
ard JSON data
Specifies the
actual input types.
value String
or output Values of type
value
"date" must be rep-
resented as ISO
formatted strings,
for example "2015-
12-31".

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Element Description Type Notes

Values of type
"time" must be rep-
resented as ISO
formatted string,
for example
"T23:59:59Z" or
"T23:59:59-
02:00".
Values of type "dat-
etime" must be rep-
resented as ISO
formatted string,
for example "2015-
12-31T23:59:00-
02:00".
For values of type
"list", read more in
section List value.
Nesting lists is not
supported.
For values of type
"complex", read
more in section
Complex value.
For values of type
"enumeration",
read more in sec-
tion Enumeration
value.
For values of type
"hierarchy", read
more in section
Hierarchy value.

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List value

JSON example:
{
"type" : "list",
"value" : [ {
"type" :
"number|string|date|time|datetime|boolean|complex|enumeration|hierarchy",
"value" : "INPUT_VALUE"
}, {
"type" : "number",
"value" : "INPUT_VALUE"
}, {
...
} ]
}

Element Description Type

Specifies the data type of a value.

type String
Value must be "list".

Array of
value
objects,
read more
value Specifies the list value objects in section
Objects for
input and
output val-
ues

Nesting lists is not supported.

Complex value

JSON example:
{
"type" : "complex",
"slots" : [ {
"id" : "0",
"value" : {
"type" :
"number|string|date|time|datetime|boolean|complex|enumeration|hierarchy|l
ist",
"value" : "INPUT_VALUE",
}
}, {
"id" : "1",
"value" : {

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 9 Modeling notations

"type" :
"number|string|date|time|datetime|boolean|complex|enumeration|hierarchy|l
ist",
"value" : "INPUT_VALUE",
}
}, {
...
} ]
}

Element Description Type

Specifies the type of a value

type String
Value must be "complex".

Array of
Specifies the attributes of the complex type defin-
slots attribute
ition
objects

Reference to the value of the data type

definition
Since attributes can be renamed and
reordered, the name or the order as shown
in the editor can be misleading. IDs are
id String
assigned when a new attribute is created.
Renaming and reordering doesn't change
the attribute's ID. To determine the correct
ID, export an example test case for each
value.

Value
object,
read more
in section
value Specifies the actual value for the attribute
Objects for
input and
output val-
ues

Enumeration value

JSON example:

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{
"type" : "enumeration",
"value" : "0"
}

Element Description Type

Specifies the data type of a value

type String
Value must be "enumeration".

Specifies the ID of the value of the data type

definition
Since enumeration values can be renamed
and reordered, the name or the order as
shown in the editor can be misleading. IDs
value String
are assigned when a new enumeration value
is created. Renaming and reordering doesn't
change the enumeration value's ID. To
determine the correct ID, export an example
test case for each value.

Hierarchy value

JSON example:
{
"type" : "hierarchy",
"value" : [ "1", "4" ],
}

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Element Description Type

Specifies the data type of a value

type String
Value must be "hierarchy".

Specifies a list of IDs according to the data type

definition, constructing the path from the root of
the hierarchy to the referenced element
Since hierarchy values can be renamed and
reordered, the name or the order as shown in the Array of pos-
value
editor can be misleading. IDs are assigned when itional IDs

a new hierarchy value is created. Renaming and

reordering doesn't change the hierarchy value's
ID. To determine the correct ID, export an
example test case for each value.

9.3.9 DMN simulation

The decision management extension of SAP Signavio Process Manager allows
you to model, manage and better understand complex business decisions. In the
DMN simulation tool, you can simulate business decisions by applying data to the
rules that are defined in a decision diagram. The simulation tool helps you to
understand dependencies between sub-decisions and to identify scenarios for
which no rules have been established.

The DMN Simulation is also available as an additional feature in SAP

Signavio Process Collaboration Hub.

To open the DMN simulation tool, select the diagram in the explorer and click Edit
- Simulate DMN diagram.
Alternatively, you can open the diagram in the editor and use the drop-down
menu in the upper right corner to switch from the Graphical Editor to the Sim-
ulation tool:

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Now, you can start using the simulation tool.

Simulate business decisions.

Select a decision in the diagram, either by clicking on it or by using the dropdown
menu in the top right corner. Then, scroll to the Inputs section and fill in the data
of your simulation scenario. The Outputs section shows the decision output as
computed by the simulation tool. The Wildcard mode toggle affects the eval-
uation semantics. Wildcard mode turned on means that empty input values are
replaced with wildcards, which will, for example, match all conditions in decision
tables. When turned off, empty input values will remain undefined during eval-
uation.

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If the Wildcard mode is activated and one or multiple input parameters

are not defined, the simulation tool will determine the set of possible
output values. This is helpful, for example, if in specific application
scenarios some input values remain unknown.

The progress bars in the decision elements indicates the extent to which data
inputs are defined so far. When scrolling down, you can see a decision table over-
view that highlights the rules that apply in the current scenario:

The rules that apply to the provided input data are highlighted in green.

9.3.10 Comparing DMN diagrams and revisions

The SAP Signavio diagram comparison tool allows you to easily compare two dia-
grams, as well as different revisions of one diagram. In the revision comparison,
details about all changes in a diagram over time are documented.
To open the comparison tool, select a diagram (or, in case you want to compare
two different diagrams and not revisions: two diagrams) and click Edit, then Com-
pare revisions/diagrams in the top drop-down menu of the explorer.
The diagram comparison view opens. The drop-down menu allows you to switch
between diagram revisions:

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To load a different diagram for comparison, click Choose revisions/diagrams in

the upper right corner of the tool and select both diagrams to be compared in the
dialog.
Clicking the pen icon of a changed element gives you detailed information about
the adjusted element properties.
To narrow down the changes, you can deactivate one or multiple check boxes in
the panel below the canvas and exclude changes made to attributes or to specific
element types:

To learn more about the basic usage of the diagram and revision comparison
tool, read the section Compare revisions. The following section explains how to
extract DMN-specific information from the comparison tool.

9.3.10.1 Comparing Data Inputs

To view the changes made to a Data Input element, select the element to see the
exact changes.

9.3.10.2 Comparing Decision Tables

To view the changes made to a Decision Table, select the element to access an
overview of the changes.
Then, click the compare link to compare the tables:

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In the tables, all changes are highlighted.

9.4 Value chains

With value chains, you can create high-level perspectives on your process land-
scape.
Each modeling element in a value chain represents a process or process group of
a specific business unit. You can link the elements in chronological order and
show the hierarchical relationships between processes and process groups.

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For value chains, no official specification or set of syntax rules exist. To keep
value chains simple and easy to read, you can link the elements of a value chain
to other process models.
In this section, the diagram elements and editing functions that are only available
for this notation are described.
For general creation and editing options that are available for all notations, read
more in section Modeling.

9.4.1 Available diagram elements

9.4.1.1 Process

The process element represents a business process within your organization.

9.4.1.2 Collapsed process

The collapsed process element represents a business process that is linked to

another process diagram.
You can create links to the following diagram types:

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o value chain diagrams

o BPMN diagrams
o event-driven process chains
o customer journey maps

To link the collapsed process element with a new or existing process, click the +
symbol in the element.

9.4.1.3 Group

Use this element to group processes that belong together.

9.4.1.4 Process link

Use this element to create a hierarchy of process elements and process group
elements.

9.4.1.5 Text note

Use the text note to add information to the diagram or a diagram element.

9.4.1.6 Association

Use the association to connect a text note to any diagram element.

9.4.2 Additional editing options

9.4.2.1 Change element orientation

To change the orientation of a process element or collapsed process element,

select it and click at the bottom. You have the following options:

o Left to right
o Right to left
o Top down
o Bottom up
o Rectangle

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9.4.2.2 Rotate text

To rotate text in a diagram element, select the element and in the attribute panel,
choose a rotation value for the Text direction attribute.

9.4.2.3 Add Live Insights

You can add Live Insights shapes to display the result of a SAP Signavio Process
Intelligence investigation in a value chain. Read more in section Add Live
Insights.

9.5 ArchiMate

Access to this feature depends on your license.

In SAP Signavio Process Manager, you can model enterprise architecture dia-
grams in the ArchiMate notation, an open enterprise architecture modeling lan-
guage for describing, analyzing, and visualizing enterprise architectures within
and across business domains.

9.5.1 What is ArchiMate?

Access to this feature depends on your license.

ArchiMate is an open enterprise architecture modeling language for describing

and visualizing enterprise architectures within and across business domains.
Developing enterprise architecture descriptions enables you to base require-
ments and stakeholder concerns regarding your IT and business systems on
formal and uniform models.
ArchiMate is a lightweight but comprehensive language that enables you to
define the architecture of your business and IT systems using a service oriented
view model. It allows you to see your process architectures over time. This is help-
ful in many areas, such as transformation and migration planning.
The complete ArchiMate specification can be found here:
http://pubs.opengroup.org/architecture/archimate3-doc/

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An example of an ArchiMate enterprise architecture diagram

9.5.2 Creating and editing ArchiMate diagrams

Access to this feature depends on your license.

To create an ArchiMate diagram, open the Explorer and click New > ArchiMate
3.0. Your browser will open a new tab with the ArchiMate diagram canvas.
You can switch between different ArchiMate element sub sets using the drop-
down menu in the shape repository. You can drag and drop elements onto the
canvas. You can also use the interactive context menu to add more elements.

To save the diagram, click in the toolbar.

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Find instructions on how to edit diagrams in the sections Add and connect ele-
ments and Move and change elements.

9.5.2.1 Linking ArchiMate to BPMN diagrams

You can easily link BPMN diagrams to ArchiMate's Business Process objects.
Once you have created the business process object in ArchiMate, select the ele-
ment and click the attribute Business process reference in the attribute panel.

Alternatively, you can click in the upper right corner of the Business Process
object.
Now, a dialog opens from which you can either create a new diagram or link an
existing one:

Link a BPMN diagram to an ArchiMate 'Business Process' object

9.5.2.2 Using the dictionary with the ArchiMate Editor

Within the ArchiMate Editor it's easy to make use of the dictionary, see The dic-
tionary for details.

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The dictionary is modeling language-independent, meaning you can access

entries you created from BPMN diagrams in ArchiMate and vice versa.

9.6 Case Management Model and Notation (CMMN)

Access to this feature depends on your license.

The feature is only available on request. Please contact our SAP Sig-
navio service experts on the SAP ONE Support Launchpad.

CMMN is a notation that was created to allow more flexibility in the business pro-
cess landscape. SAP Signavio Process Manager supports CMMN version 1.1.

9.6.1 About CMMN

In a business process that has variation, it may be more efficient for a case
worker to determine the sequence in which to perform a set of tasks. For
example, a hotel guest may always go through the same process when checking
in and checking out, while the regularly tasks to clean the room may vary from
day to day.

A CMMN model for maintaining a hotel room

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In general, many BPM scenarios include actions that may diverge from the com-
mon sequence flow, within a framework of set tasks. CMMN supports the flex-
ibility of these workflows. The notation is designed for scenarios when a case
worker can decide in what order tasks or sequence flows shall be performed. A
CMMN sequence flow may be triggered by an event (event listener), a state (mile-
stone) or with an action (task).

9.6.2 CMMN in SAP Signavio Process Manager

In SAP Signavio Process Manager, you can model the standard framework of the
corresponding process in a BPMN diagram and then link a BPMN sub-process to
a CMMN diagram that defines flexible sequences. You can also change a task in
a BPMN diagram to a sub-process that links to a CMMN model, to define a num-
ber of flexible actions more accurately.
You can seamlessly integrate CMMN into BPMN and DMN-diagrams, to com-
plement your existing process landscape. CMMN allows you to more accurately
model highly variable processes, such as working with patient files or managing
customer support processes.

9.6.3 Creating and editing CMMN diagrams

You can create CMMN diagrams in the explorer like any other diagram and edit
them in the Editor. This chapter explains the CMMN Elements and their alignment
options on the modeling canvas. See Modeling to learn about modeling diagrams
with the Editor.

9.6.3.1 Creating a CMMN diagram

To create a new CMMN diagram in the explorer, click New > Case Management
Diagram (CMMN 1.1). The Editor opens with a blank modeling canvas, ready for
you to edit the diagram.
Starting with a blank canvas in the Editor, you can add elements from the Shape
Repository.

9.6.3.2 Case plan items

You can use the following elements from the shape repository to model your
CMMN diagram.

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Case plan model

The case plan model contains the case model. The case plan model encloses
the whole diagram. You can place the element first and resize it with the growing
diagram by dragging its lower right corner, or you can model the case and place
the case file element when you have finished adding and connecting the other dia-
gram elements.
To label the file, enter a name into the ‘naming slip’ at the top left of the element.
You can also attach an exit criterion to the case plan model to indicate that the
incoming sequence flow ends and completes the case.

A CMMN diagram, enclosed in a ‘case plan model’

Task

Tasks are the central elements in CMMN and BPMN notations. A task models a
single action that needs to be performed. In addition to the ordinary task, there
are five different types of task elements in CMMN:

1. Non-blocking human task

2. Blocking human task
3. Process task
4. Decision task
5. Case task

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The model can depict each task as an ordinary task element or as a dis-
cretionary task, which is not obligatory and may be performed at the case
worker’s discretion.
o A non-blocking human task does not stop the sequence flow. In the case
model, the task does not take any time to perform. The task is complete at the
same moment it starts, and the sequence flow continues unstopped. All other
tasks are ‘blocking’ by default.

A ‘non-blocking human task’

o A blocking human task stops the sequence flow until it is completed.

A ‘blocking human task’

o A process task links to a BPMN diagram. To link a diagram, click the symbol in
the upper left corner of the element. To learn more, see Integrating CMMN dia-
grams .

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A ‘process task’

o A decision task links to a DMN diagram. To link a diagram, click the symbol in
the upper left corner of the element. To learn more, see Integrating CMMN dia-
grams.

A ‘decision task’

o A case task links to another CMMN diagram. To link a diagram, click the sym-
bol in the upper left corner of the element. To learn more, see Integrating
CMMN diagrams.

A ‘case task’

Discretionary task

Every task type mentioned above also exists as discretionary task in the CMMN
1.1 definition. This means that the case worker may decide whether to perform
the task for that case.

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In SAP Signavio Process Manager, you can create a discretionary task by cre-
ating an ordinary task of the necessary type, for example a non-blocking human
task and defining it as discretionary. Select the corresponding task and open the
Attributes panel on the right. Click the Discretionary attribute and activate the
checkbox.

When checking the box, the ordinary task transforms into a discretionary task.

Stage

Stages divide cases into subdivisions. You can group sequence flows, tasks
and/or (sub-)stages into a stage.
o You can also define a stage as a discretionary stage. Select the cor-
responding stage and open the Attributes panel on the right. Click the dis-
cretionary attribute and activate the checkbox.
o An expanded stage can contain sequence flows of tasks and/or (sub-)stages.
You can change a stage’s size by dragging its bottom-right corner.
o A collapsed stage is linked to another CMMN diagram. In contrast to tasks,
collapsed stages’ linked diagrams may also just contain single sequence flows
that do not define a whole case.

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An expanded stage.

A collapsed stage is linked to the ‘Procure parts’ BPMN diagram.

Milestone

Milestones are sub-goals within the process model. They indicate that a certain
point or stage within a case has been reached or completed.

A milestone element

Sentries

You can attach the diamond shaped entry criterion and exit criterion symbol
(called ‘sentries’) to any task, milestone, stage or case file. There, they define
dependencies or the direction of the sequence flow. Sentries do not need to be
attached to other elements - they may also stand alone within a sequence flow.
o The entry criterion indicates that the incoming sequence flow(s) directly
attached to the sentry is/are necessary to be finished before the sequence flow
can continue.
o The exit criterion indicates when a plan item is complete and in what direction
(s) the sequence can continue. A sequence can continue when the following

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action is available or a data object has been created. an exit criterion attached
to a case plan model indicates that the arriving sequence flow closes the case.

In this example, the claim analysis starts when a claim with more than €100,000
has arrived and the claim information document is available. The check finishes
when a claims evaluation report has been created:

The entry and exit criteria mark the beginning and the end of this stage

You can attach several sentries of one type to an element. Each sentry defines its
own entry or exit criteria for its element. Two or more sentries of one type
attached to one element define a logical ‘or’ relationship, while several sequence
flows attached to one sentry form a logical ‘and’ relationship.
If all workflows of one entry criterion have arrived at the element, the cor-
responding task can be performed. If several criteria have to be met, more than
one sequence flow can be attached to one sentry element. Similarly, you can
attach several exit criteria to an element. All sequence flows that exit one sentry
will be executed, unless a discretionary task follows.

Event listeners

A listener waits for something to happen, usually to then trigger a new sequence
flow.
o A event listener waits for an event to occur.
o A timer event listener waits for a certain amount of time to pass, or until a
defined time.

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o A user event listener waits for user input, such as a completed form in a web
user interface.

The event listener, timer event listener and user event listener elements (left to right)

Case file item

A case file item represents a data file or document that contains information that
is relevant to the case, such a patient file. Use a connector to attach a case file
item to another element, to show that the other element’s execution uses its data.
It can also function as a trigger or a result and thus can stand at the beginning or
at the end of a sequence.

A case file item related to a task

9.6.3.3 Other elements

Connectors

A connectors between CMMN elements defines a relation. An entry criterion or

exit criterion defines the sequence flow direction or association.
o A simple connector links different (non-discretionary) elements togther.
o A discretionary association links a discretionary task to another CMMN ele-
ment.
o An annotation association links a text annotation to another CMMN element.

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A connector, a discretionary association and an annotation association (top to bottom)

Plan fragment

A plan fragment contains a group of elements that exist outside the cases’
runtime. Plan fragments are discretionary, as indicated by the dotted lines. Also,
elements contained inside the plan fragment may contain sentries or be part of a
sequence flow, but a sentry or sequence flow may not be attached to a plan
fragment. A plan fragment essentially contains everything that has no other place
but needs to be in the case model.

A plan fragment containing three tasks

Planning table

A planning table signifies that discretionary tasks are present. A collapsed plan-
ning table indicates that discretionary tasks are not displayed, whereas an expan-
ded planning table indicates they are shown.
A (collapsed) planning table (default) signifies that collapsed (or hidden) dis-
cretionary tasks are present in the diagram. The hidden tasks are not modeled in
SAP Signavio Process Manager. Instead, the modeler attaches the planning
table to a stage, human task (only) or case plan model to signify that (hidden)
discretionary tasks are available.

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To hint that modeled, visible discretionary tasks are available in the cor-
responding stage or plan fragment, add an expanded planning table to the ele-
ment by unchecking the box defining the collapsed attribute in the attribute
panel.

A (collapsed) planning table attached to a stage

Text Annotation

A text annotation contains additional textual information about the diagram, an

element or a group of elements.

9.6.3.4 CMMN Attributes

The following attributes can be set in the attribute panel by checking or uncheck-
ing the value of the corresponding element. When the value is enabled, an icon
will appear on the corresponding element or the elements appearance will
change, as depicted below.
o The discretionary attribute can be set for all kinds of tasks and stages. If the
attribute is activated, the task/stage may be performed if the case worker
decides it is necessary. Plan fragments are by default discretionary, this can-
not be changed as it is a pre-defined condition in CMMN.
o The autocomplete attribute can be set for stages and case plan models.
o The manual activation attribute can be set for all kinds of stages and tasks. If
the attribute is activated, the corresponding element has to be triggered manu-
ally.

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o The repetition attribute can be set for milestones, stages and tasks. If the
attribute is activated, the case worker will evaluate if the task needs to be
repeated every time it is finished. If the result is ‘yes’, the task will be repeated.
o The required attribute can be set for milestones, stages and tasks. If the
attribute is activated, the corresponding action needs to be completed for the
sequence flow to continue or the containing element to be completed.

Unactivated and activated attributes in SAP Signavio Process Manager (left to right): dis-
cretionary, manual activation, repetition, required, autocomplete

9.6.4 Integrating CMMN diagrams

You can seamlessly integrate CMMN diagrams with DMN and BPMN diagrams in
your process landscape. You can, for example, embed a CMMN model in a
BPMN process by use of the BPMN sub-process as depicted below. This allows
you to model the static part of a process in BPMN and only depict the flexible part
in a CMMN model.

9.6.4.1 Linking to a diagram in a CMMN model

To add a diagram link to a CMMN model, first add the corresponding CMMN ele-
ment:
o Process Task - to link to a BPMN diagram
o Decision Task - to link to a DMN diagram
o Case Task - to link to a CMMN diagram

Click the symbol in the top left corner of the diagram element and select a dia-
gram of the corresponding type in the dialog that appears or choose to create a
new one. Click Link diagram to confirm.
If you chose to create a new diagram, the editor opens in a new tab, ready for you
to edit the new diagram. After modeling the new diagram, save both the new one
and the CMMN model the new diagram is now linked to.

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9.6.4.2 Linking to a CMMN model in a BPMN model

To add to CMMN model link to a BPMN diagram, add a collapsed subprocess

and click the + -symbol at the bottom of the element. In the dialog that opens,
choose a CMMN model or create a new one by choosing Case Management Dia-
gram (CMMN 1.0) at the top under Create new diagram. Click Link diagram to
confirm.
If you chose to create a new diagram, the editor opens in a new tab, ready for you
to edit the new diagram. After modeling the new diagram, save both the new one
and the CMMN model the new diagram is now linked to.

Linking a new CMMN diagram to a BPMN Subprocess

You can also link CMMN diagrams in value chains the same way to create com-
plete process levels that also show in classic SAP Signavio Process Col-
laboration Hub. For more information on diagram hierarchy levels in your process
landscape, see Create subprocesses.

9.7 Navigation maps

With navigation maps, you create graphical process views. Similar to value
chains, you create high-level perspectives on your process landscape. Nav-
igation maps are more flexible than value chains or other modeling languages
and don't follow a strict standard. You can upload custom images to use as mod-
eling elements.

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All elements except Live Insights can link to diagrams, folders, or URLs.
The most common use case is creating a navigation map that matches your cor-
porate identity as an entry diagram for SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub.

9.7.1 Manage navigation maps

9.7.1.1 Create a new navigation map

You can create a new navigation map in different locations:

o In the explorer of SAP Signavio Process Manager, click New and select
Navigation map from the drop-down list. The editor opens with a blank can-
vas.
o In SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub, click Create and select Nav-
igation map. The editor opens with a blank canvas.

9.7.1.2 Publish navigation maps

To make content available for all users in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration
Hub, it needs to be published.
You can publish navigation maps in different locations:
o In the explorer of SAP Signavio Process Manager. See section Publishing
diagrams in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub.
o In SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub. See section Publish and
unpublish diagrams.

9.7.1.3 Next steps

Navigation map elements

Open and save diagrams

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Manage folders and diagrams

9.7.2 Navigation map elements

This section describes the navigation map elements and their options. All ele-
ments except Live Insights can link to diagrams, folders, or URLs.

9.7.2.1 Text

Follow these steps:

1. Drag a text frame onto the canvas.

2. Double-click the frame to add or edit the text.

3. In the Attributes panel, you can add an outgoing link to the text element,
see section Add links to elements.

4. To format the complete text, use the toolbar.

Bold

Italic

Change font color

9.7.2.2 Shapes

You can add the following shapes:

o Triangle
o Rectangle
o Ellipse
o Arrow
o Line

Some formatting is possible from the toolbar, for details see section Editor tool-
bar and keyboard shortcuts.
Additional formatting options are available in the Attributes panel, for example
border style.

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For details how to move and change a shape, see section Move and change ele-
ments.
In the Attributes panel, you can add an outgoing link to a shape, see section Add
links to elements.

9.7.2.3 Live Insights

With the Live Insights shapes, you can add insights and KPIs you want to monitor
to BPMN diagrams, value chains, and navigation maps.
For that, you add a Live Insights shape to your diagram and link it with a widget
from SAP Signavio Process Intelligence. Users can then view the Live Insights in
SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub.
In SAP Signavio Process Intelligence, thresholds need to be defined for the wid-
gets that are linked to Live Insights shapes. In SAP Signavio Process Manager,
the color of the shape indicates how the current result of the widget relates to the
defined thresholds. The following example shows how the sentiment shape
reflects the current widget result:

The color of a shape is only visible in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub.
In SAP Signavio Process Manager, the shapes stay grey.
Read more about Live Insights in section Add Live Insights.

9.7.2.4 Images

You can upload custom images to use in navigation maps. All images available
for navigation maps are in the Image Management.
Images for upload need to be in the SVG format. To prevent possible security
problems, each SVG file you want to upload is checked. Read more about the val-
idation criteria in section Validation criteria.
Images uploaded with the image manager while creating navigation maps have a
size limit of 50 kB for each image file.

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Upload images

o Only images available in the Image Management can be added

to navigation maps.
o Images that have been uploaded can only be deleted by your
workspace administrator.

Follow these steps:

1. Click Add image.

2. Select one or more images to upload.

3. Review your upload in the dialog.

4. Click Confirm.
The images are available for adding to the navigation map.

Add an image to the navigation map

Follow these steps:

1. If necessary, search for the image.

2. Drag the image onto the canvas.

3. To change the size of the image, click the bottom right corner or top left
corner and drag the corner.

Images are always scaled in proportion.

4. In the Attributes panel, you can add an outgoing link to an image, see sec-
tion Add links to elements.

9.7.2.5 Add links to elements

You can add links to all elements in a navigation map except Live Insights. You
can link to another diagram or folder in your workspace, or you can link to a URL.
You add the link in the Attributes panel.
Follow these steps:

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1. Open the Attributes panel.

2. In the Link row, click the right column and then click . The dialog for
adding a link opens.

3. Select one of the options:

o Create a new diagram: Select the type of diagram. The editor opens
with a blank canvas.
o Use existing diagram or directory: Select a diagram or a folder to link
in the folder structure.
o Use web link: Paste the URL to the input field.

4. Save with Link.

In SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub, elements with a link show a move-
ment effect when users hover over them.

9.7.2.6 Next steps

Move and change elements

Format diagrams
Editor toolbar and keyboard shortcuts

9.8 Further notations

SAP Signavio Process Manager supports a comprehensive set of modeling nota-
tions. This article lists the ones that are typically not relevant for the most com-
mon use cases.

9.8.1 Organizational charts

Organizational charts outline the internal structure of a company. Illustrating a
company this way shows the internal hierarchy and how each role relates to oth-
ers in the same organization.

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9.8.2 Choreography diagrams

Choreography diagrams depict the details of complex collaboration between pro-
cess participants. This allows for an analysis of how information is exchanged
and how participants coordinate their actions. Choreography diagrams are part of
the BPMN standard, but are not widely used. We recommend staying with BPMN
process diagrams.
For more information on Choreography diagrams, see the OMG BPMN spe-
cification document.

9.8.3 Conversation diagrams

Conversation diagrams focus on communications between process participants.
They allow for the viewing of relationships at a glance. Conversation diagrams
are part of the BPMN standard, but are not widely used. We recommend sticking
to BPMN process diagrams when modeling process participant interactions.
For more information on Collaboration diagrams, see the OMG BPMN spe-
cification document.

9.8.4 Event-driven process chains

Event-driven process chains (EPC) are used to model business processes. EPCs
capture and visualize processes, but are - unlike BPMN - not executable. EPCs
generally focus on the lower levels of the process hierarchy (operational
sequences of processes). While EPCs were popular in some European countries
in the late 90s and early 2000s, they have now been eclipsed by BPMN, which is
more appealing to both business users and technical experts. We don't recom-
mend using EPCs.
For more information on EPCs, see this page.

9.8.5 UML use case diagrams

Use case diagrams are used to view what actions can be performed col-
laboratively between systems and users. They are a part of the UML (Unified
Modeling Language) standard.
For more information on UML use case diagrams, see this page.

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9.8.6 UML class diagrams

Class diagrams show the properties, methods, and relationships of a system's
classes. They are commonly used to describe object-oriented programing code.
They are a part of the UML (Unified Modeling Language) standard. The SAP Sig-
navio Support Team can activate UML class diagrams for your workspace on
request.
For more information on UML class diagrams, see this page.

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10 Modeling with QuickModel

This section describes all options for this function. Which options are
available depends on your license.

QuickModel makes capturing BPMN processes very fast. With QuickModel, you
enter information about a process into a table. A process diagram is dynamically
generated from this table.
QuickModel is only available for BPMN processes.
Use QuickModel in the following cases:
o to create BPMN diagrams even if you are unfamiliar with the modeling con-
ventions
o to speed up diagram creation for complex processes by modeling the main
path first
o to see at a glance if information is missing in an existing BPMN diagram and
to add it with low effort

With QuickModel you can do the following:

o model one sequence of tasks including the start and end events
o specify the organizational unit for the pool and assign participants to tasks
in lanes
o specify main attributes for tasks, for example IT systems and data artifacts,
as well as custom attributes

Additional BPMN elements, such as decisions and parallel sequences, can be

added later in the graphical editor.

10.1 QuickModel editor overview

In the QuickModel editor, you create BPMN 2.0 diagrams by entering process
information into a form and a table.

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1 Toolbar The toolbar provides the following functions:

o Save: Save the diagram
o Undo: Remove last actions
o Redo: Redo undone actions

2 Process The main attributes of the diagram are displayed.

details
To display also the custom attributes, click Show more
process attributes.

3 Activities Tasks and some of their main attributes are displayed

as columns.

4 Diagram pre- A dynamic preview of the diagram is generated and

view
updates with each change.
To pin the preview area to the bottom of the browser

window, click .
You can zoom in and out the diagram with the slider on
the left.

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10.1.1 Show or hide task attributes

To customize the activities list, click and select the columns you want to dis-
play. To set the selection as your default, use Save as default.

10.1.2 Main attributes for tasks

What? Name of the task

Who? Participant or role assigned to the task
For each role, a lane is created in the diagram.

How? Description of the task

IT Systems IT system used when executing the task

Input documents Required data artifact

Output documents Created or modified data artifact
Execution costs Costs required to execute the task
Costs Center Department to which the task costs are allocated
Execution Time Time required to execute the task

10.2 Create a diagram with QuickModel

To create a diagram with QuickModel, follow these steps:

1. To create a diagram with QuickModel, you have the following options:

o In the explorer of SAP Signavio Process Manager, click New > Quick-
Model.
o In SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub, click Create > Quick-
Model.
The QuickModel editor opens in a new tab.

2. Specify a name for the diagram and its main attributes:

o Organization: Name used for the pool
o Start: Start event of the process

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o End: End event of the process

o Documentation: Description of the diagram

3. With Show more process attributes, you can also specify the diagram's
custom attributes.

4. Under Activities, add the tasks of your process and specify their attributes,
read more in section Add tasks and specify attributes.
The diagram preview updates dynamically.

5. Confirm with Save.

The diagram is saved.

You can close the diagram or open it in the editor. To open it, open the user
menu in the top right corner and click Graphical Editor.

10.2.1 Add tasks and specify attributes

The order of the tasks in the table corresponds to the order of the tasks
in the diagram.

Follow these steps:

1. Double-click a cell in the What? column and type the task name.
Read more on the meaning of the columns in section Main attributes for
tasks.

2. Continue with one of the following options:

o To add another task, press Enter.
o To specify an attribute of your first task, press the tab key.

You can customize the columns in the activities list, read more in section Show or
hide task attributes.

10.2.2 Link dictionary entries

While you type the name of tasks and attributes, dictionary entries can be sug-
gested. To link a dictionary entry to the task or attribute, select the entry and
press Enter.

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Linked dictionary entries are indicated with .

When a task is linked to a dictionary entry, you can rename the task. This has no
effect to the dictionary entry. Renaming doesn't work for attributes.
How to create dictionary entries is described in section Working with the dic-
tionary.

10.2.3 Reorder the tasks

You can't change the order of tasks in the activities list. You can only add a task
between two existing ones. To do so, select the lower task and click Add activity
above.

10.2.4 Remove a task

To remove a task, select it in the activities list and click Remove activity.

10.2.5 Next steps

o Add and connect elements
o Model a BPMN diagram
o Inviting stakeholders to comment on a diagram
o Publishing diagrams in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub

10.3 Edit a diagram with QuickModel

You can edit BPMN diagrams in the QuickModel editor even if they weren't cre-
ated with QuickModel.
The tabular activities view provides an overview of the tasks and attributes. This
way, you can quickly check diagrams for completeness and add missing tasks
and attributes.

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10.3.1 Editing options

You can add, rename, and remove the following elements in the QuickModel
editor:
o diagram attributes
o tasks and collapsed subprocesses
o roles
o task attributes

To add a task, click the plus sign in the first column, double-click the first cell in
the new row, and specify the name.
To edit any element, double-click the cell and apply your change. Confirm with
Enter or the tab key.
You can't change the order of tasks in the activities list. You can only add a task
between two existing ones. To do so, select the lower task and click Add activity
above.
To remove a name for a task or an attribute, select the cell and press the Del key.
To remove a task with its attributes, click Remove activity.

10.3.2 Collapsed suprocesses

Existing collapsed subprocesses are displayed and can be edited like tasks.

10.3.3 Editing limits for non-linear diagrams

In the QuickModel editor, editing of diagrams with decisions and multiple task
flows is limited as follows:
o Roles can't be edited. The Who? column is then marked with an asterisk.
o You can only rename tasks, you can't add or remove tasks.

10.3.4 Open a diagram in the QuickModel editor

To open a diagram in the QuickModel editor, you have the following options:

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o Select the diagram in the explorer of SAP Signavio Process Manager and
click Edit > Edit QuickModel.
o Go to the diagram in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub and click

> Edit with QuickModel. Read more in section Actions.

10.3.5 Toggle between graphical and QuickModel editor

To switch from the graphical editor to the QuickModel editor and back, use the
options QuickModel and Graphical editor in the user menu.
Read more on the graphical editor in section Editor overview.

10.3.6 Link dictionary entries

While you type the name of tasks and attributes, dictionary entries can be sug-
gested. To link a dictionary entry to the task or attribute, select the entry and
press Enter.

Linked dictionary entries are indicated with .

When a task is linked to a dictionary entry, you can rename the task. This has no
effect to the dictionary entry. Renaming doesn't work for attributes.
How to create dictionary entries is described in section Working with the dic-
tionary.

10.3.7 Next steps

o Add and connect elements
o Model a BPMN diagram
o Inviting stakeholders to comment on a diagram
o Publishing diagrams in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub

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11 Simulating BPMN diagrams

With the BPMN simulation tool you can visualize process runs and analyze pro-
cesses based on step-by-step, configurable one-case, and multiple-case scen-
arios. This provides information about cost, cycle times, resources, and
bottlenecks in your processes.

Modeling users who only have read access to a diagram can use the
BPMN simulation tool, but can't manage the diagrams simulation scen-
arios.

Simulating BPMN diagrams can help to increase process awareness and can
answer specific questions like:
o How much does a process run cost on average?
o How are costs distributed over roles and tasks?
o How much would 10% more of case X instead of case Y affect the cost?
o Is the bottleneck in this process?
o How much of everyone’s time is consumed in this process?
o How would 20% more requests affect the cycle time?
o Would an another risk analyst speed up the cycle time?

The simulation tool only works with BPMN 2.0 diagrams.

11.1 Access the BPMN simulation tool

You can access the BPMN simulator in two ways:
o Open explorer, select a model and click Edit > Simulate BPMN Diagram.
o When you have opened a diagram in the editor, QuickModel or the diagram
comparison tool , expand the user menu and click Simulation.

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11.2 BPMN simulation tool functions

The simulation tool has the following functions:
o Step-by-step simulation: Step through the process element by element and
focus completely on the process flow.
o One-case simulation: Simulate one specific case to analyze costs and time
consumption for the case.

Access to this feature depends on your license.

o Multiple-case simulation: Simulate multiple process runs, taking into

account configured probabilities and analyzing quantitative data and bot-
tlenecks.

To create and manage simulation scenarios, read the Managing simulation scen-
arios section.
You can export the results of the multiple case simulation as an XLS spread-
sheet, read the Exporting simulation results section.
If you're unsure what specific metrics in the simulation results mean, read the
Simulation result metrics section.
In case you encounter issues with the BPMN simulation tool, read the
Troubleshooting issues with the BPMN simulation feature section.

11.3 Step-by-step simulation

With the step-by-step simulation function you can go through a process element
by element and focus completely on the process flow.
You can start the step-by-step simulation without any configuration.

11.3.1 Run the step-by-step simulation

Follow these steps:

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1. Open the BPMN simulation tool. Read the Access the BPMN simulation
tool section.

2. Select the Step by Step function.

3. Click Play.

4. Click through the process flow step-by-step.

When passing an exclusive (XOR) gateway, determine the next sequence
flow, by clicking the required path.

5. Click Restart to restart the step-by-step simulation.

11.4 One-case simulation

Access to this feature depends on your license.

With the one-case simulation function you can simulate one specific case and
analyze costs and the time consumption for that case.
Before running the one-case simulation, configure a scenario on which the sim-
ulation is based on. Read the Managing simulation scenarios section.
During the simulation, the simulation tiles display the overall costs, total cycle
time and resource consumption at the current position in the process (left
column) and of the complete previous run (right column). The bottleneck tile is
only relevant for multiple-case simulations.
o Cycle time: Refers to the amount of time between start and completion of a
process while
o Resource consumption is the overall time process participants committed
to process execution.

11.4.1 Rub the one-case simulation

Follow these steps:

1. Open the BPMN simulation tool. Read the Access the BPMN simulation
tool section.

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2. Select the One case function.

3. Select a scenario and click Play.

The BPMN Simulator automatically goes through the process flow step-by-
step.

4. When passing an exclusive (XOR) gateway, select the next sequence flow.
If you don't select the next path, the simulation continues and selects a path
automatically (based on the probabilities given) when the timer symbol on
the top right of the element completes.

5. For detailed quantitative information on the current run, click More.

11.5 Multiple-case simulation

Access to this feature depends on your license.

With the multiple-cases simulation function you can simulate multiple process
runs which take into account the configured quantitative figures and analyzing
quantitative data and bottlenecks.
Before running the multiple-case simulation, configure a scenario on which the
simulation is based on. Read the Managing simulation scenarios section.
During the simulation, the simulation tiles display the overall costs, total cycle
time, resource consumption, and bottlenecks at the current position in the pro-
cess (left column) and of the complete previous run (right column).
o Cycle time: Refers to the amount of time between start and completion of a
process.
o Resource consumption is the overall time process participants committed
to process execution.

11.5.1 Run the multiple-case simulation

Follow these steps:

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1. Open the BPMN simulation tool. Read the Access the BPMN simulation
tool section.

2. Select the Multiple Cases function.

3. To configure the duration of the simulation, click Duration.

4. Enter the required number of days and click Save.

5. Select a scenario and click Play.

The BPMN Simulator analyzes the selected scenario and displays the res-
ults in the process diagram and on the simulation tiles.

6. For detailed quantitative information on the current run, click More.

7. To simulate the another run through of all process instances in the pre-
viously calculated scenario, click Play.

11.5.2 Simulation outcomes

The following table shows simulation outcomes on a diagram after running the
multiple-case simulation:

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Simulation out-
Description
comes

Waiting
instances
Waiting instances display as blue dots placed above the ingoing
sequence flow.

Running
instances
Running instances display as blue dots within the border of a
task.

Completed
instances
Completed instances display as a stack next to corresponding
task.

11.5.3 Simulation result metrics

After running the multiple case simulation, result metrics are available for the cur-
rent run of the simulation.
The following metrics are available:
o Costs
o Total cycle time
o Resource consumption
o Bottlenecks

To access the metrics, click the required metrics simulation tile.

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11.5.3.1 Costs

The multiple case simulation calculates the average, minimum, maximum, and
total costs. The simulation determines all cost types based on the simulation res-
ult. To access the Costs metrics, click the Costs tile.
The following table discusses the descriptions for each table in the Costs tile:
Table Description
Costs The table displays the average, minimum, maximum and total costs for selected
process instance.
Costs The table displays the costs for every task of your process. It includes average,
per task minimum, maximum and total costs for each task.

11.5.3.2 Total cycle time

The multiple case simulation calculates the average, minimum, maximum and
total cycle times. As for the costs, the simulation determines the cycle times
based on the simulation result. To access the Total cycle time metrics, click the
Total cycle time tile.

The total cycle time can exceed the simulation time span. This can hap-
pen for two reasons:
o Your resources can't handle cases fast enough and process
instances get delayed.

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o The cases that occur in the last hours / minutes of your sim-
ulation time frame exceed the time frame before they are com-
pleted.

The following table discusses the descriptions for each table in the Total cycle
time tile:
Table Description
Cycle Time The cycle time of a process instance is overall time needed for each process
instance to complete from start to finish. The table shows the selected pro-
cess instance's cycle times as well as the total sum of all run cycles.
Execution The execution times of activities executed within a process instance
times incl.
resources can be influenced by the availability of resources as well as working
and waiting schedules. The table shows the pure execution time taken for each
times activity including the time waiting for missing resources and the time
taken due to working schedules. Waiting times due to missing
resources are listed as bottlenecks and are available under Bot-
tlenecks tile.

Execution The table shows how long the execution time took for each activity
times incl.
waiting including the working schedules and excluding all available
times resources. The values are the pure execution times of tasks in addi-
tion to the time a task had to wait because the assigned resource
were unavailable.
For example, If a task with a duration of 60 minutes was assigned to
a user, then while executing the task the user takes a 30 minute
break, the execution time incl. waiting times would increase to 90
minutes instead of 60 minutes.

Pure exe- Within a process instance, several activities are executed. These values are
cution the actual execution times of tasks where someone is actively working on the
times tasks. The execution can occur sub-sequentially, delayed or in parallel. The
table displays how long the pure execution time took for each task.

11.5.3.3 Resource consumption

The resource consumption lists the consumed time and the workload for each pro-
cess resource.

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The consumed time is the total time a resource spends on executing activities.
The workload is the percentage of the available time a resource is occupied with
executing activities.
To access the Resource consumption metrics, click the Resource consumption
tile.
The following table discusses the description for the table in the Resource con-
sumption tile:
Table Description
Resource con- The execution of activities is performed by resources. The table shows
sumption the workload of all resources in your scenario. For each resource the con-
sumed time and workload information is displayed.

11.5.3.4 Bottlenecks

A bottleneck occurs when a resource's limited availability increases the waiting

times of cases. Waiting times describe how long cases are idle because no
resource is available to execute the current activity.
To access the Bottlenecks metrics, click the Bottlenecks tile.
The following table discusses the description for the table in the Bottlenecks tile:
Table Description
Bottlenecks The execution of a process instance might be delayed due to a shortage of
resources. When an activity is ready for execution but all resources are
already allocated, the execution has to wait. The table shows all resources
and activities with the their total waiting time that were delayed. The total
waiting time is the overall time activities have to wait for a specific
resource, because the resource was occupied by another task.

11.6 Managing simulation scenarios

Access to this feature depends on your license.

Before running a one-case or multiple-case simulation, configure the data that

the simulation is based on by creating a scenario.

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When you open a diagram in the simulator for the first time, it automatically con-
tains one scenario based on the diagram's Cost & Resource Analysis attribute.
Read the Configure the cost & resource analysis attribute section to configure
the Cost & Resource Analysis attribute.
With scenarios you can manage different data sets for simulating one process.
You can edit the scenario data by clicking on the corresponding tabs.
The scenario data is categorized by four different tabs:
o Costs: contains granular costs of activities.
o Duration: contains granular execution durations of activities.
o Frequency contains frequency and probabilities of start events, of junctions
after gateways, and of boundary events.
o Resources: define availabilities and costs of process participants.

11.6.1 Costs
In the costs tab you can configure the execution costs for each task in the scen-
ario.

11.6.2 Duration
In the duration tab you can configure the execution time for each task in the scen-
ario.
You can configure the execution time in two ways:
o Entering a duration in the execution time column for a task.
o Defining task execution time as distribution functions. Distribution functions
simulates non-deterministic task execution times.

11.6.2.1 Configure duration with distribution functions

Follow these steps:

1. Select the Duration tab and click .

The execution time dialog opens.

2. Enter a Proportion value.

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Add a single or multiple proportions. All proportion values must equal to

100%

3. Select a Method. You can select the following methods:

o Constant: defines an execution time that has a specific probability.
With the help of several probability-constant mappings, you can create
a discrete probability distribution.
o Uniform distribution: defines an execution time which is equally dis-
tributed within a range of two values.
o Normal distribution: defines an execution time which concentrates
around a certain value.

We recommend a Normal distribution in case the task exe-

cution times are likely concentrated around a certain value.

4. Enter an Execution time value in hh:mm:ssand click Accept.

5. Click Save Scenario.

11.6.3 Frequency
In the frequency section you can configure the start frequency of the start event
and the execution probability of gateways and events in your scenario.

11.6.3.1 Configure the start event frequency

Follow these steps:

1. Select the Frequency tab.

2. On the start event, click .

3. Configure the Day, From, To and Frequency fields.

4. Add multiple frequencies for the start event if required by clicking Add new
row.

5. Click then Save Scenario.

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11.6.3.2 Configure the execution probability of gateways and events

Follow these steps:

1. Select Frequency tab.

2. Expand the gateway or event and enter the required probability values.
All probability values must equal to 100%.

3. Click Save Scenario.

11.6.4 Resources
In the resources tab you can define a roles work schedule and cost per hour.

11.6.4.1 Configure work schedules for a role

Follow these steps:

1. Select the Resources tab.

2. In the Work schedules column, click .

The edit schedules page open.

3. Specify the Numbers of resources value.

4. In the Work schedules column, click .

5. Configure the Day, From, and To values.

The Hours value updates according to your configuration.

6. Click then Save Scenario.

11.6.4.2 Configure the costs per hour for a role

Follow these steps:

1. Select the Resources tab.

2. In the Costs / hour column, enter a value.

3. Click Save Scenario.

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You can create an additional scenario by clicking . Choose between creating a

scenario based on the Cost & Resource Analysis attributes (Create from tem-
plate: None) or using the data of another scenario as a starting point.
When starting a new simulation, select the required scenario from the drop-down
menu.

11.6.5 Configure the cost & resource analysis attribute

To configure the Cost & Resource Analysis attribute, follow these steps:

1. Open a diagram in the editor.

2. Select an element on the canvas.

3. Expand the Attributes|Views section.

4. Edit the values in the Cost & Resource Analysis section.

5. Repeat the above steps for all elements in your diagram.

6. Click Save.

11.7 Exporting simulation results

You can export the results of a Multiple-case simulation as XLS (Microsoft
Excel) files. To export the results, click the Excel Export button below the sim-
ulation tiles. An Excel (XLS) file is generated. The file is saved to your browser's
download folder.

The following tabs are available in the Excel file:

o Overview
o Costs
o Total cost charts
o Total time charts

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o Resource consumption
o Bottlenecks
o Bottleneck charts
If more than one simulation scenario was executed, the Excel file includes
two extra tabs, one for each scenario run in the simulation.

If you are using Microsoft Excel 2010, make sure to deactivate the Pro-
tected View, by clicking Enable Editing to make sure the spreadsheet
is displayed correctly.

If there are problems with displaying the charts in the report, check if
you have opened the report with a program that allows the editing
Excel diagrams. If this is not the case, we recommend to open the
report with one of the more recent versions of Microsoft Excel.

11.7.1 Overview
The Overview tab contains general information about the simulation runs.

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11.7.2 Costs
The Costs tab displays the minimum, maximum and average costs of the sim-
ulation runs and task executions.

Values that are especially high are highlighted according to the layout displayed
below the calculation table in the sheet.

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The same layout applies to the other calculation tables as well.

11.7.3 Total costs charts

The Total cost charts tab visualizes the cost relation of executed tasks in the
latest runs. If multiple runs were executed the latest and previous runs of total
costs data display in the tab.

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11.7.4 Total cycle time

The Total cycle time of a process instance measures the time between process
start and process completion. The tab shows process instance cycle times and
activity execution times:

11.7.5 Total time charts

The Total time charts tab visualizes the data of the Total cycle time tab. If mul-
tiple runs were executed the latest and previous runs of the total cycle time data
display in the tab.

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11.7.6 Resource consumption

The Resource consumption tab contains information about all Resources
(lanes) which where occupied with a task and displays their workloads in relation
to reach other:

11.7.7 Resource consumption charts

The Resource consumption charts tab visualizes the data of the Resource con-
sumption tab. If multiple runs were executed the latest and previous runs of the
resource consumption data display in the tab.

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11.7.8 Bottlenecks
The Bottlenecks tab contains information about process bottlenecks:

11.7.9 Bottlenecks charts

The Bottlenecks charts tab visualizes the data in the Bottlenecks tab:

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11.7.10 Scenario tabs

The last two tabs contain information about each scenario's properties:

11.8 Troubleshooting issues with the BPMN simulation

feature
In order for a simulation to execute, the below conditions are required:

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o The syntax of the diagram must follow BPMN 2.0 syntax rules. The process
flow mustn't be interrupted.

o To check if a diagram follows BPMN 2.0 syntax rules, use the Check syntax
option in the Editor.

o Elements that affect the process flow, but cannot be clearly specified regard-
ing their impact on the process flow, mustn’t be used. Example elements are
the inclusive gateways, non-interrupting boundary events, conditional
sequence flows, message flow and subprocess.

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12 Search
The standard search is a full text search. With the advanced search option ,
you can filter results. You can save your searches as smart folders for quick
access.

12.1 Full text search

o To search, enter the search terms into the search box and press Enter.

The following content is considered in the standard search:

o diagram titles
o attributes of diagrams and elements
o element labels
o comments
o revision information
o content of uploaded files
o dictionary entry links

The following operators are available:

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Search Description
operators

Wildcard The wildcard character (*) is a placeholder for one or more char-
(*) acters.
For example, the search term lab*r returns results for both British
English (labour) and American English (labor).

AND Connect search terms with AND to only get results that contain all
terms. Search terms are connected with AND by default.

Phrases Put a phrase in quotation marks ("...") to get an exact match.

For example, "Process Manager" lists all results that contain the
complete phrase Process Manager, and not items that only include
the term Manager.
Use quotation marks when you search for hyphenated terms, for
example "e-learning".
This search does not include partial matches, the phrase needs to
consist of complete words.

o It is possible to combine search operators in one query.

o If you expect that certain keywords are part of many possible res-
ults, leave them out of the search. Only search for the dis-
tinguishing keywords.

12.2 Advanced Search

With the advanced search, you can limit the search to a specific attribute. Attrib-
utes on diagram and element level can be selected.
To execute an advanced search, follow these steps:

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1. Click the Advanced Search icon next to the search box.

2. Select the attribute from the drop-down list. When Search within any field
is selected, this is equivalent to the standard search.

3. Enter the search terms and click Search. The search results are displayed.

4. You can add additional search criteria to filter by diagram properties and val-
ues. The following filter criteria can be used:
o Element name
o Last modified
o Last author
o Revision comment
o Publishing date
o Publishing state
o Commenting state
o SAP Signavio ID
o Type (diagram, file, folder, or comment)

5. To filter the search results, click Add & Search.

6. To remove a filter, click .

12.3 Smart Folders

With smart folders, you can save your advanced searches.
To save a search query as a smart folder, follow these steps:

1. Execute an advanced search as described above.

2. Click . The Create Smart Folder dialog opens.

3. Label the smart folder. You can also add a description.

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4. Confirm with Save.

The smart folder is created in the Smart Folders directory in the nav-
igation panel of the explorer.

The content of a smart folder changes dynamically according to the

content of your workspace.

12.3.1 Manage smart folders

When you select a smart folder and click Edit, the following actions are avail-
able:
o Move
o Delete
o Change name/description

12.4 Search results

The results are categorized by location:
o Found in title or directly in diagram
o Found in diagram elements
o Found in comments

You can collapse or extend the categories.

If a search returns many hits, they are displayed over several pages. To navigate
the result pages, use the arrow buttons next to the page number.

By default, search results are displayed in icon view. For list view, click in the

top right corner. To return to icon view, click .

For dictionary entries, the category shown is Linked diagrams of dictionary item.
To search for dictionary entries, use the search function in the dictionary. See sec-
tion Full-text search for details.

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To access the folder in which an item is located, select the item and click Go to
parent.

12.5 Return to the default explorer view

To leave the search results view, select any folder in the directory.

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13 Collaboration
In SAP Signavio Process Manager, there are several ways to enable col-
laborators to contribute to your business process and business decision land-
scape.
Fellow modelers in your workspace can by default edit and comment on all dia-
grams in the workspace's Shared documents folder. You can also invite model-
ers to edit to call attention to a diagram. They can also preview diagrams in SAP
Signavio Process Collaboration Hub which also provides a reader-friendly dia-
gram presentation, with its full screen view and detailed documentation.
Stakeholders who do not have access to your workspace can be invited to com-
ment on diagrams. The modeler needs to send an invitation from the Explorer's
Share menu to grant access. For external persons, the link acts as a key to SAP
Signavio Process Collaboration Hub where unregistered stakeholders can see
and comment on diagrams. The stakeholders click a link they receive by email
that allows them to see and comment on diagrams.
Exporting diagrams and sharing, saving or printing them is another collaborative
option for modelers. This way, diagrams can be transferred between SAP Sig-
navio workspaces (SGX) and SAP Signavio and other modeling softwares
(BPMN 2.0 conform XML), saved locally, and sent by email (PDF, SVG or PNG)
or printed out.

13.1 Invite modelers to edit a diagram

After you created or updated a diagram you might want to notify your fellow
modelers and invite them to further refine the diagram. Or if you noticed that a dia-
gram has not been updated for a long time, you might want to invite your col-
leagues to check its actuality and have it updated if necessary.

To be able to edit a diagram directly in the editor, users must be

registered in your workspace. Persons who are not registered can use
the commenting feature in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub to
contribute indirectly (see Inviting stakeholders to comment on a dia-
gram).

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With Invite modeler to edit, you can send registered workspace users an invit-
ation to edit diagrams. Unless configured otherwise, all modelers in your work-
space can edit diagrams that are stored in the Shared documents folder. If you
try to open a diagram while it is being edited by a colleague in the Editor, a warn-
ing will be displayed. You can still edit the diagram, but if you save, you will over-
ride the changes made by your colleagues.
To send an invitation email, proceed as follows:

1. Select a diagram.

2. Click Share > Invite modeler to edit in the menu bar. The dialog Invite
modeler to edit opens.

3. Click the arrow to get to the next page.

4. All registered users with editing rights are displayed on the left. Select the
people you want to invite.

5. Customize the invitation message (optional).

6. Click Send.
An invitation email is sent to all selected users.

You cannot grant additional access rights to people using this dialog. It
only sends notifications. If you want to add more people to your work-
space, ask your system administrator. To discuss your diagrams with
colleagues, you can also invite them to comment.

13.2 Inviting stakeholders to comment on a diagram

One of the most powerful features in collaborative process design is inviting pro-
cess stakeholders to review and comment on diagrams. This functionality allows
you to get a large number of contributors involved. They do not need to be mod-
eling experts to work with you in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub.
This way, you can invite people who have a deep understanding of the business
process and can contribute to proper process documentation and process innov-
ation without having to be familiar with SAP Signavio software.

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A special feature of the commenting function is that the commentators do not

need to be registered users in your workspace. You can invite anybody via email
to comment on your diagrams.

This section describes how you can invite colleagues who are not
users of SAP Signavio Process Manager to comment on diagrams. To
take advantage of SAP Signavio Process Manager in the long term,
however we recommend that you use reading and commenting access
rights in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub.

13.2.1 Inviting collaborators in the editor to comment

This feature is available with the Hub and Suite license.

When you invite collaborators in the editor, the invited collaborator can view the
unpublished diagram in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub preview and
add comments.
If the collaborator has an account with a modeling license, the collaborator can
also edit the diagram in the editor and QuickModel.
Invited collaborators with no account have to create an account first.
To invite stakeholders in the editor, follow these steps:

1. Open the diagram you want to share.

2. In the editor header, click Share.

The dialog Share for feedback opens.

3. Enter the email addresses of the stakeholders you want to invite. Optionally,
add a note to your invitation.

4. Click Send.
An email invitation with a diagram link is sent.

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Never forward a link that was sent to you. Anyone who has the link can
view and comment on the diagram in the name of the original recipient.
In case a diagram link has been compromised, please contact our SAP
Signavio service experts on the SAP ONE Support Launchpad.

13.2.1.1 Remove collaborators

You can remove collaborators from the diagram. After removing access, col-
laborators can no longer view the diagram and add comments.

1. Open the diagram you want to share.

2. In the editor header, click Share.

The dialog Share for feedback opens.

3. Click the email address of the collaborator you want to remove and click
.

4. Click Done.

13.2.2 Inviting new stakeholders via email

To send an invitation email, follow these steps:

1. In the explorer, select the diagram or the diagrams you want to share.

2. Click Share > Invite anyone for feedback.

The dialog for sending the invitation opens.

3. To change your diagram selection or to add additional diagrams, click

Choose diagrams.

4. Confirm your selection with Next.

5. Under Email addresses, paste the email addresses.

Multiple entries are separated by commas, semicolons, or line breaks.

6. To receive a copy of the invitation email, activate Send a copy to me.

7. If you have selected only one diagram, you can create a simplified view of
the diagram. To do so, activate Selection of a simplified view.

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If you have selected multiple diagrams, this option is not available.

Read more in section Simplified views on diagrams.

8. Under Message, you can customize the invitation message.

9. Click Send.
Invitation emails with a web link are sent. The link opens the diagrams in
SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub. Stakeholders can view and com-
ment on the diagrams.

13.2.3 Hint on links in invitation emails

If single sign-on is enabled but not enforced in your workspace, invitations emails
contain 2 web links:
o Access using single sign-on (requires a company email account)
The following applies:
o Users who are logged in to their company system are directly directed
to SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub.
o Logged out users need to enter their company credentials to log in.
o New users need to register with their company email and get a SAP
Signavio account.
o Access as a guest (you will be asked to register with your name and
email address)
The following applies:
o Users with a guest account log in with their guest account credentials.
o New users need to register.

Single sign-on is configured by your workspace administrator, read more in sec-

tion Single sign-on using SAML.

13.2.4 Simplified views on diagrams

When inviting a colleague to comment on a diagram, it is possible to create sim-
plified views.

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Simplified views can ease reading a diagram, especially if the colleague you
invited is not a modeling expert. You can also hide irrelevant information to make
viewing diagrams easier.

13.2.4.1 Creating while inviting

As described above, simplified views can be created while inviting colleagues to

comment on a diagram.
Follow these steps:

1. Click Selection of a simplified view or check the box in front of it.

The Selection of a simplified view dialog opens.

2. In the Create simplified view tab, you can simplify the diagram view by hid-
ing element types.
As soon as an element type gets chosen or dismissed, the preview
refreshes.

3. If you have created your desired view, click on OK to return to the Invite any-
one for feedbackdialog.

4. Follow the steps to invite to comment as described above.

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13.2.4.2 Creating a stakeholder-specific view

You can create simplified diagram views in the editor before you invite stake-
holders to comment.

1. Open the diagram in the editor.

2. In the attribute panel, click Create new view under Views.

The dialog View configuration opens.

3. If no views have been created for this diagram, you can configure a sim-
plified view by selecting which element types you'd like to be hidden.

As soon as an element type gets chosen or dismissed, the preview

refreshes.

4. Specify a name for the simplified view and if you want, a description.

5. If there are already existing simplified views for this diagram, choose one
from the drop-down menu.

6. Click OK.

13.2.5 Withdrawing commenting rights

Use the Manage access rights dialog to view the collaborators that were invited
to comment on a diagram.

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1. Click Share then Manage feedback invitations in the menu bar.

The Manage feedback invitations dialog opens.
All email addresses that have received an email invitation are listed.

2. If you want to remove commenting rights for a particular person, click

Remove next to the corresponding email address.
A confirmation dialog opens.

3. Click Yes to confirm the deletion.

4. If you are an administrator, you can also manage invitations to comment in

the Security center. To do so, click Setup > Manage access rights in the
menu bar.
The settings dialog opens.

5. Click the Access Rights tab.

You find the invitations under Additional access rights.

6. Select a diagram on the left and click Remove next to the email address
whose access rights you want to revoke.

Read more on security settings in section Managing users and access rights.

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13.3 Comments
Comments are displayed in the comment panel. To open the comment panel,

click the comments icon . You can also open the comment panel directly

from your notifications when you receive a notification about new comments.

Comments are only visible for the last published revision and the new-
est revision.

13.3.1 View comments

All comments on a diagram are visible in the comment panel by default.
Comments on model elements are labeled with the element name.
You can still access comments on elements that were deleted during the editing
process. These comments become process level comments and they are labeled
to indicate that they refer to a deleted element.

13.3.2 Filter comments by status

To filter by comment status, click Status and select a status from the list.
To clear status filters, select All from the list.

13.3.3 Filter comments by element

To display comments for one element only, you have the following options:
o Click Element and select an element from the list.
o Click an element label.

To clear an element filter, you have the following options:

o
Click clear next to the element filter.
o Click Back to all comments.

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When you are viewing only comments for an element, new comments
are added as comments on this element. Clear the element filter to
add a comment on the diagram.

13.3.4 Add comments to a diagram

1. Open a diagram.

2. Click . The comment panel opens.

3. Enter your comment and click Comment. The comment is posted and col-
laborators are notified.

13.3.5 Add comments to an element

1. Open a diagram.
2. Click an element. The comment panel for the element opens.
3. Click Add comment.
4. Enter your comment and click Comment. The comment is posted and is
labeled with the element name. Collaborators are notified.

13.3.6 Reply to comments

1. Open a diagram.

2. Click . The comment panel opens.

3. In the comment, click Reply.
4. Enter your comment and click Comment. The comment is posted in a com-
ment thread under the original comment.

Additional replies can be added to the comment thread.

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13.3.7 Mention others in comments

When you want to address a comment directly to someone, you can mention this
person in a comment. Mention someone by typing an @ followed by their name
while you enter a comment. When you mention someone in a comment, they are
notified.

13.3.8 Edit comments

1. Click in the comment and select Edit.

2. Change your comment.
3. Click Save. Edited comments are marked as edited.

13.3.9 Reject comments

Reject comments that don't trigger any changes to the diagram, for example
because other changes make it obsolete.
When you reject a comment, it is hidden in the default comment view in SAP Sig-
navio Process Collaboration Hub. SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub
users can still view rejected comments when they select Rejected when filtering
comments by status.

To reject a comment, click in the comment and select Reject. The comment is
labeled Rejected and hidden in the default comment view.

To display a rejected comment again, click and select Show.

13.3.10 Resolve comments

When you resolve a comment, it signifies to your collaborators that the comment
has been taken care of.
To resolve a comment, click Resolve. Resolved comments are labeled
Resolved. Users who posted a comment get notified when their comment is
resolved.
To re-open a comment, click Re-open. The Resolved label is removed. Users
who posted a comment get notified when their comment is reopened.

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Your changes are saved immediately. The number of updated com-

ments is shown.
To make changes to the comment status visible to collaborators, you
need to save the diagram.
The status changes only for the first comment in a commenting thread.

13.3.11 Delete comments

Deleting comments can't be undone.

1. Click in the comment and select Delete.

2. Confirm the deletion in the dialog.

13.3.12 Comment notifications

You get notified for the following actions:
o Someone adds a comment to one of your diagrams
o Someone resolves one of your comments
o Someone rejects one of your comments
o Someone reopens one of your comments
o Someone mentions you in a comment
o Someone replies to one of your comments

Modelers get notified for all revisions, SAP Signavio Process Col-
laboration Hub users only get notified about actions on the published
revision.

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13.4 Granting read-only access to diagrams

SAP Signavio allows you to share diagrams with collaborators in read-only mode.
For read only access without the commenting option, create a link to send to your
colleagues via the embedding function.
The system allows you to generate a link to a PNG-picture representation of your
diagram.
Follow these steps:

1. Click Share, then Embed diagram in the menu bar.

2. If the embedding function for this diagram has been activated, you can copy
the link in the Simple image tab using the key combination CTRL+C.
3. Now you can paste this link in an email and send it to the desired recipient.

When opening the diagram via this link, the most recent version of it will be dis-
played.

To revoke link access and at the same time stop all sharing and
embedding of a diagram, click Stop sharing the diagram for read-
only access in the Embed diagram window.

13.5 Publishing diagrams in SAP Signavio Process

Collaboration Hub
Every modeler who has the corresponding rights to publish a diagram can publish
it in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub. You can also define and use
approval workflows to publish diagrams. Read about this in the section Working
with approval workflows .
Apart from diagrams, pictures and files stored in your SAP Signavio file storage
can be made available in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub too. Pub-
lishing those files is similar to publishing diagrams. Depending on your con-
figuration settings, you might need to explicitly publish dictionary entries. Read
more about publishing dictionary entries in the section Publish dictionary
entries.

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Administrators can grant users the right to publish, edit or delete dia-
grams in the Shared documents folder. Please contact an admin-
istrator and ask them for the corresponding rights if you cannot access
these options. You can learn how to grant access rights in the section
Defining access rights.

To publish a diagram, proceed as follows:

1. In the menu bar, click Share then Publish to SAP Signavio Process Col-
laboration Hub. The corresponding dialog box opens.
2. Select the diagrams you want to publish.
3. To publish an older revision of the diagram or to revert changes to a pub-
lished diagram, use the activity feed of the diagram. Select a diagram and
click Expand in the lower left corner of the Explorer. Alternatively, you can
hit the space bar on your keyboard.

4. In case the feed tab is not opened by default, click the Feed button.

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5. The activity feed will now be displayed. Select the revision you want to pub-
lish.

6. Now, click Publish revision . A confirmation dialog box opens.

7. Proceed by clicking Yes . Now, your diagram is published to SAP Signavio

Process Collaboration Hub.

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Just one revision of a diagram can be published. To publish mul-

tiple revisions, save a copy of the diagram and then publish the
corresponding revision.

13.5.1 Revoke a published diagram

To revoke a published diagram, proceed as follows:

1. Select one diagram or several diagrams at once, which you want to unpub-
lish.
2. Click in the menu bar Share and then Unpublish from SAP Signavio Pro-
cess Collaboration Hub . The selected diagrams are now unpublished.

To revoke a single published diagram, you can also use its activity feed.

1. Select a diagram and click Expand in the lower left corner of the Explorer.
Alternatively, you can hit the space bar on your keyboard.

2. In case the feed tab is not opened by default, click the Feed button.

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3. Subsequently, select the publish event in the activity feed.

4. Click Unpublish :

Now, the diagram will no longer be available in SAP Signavio Process Col-
laboration Hub.

13.5.2 Opening a diagram's published revision

It is often useful to know what the published version of a particular diagram looks
like in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub. To find this out, select the dia-
gram in the Explorer and click Share - Open published version.

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13.6 Inviting users to access a diagram in SAP

Signavio Process Collaboration Hub
In many situations, you may want to point one or several readers to a specific dia-
gram.
For this purpose, you can send emails containing the link to a diagram in SAP Sig-
navio Process Collaboration Hub and additional information via the explorer
invite.
To invite users to access published diagrams, proceed as follows:

1. Select a published diagram.

2. Click Share, then Invite to SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub in
the menu bar.
3. Insert the email addresses of the recipients.
4. Edit the message text (optional).
5. You can also send a copy of the invitation email to yourself.
6. Click Send. The invitation message is sent to the selected email addresses.

You can also use this feature to encourage somebody to have a look at
SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub in general. Open the Invite
to SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub dialog without selecting
a diagram. The link in the email will lead to the entry point of SAP Sig-
navio Process Collaboration Hub.

13.7 Organizing diagrams

SAP Signavio offers a variety of functionalities for organizing diagrams.
Find out more about
o Working with folders and diagrams
o Search
o Viewing diagram details
o Migrate diagrams to BPMN 2.0
o Work with modeling conventions
o Display attribute overlays

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The diagram preview provides information about a diagram and its revisions in
the Explorer.

13.8 The notification and activity feed

Once you have created diagrams and then updated or changed them at least
once, you have the option to see what was changed by whom at what time in the
activity panel.
When you select folders or diagrams, the explorer displays the activity panel at
the bottom of the screen:

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The activity panel provides diagram details.

13.8.1 Notification configuration

Notifications need to be enabled by your workspace administrator.

In the activity panel, you can set how frequently you receive email updates about
specific diagram(s) or folder(s). If you subscribe to a folder, you will receive
updates regarding all the diagrams and sub-folders contained within. You can
daily, weekly or monthly notifications. Alternately, you can unsubscribe from noti-
fications entirely.

Manage email notifications about updates of the selected diagram or folder.

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Your notifications are sent in a single email.

13.8.2 Additional functions

The activity panel provides a preview of the diagram/folder as well as detailed
information and management options regarding its version history.
To access this preview, proceed as follows:

1. Select a diagram/folder.

2. Click Expand in the lower left corner of the Explorer. Alternately, you can
use the space bar on your keyboard:

3. The panel expands, providing a visual overview of the diagram:

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4. To view the activity feed and manage the change and version history of the
diagram, click the Feed button. The activity feed will now be displayed.

5. Hovering over the timeline provides you with specific time spans.

6. To gain a visual overview over an activity, click the Activity description.

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The visualization will highlight the elements that have been changed.

7. The overview also provides links to publish or comment the revision and to
switch to the diagram comparison (see section Compare revisions).

8. If the selected revision is not the latest revision of the diagram, it is also pos-
sible to restore the revision (see section Restore older revisions of a dia-
gram):

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9. To get a more detailed view on an activity set, it can be opened to show all
its single activities by clicking the dots on the grey stripe at the right side.
Each activity will be displayed separately:

10. To hide the panel again, hit the space bar or click Collapse.

13.9 Translating diagrams

Access to this feature depends on your license.

You can model your diagrams in multiple languages. This allows viewers and
modelers who do not understand your standard diagram language to collaborate
with you.
Multilingualism is a feature which is available in the Editor, SAP Signavio Process
Collaboration Hub and in the Dictionary. You need to configure languages in the
Explorer (see section Configuring language settings for all users) to use this fea-
ture.
The following explains how to translate a diagram and the modeling elements.
Note that you need to have already defined your desired language in the
Explorer.

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13.9.1 Changing the language

When creating a new diagram, it will be displayed in the default language of the
workspace. To change the default language, read the section Default language
settings.
The current language of a diagram can be switched in the editor via the drop-

down list on the right side of the upper toolbar.

If the list is not visible for you, it is possible that there are no languages
defined for your workspace. As a workspace administrator, you can
define a set of available languages in the Explorer's configuration dia-
log, which is described in the section Default language settings.

Select one of the available languages. The diagram will adapt to the language
immediately and may look like the following:

The highlighted elements have not been translated into English, yet.
Diagram elements that were already translated are displayed will be displayed
normally. In our example, the task 'Problem lösen' was already translated. If the
label was formatted, this formatting will be kept.
Diagram elements that are not yet translated are highlighted in red--in this
example, the incoming message event 'Lieferung der Ware' is only available in
German (thus, the "de" in brackets).
The following chapter describes how diagram elements can be translated.

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13.9.2 Translating diagrams

Translating diagrams means defining a translation for each diagram element in
each required language, which can include all element labels and documentation.
This chapter describes how diagrams can be translated into other languages.
This is especially useful when multiple people are involved on the translation,
each translated into one language. Later in this chapter, you will learn how to
translate a diagram in different languages at the same time.
The following example shows a translation from English to German:

1. First, select which language you want to translate. Proceed as explained

above. Elements that were not yet translated are highlighted in red.
2. Double-click an element to define its label.

3. Click somewhere on the canvas to accept the new label. The translation will
now be stored in the attribute panel on the right.

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4. In the attribute panel, you can also add documentation in the current lan-
guage.

Translate the remaining diagram elements in the same way. After saving the dia-
gram, it will be accessible in all languages of the workspace.

13.9.3 Translating diagrams into multiple languages at the same

time
Sometimes, a modeler might want to define a diagram in multiple languages
while modeling the diagram. In this case, it is recommended to have the required
languages set available while modeling.

1. Add languages to the diagram via the language tool of the Editor toolbar.
2. Select all the languages you want to work with in your diagram. They will
appear in the attribute panel on the right hand side.

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3. Now you translate diagram elements into the desired languages sim-
ultaneously in the attribute panel by simply entering the translations into the
corresponding columns and lines.
4. To view the result in the other languages, switch the display language on
the flag icon in the toolbar.

13.9.4 Migrating diagrams to a different language

You can migrate the contents of a digram from one language to another. This is
especially helpful when switching between dialects of a specific language (for
example, British English to American/Canadian English). or if the diagram was
created in the wrong language and you want to correct this.

When opening a diagram, the system will ask you for the diagram lan-
guage if no default is defined.

To migrate a diagram into another language, proceed as follows:

1. Click the language drop-down list, then select Migrate diagram to a dif-
ferent language. The corresponding dialog box opens.

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2. Now choose the source and the target language for the migration. You can
choose between all languages that are defined for the workspace.
3. Optionally, you can delete information in the source language. Activate the
checkbox Delete original texts to do so.
4. Click OK. A confirmation prompt is displayed.
5. Click Yes to confirm.

In this example a diagram was created without language definitions. The content
was defined in German. As the workspaces' default language is English, the dia-
gram was configured to be in English when the language tools were activated.
The content is now supposed to be migrated from German to English and the Ger-
man contents are supposed to be removed.

13.9.5 Translating diagram, folder and file names

Keep in mind that translations that you make within the framework of
this feature are only visible in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration
Hub.

1. Select the name of a diagram, folder or file name you want to translate in
the Explorer.
2. Open the Edit menu and click Change name/description (for files and
folders) or Rename (for diagrams).

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3. Now you can add translations of the name in all available languages.

4. Click Change name/description or Rename to save your settings.

13.9.6 Next steps

o Translate content with PO files

13.10 Executing processes in SAP Signavio Process

Governance

SAP Signavio Process Governance is a platform for process gov-

ernance. To use the SAP Signavio Process Governance integration,
you need to purchase SAP Signavio Process Governance licenses.
For more information, contact sales@signavio.com.

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To switch from the explorer to SAP Signavio Process Governance, click SAP Sig-
navio Process Governance - Open workflows in SAP Signavio Process
Governance:
If the process has not been deployed to SAP Signavio Process Governance and
you are the workspace owner, you can deploy the process (see section Process
deployment).
Read more on process execution in the user guide of SAP Signavio Process
Governance.

13.11 Working with approval workflows

We are working on expanding and improving the functions related to

process governance.
For more information about SAP Signavio Process Governance, con-
tact sales@signavio.com.

For this function, the installation of SAP Signavio Process Governance is neces-
sary in addition to SAP Signavio Process Manager. The approval workflow func-
tionality can only be activated if SAP Signavio Process Governance was
successfully installed.
Approval workflows enable you to control validation of diagrams before pub-
lishing. Approval workflows ensure that decision makers and BPM experts review
and approve the quality and factual correctness of a diagram before it is pub-
lished in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub.
Approval workflows make sure that diagrams have been approved by a list of
users before they are published in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub.
Approval workflows can be configured to automatically publish an approved dia-
gram to SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub, or to send rejected diagrams
back for editing.
In the explorer, diagrams are marked as follows:

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a diagram currently being approved is marked with a cogwheel

a rejected diagram is marked with a red X

an approved diagram with a green check mark

a published diagram with a globe icon.

13.11.1 Start an approval workflow

You can start approval workflows for diagrams of all types.
Follow these steps:

1. Select the diagram you want to have approved in the explorer.

2. In the menu bar, select Share > Start approval workflow.
3. In the dialog, click the link to open the workflow instance in SAP Signavio
Process Governance.
4. In case there is more than one approval workflow for your workspace, select
the approval workflow you want to start from the drop-down menu and then
click Start.

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5. You receive a confirmation that the approval workflow has been started suc-
cessfully. This dialog also contains a link to the workflow instance.

If the diagram is approved, you can see that the approval status of the diagram
has been updated in the explorer.

13.11.2 Work on approval tasks assigned to you

This section describes how you work as a recipient of an approval workflow task.
As soon as a modeler requests an approval from you, you receive an email with a
link to the case in SAP Signavio Process Governance.
Follow these steps:

1. Click the link to open the approval task. The approval task opens in SAP Sig-
navio Process Governance.

2. Check whether the corresponding diagram fulfills your requirements.

3. Click the Show comments link to open the diagram in the commenting view.

4. Click the Compare revisions link to get a better overview over recent
changes via the Compare revisions tool.

5. Open the explorer to access further functions:

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o To open the diagram again, double-click it or select it and click Show

comments, then Compare revisions/diagrams.
o To check whether a diagram complies with modeling conventions,
select Modeling conventions (XLSX).
The report is especially helpful when you conduct a formal approval
with focus on BPMN quality.
o To point a colleague to a diagram, select the diagram you want to
share and select Invite to SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub.
o Start approval workflow triggers a new approval workflow case for the
selected diagram.
o To get an overview of all pending approval workflows, you can either
click Show started approval WFs or Open approval task list in the
upper panel.
Show started approval WFs provides a basic overview in the
explorer, whereas Open approval task list opens a more detailed, fil-
terable view in SAP Signavio Process Governance.

6. Once you have finished the review, go back to the approval case in SAP Sig-
navio Process Governance to approve or reject the change.

In the explorer, a rejected diagram is marked with a red X, an approved dia-

gram with a green check mark, and a published diagram with a globe icon.

13.11.3 Processing open approval tasks

Follow these steps:

1. In the menu bar, select Share > Open approval task list.
You are redirected to your SAP Signavio Process Governance workspace.
Here you can see your tasks.

2. Click a task to open it.

3. Click the corresponding buttons to complete the task.

4. In the menu bar, select Share >, then Show started approval WFs. A dia-
log with an overview of running (and completed) approval workflows opens.

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o If you have selected a diagram before opening the dialog, all approval
workflows for this diagram are displayed.
o If you have selected a folder, all approval workflows for diagrams in
the selected folder are displayed.
o If you haven't selected anything, all approval workflows of the folder
that is open are displayed.

5. You can activate the check box Show completed approval workflows to
include completed workflows in the list.
The entries are sorted by creation date. Approval requests that are in pro-
gress are shown first, followed by completed approval requests.

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14 Creating reports
SAP Signavio Process Manager allows you to create various customizable
reports in the form of spreadsheets or as PDF files. This enables business users
to analyze your process hierarchy offline, and in formats decision makers and
analysts are already familiar with. The standard reports that are accessible via
the Explorer's Reporting dropdown menu cover most business use cases. If you
require a special kind of report that is not provided by the tool, you can ask one of
your workspace administrators to create a custom template.

Many of the reports access default dictionary categories during the

generation process. In case you suspect that your dictionary con-
figuration causes problems during the generation of a report, take a
look at the section Defining custom categories for dictionary entries.

14.1 Process documentation and templates

It is possible to export process documentation documents as PDF and Microsoft
Word files. Process documentation documents are comprehensive documents
that contain both diagram graphics as well as relevant diagram attributes, such
as description and responsibilities.
As a workspace administrator, you can create individual templates for process
documentation reports. A guide on how to create new templates can be found in
the corresponding chapter of this manual. Once created, a custom template can
then be selected during the creation of a process documentation report.
Read more about:
o Generating process documentation reports
o Managing and creating process documentation templates

14.2 Analysis
SAP Signavio Process Manager provides a possibility to set key performance
indicators (KPI) in event-driven process chains (EPC) and BPMN 2.0 process dia-
grams, which allows detailed process analyses.

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Read more about:

o Creating quantitative process analysis reports
o Process cost analysis report
o Resource consumption analysis report

Furthermore, qualitative reports can be created for BPMN 2.0 diagrams and EPC:
o Responsibility handovers matrix report
o IT system usage matrix reports
o Job profile report
o Risk & controls report
o Modeling conventions report
o Document usage matrix report

14.3 Process model metric and process characteristics

A process model metric contains information about the usage of diagram element
types and can be created for any diagram type:
o Process model metrics report

To create a summary of element details that are used in your BPMN 2.0 or EPC
diagrams, read the following chapter:
o Process characteristics with element details report

14.4 User and group assignment

Workspace administrators can create reports that list for each user the groups the
user is a member of:
o User/Group assignment report

14.5 Governance report

Workspace administrators can access usage data of your workspace with the gov-
ernance report. For example, you can see at a glance how many process models
have been created.

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o Viewing governance reports

14.6 Generating process documentation reports

This section describes all options for this function. Which options are
available depends on your license.

In SAP Signavio Process Manager you can generate process documentation

reports. These reports contain all your diagrams, including all element descrip-
tions, and dictionary entries.
You can generate process documentation report in a PDF or Microsoft Word
format.

14.6.1 Generate a process documentation (PDF) report

Follow these steps:

1. Open the explorer and click Reporting > Process documentation (PDF).
The Process documentation (PDF) dialog opens.

2. Select the required diagrams.

3. To add a filter, click Add filter.

The Edit filters dialog opens.

4. Select a folder from the drop-down list where you want to search in.

5. Define the rules for the filter query.

6. Click OK.
Diagrams discovered by the filter query are selected for the process doc-
umentation (PDF) report.
The Edit filters dialog opens and displays the number of results returned
from your filter query.

7. Click OK.

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8. In the Configuration section, select a template for the report from the Tem-
plate drop-down list.
If there are existing custom process documentation templates, you can use
them when creating a process documentation report. Otherwise, the SAP
Signavio template is set by default.

9. Select the required language for the report from the Language drop-down
list.

10. Enter information for the Title, Organization, Author, Date, and Version
fields.

11. In the Export linked subprocesses section, select which linked sub-
processes must be included in the report from the drop-down list.
The following options are available:
o No linked subprocesses
o Linked subprocesses of all levels
o Linked subprocesses of the first level

12. Click Generate documentation.

The Process documentation report in PDF format generates. Access the report
from your browser's downloads folder.

14.6.2 Generate a process documentation (Word) report

Follow these steps:

1. Open the explorer and click Reporting > Process documentation (Word).
The Process documentation (Word) dialog opens.

2. Select the required diagrams.

3. To add a filter, click Add filter.

The Edit filters dialog opens.

4. Select a folder from the drop-down list where you want to search in.

5. Define the rules for the filter query.

6. Click OK.

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Diagrams discovered by the filter query are selected for the process doc-
umentation (Word) report.
The Edit filters dialog opens and displays the number of results returned
from your filter query.

7. Click OK.

8. In the Configuration section, select a template for the report from the Tem-
platedrop-down list.
If there are existing custom process documentation templates, you can use
them when creating a process documentation report. Otherwise, the SAP
Signavio template is set by default.

9. Select the required language for the report from the Language drop-down
list.

10. Enter information for the Title, Organization, Author, Date, and Version
fields.

11. In the Export linked subprocesses section, select which linked sub-
processes must be included in the report from the drop-down list.
The following options are available:
o No linked subprocesses
o Linked subprocesses of all levels
o Linked subprocesses of the first level

12. Click Generate documentation.

The Important information dialog opens.

13. The dialog indicates that the table of contents won't be up-to-date when
opening the generated report. Click OK and follow the steps described
below after the report generation is complete.

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The Process documentation report in Word format generates. Access the report
from your browser's downloads folder.

14.6.2.1 Updating the table of contents in Microsoft Word

Follow these steps:

1. Open the Process documentation (Word) report.

2. Select the table of contents and push F9 or right click on each table of con-
tents entry and click Update Field.

The table of contents updates with the correct page numbers.

14.7 Responsibility assignment matrix / RACI report

The Responsibility assignment matrix / RACI report creates an XLSX file which
displays the responsibilities for activities in the selected BPMN diagrams. Read
Responsibility assignment according to RACI for more information.
This section explains how to generate the Responsibility assignment matrix /
RACI report.

1. Open the explorer and click Reporting > Responsibility assignment matrix
/ RACI.
The Responsibility assignment matrix / RACI dialog opens.

2. Select one or multiple diagrams to include in the report.

3. You can select the following options:

o Use merged cells in output spreadsheet
o Export file as XLS (Excel 97)

4. Click Start analysis.

The Responsibility assignment matrix / RACI report generates. The file is

saved to your browser's download folder.

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14.8 Responsibility handovers matrix report

When different roles or organizations participate on processes, the process flow
gets handed over from one participant to another at defined places. These roles
are represented as pools and lanes in BPMN 2.0 process diagrams. Event-driven
process chains (EPC) use attached roles, positions and organizations. A respons-
ibility handover can be either a sequence or an information flow.

The Responsibility handovers matrix report creates an Excel file that contains
information for each diagram that is included in the report. The responsibility han-
dovers matrix calculation considers pools, lanes, and in case of Event-driven pro-
cess chains (EPC), the attached roles, as well as links to organizational
dictionary entries.
This section explains how to generate a Responsibility handovers matrix report
for a BPMN 2.0 process diagram. These steps also work for Event-driven process
chains (EPC).

1. Open the explorer and click Reporting > Responsibility handovers matrix.
The Responsibility handovers matrix dialog opens.

2. Select one or more diagrams to include in the report.

3. Select the required language of the report.

4. You can select the following options:

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o Use merged cells in output spreadsheet

o Export file as XLS (Excel 97)

5. Click Start analysis.

The Responsibility handovers matrix report generates. The file is saved to
your browser's download folder.

6. The Responsibility handovers matrix report displays the Responsibility Han-

dovers, Internal Handovers, and External Handovers for the selected dia-
grams. Select the required tabs to view the information.

If custom attributes linking to organizational dictionary entries were

defined, they are included in the calculation.

14.9 IT system usage matrix reports

BPMN 2.0 process diagrams and Event-driven process chains (EPC) can attach
IT systems information to a task. With BPMN, those IT systems can be tagged as
an 'Input' or an 'Output'.
The IT system usage matrix reports creates an assignment matrix that shows
which IT systems data is read from during an activity, and which IT system data is
written to. You can choose whether the assignments refer to diagrams or roles.
The report also includes IT systems that are linked as dictionary entries from a
custom defined attribute.
This section explains how to generate IT system usage matrix reports for a BPMN
2.0 process diagram. These steps also work for Event-driven process chain
(EPC) diagrams.

14.9.1 Generate the IT system usage matrix (by diagrams) report

Follow these steps:

1. Open the explorer and click Reporting > IT system usage matrix (by dia-
grams).
The IT system usage matrix (by diagrams) dialog opens.

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2. Select one or multiple diagrams to include in the report.

3. You can select the following options:

o Use merged cells in output spreadsheet
o Export file as XLS (Excel 97)

4. Click Start analysis.

The IT system usage matrix (by diagrams) report generates. The file is saved to
your browser's download folder.

14.9.2 Generate the IT system usage matrix (by roles) report

Follow these steps:

1. Open the explorer and click Reporting > IT system usage matrix (by
roles).
The IT system usage matrix (by roles) dialog opens.

2. Select one or multiple diagrams to include in the report.

3. You can select the following options:

o Use merged cells in output spreadsheet
o Export file as XLS (Excel 97)

4. Click Start analysis.

The IT system usage matrix (by roles) report generates. The file is saved to your
browser's download folder.

If custom attributes linking to organizational dictionary entries were

defined, those will also be included in the calculation.

14.10 Job profile report

In SAP Signavio Process Manager you can automatically create job profiles
based on your documented process landscape. The Job Profile report allows you
to view all activities that an organizational role is involved in.

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In contrast to the diagram-centered RACI report, the Job Profile report creates a
role-specific matrix over all workspace diagrams.
This section explains how to generate a Job Profile report in SAP Signavio Pro-
cess Manager.

1. Open the explorer and click Dictionary.

The dictionary opens in a new tab.

2. Select the required organizational roles and click Import / Export > Export
Job Profile Report.
The Job Profile report generates. The file is saved to your browser's down-
load folder.

14.11 Risk & controls report

Access to this feature depends on your license.

With SAP Signavio Process Manager's integrated risk management feature, you
have the ability to define risks and controls directly at any step of a process within
the process model. These risks and controls can be defined and then associated
with the corresponding activities.
You can use the Risk & controls report to view an overview of potential risks and
related controls. This report summarizes all information about the risks and con-
trols in the selected process models.
The section explains how to generate the Risk & controls report.

1. Open the explorer and click Reporting > Risk & controls report.
The Risk & controls report dialog opens.

2. Select one or multiple diagrams to include in the report.

3. You select the following options:

o Use merged cells in output spreadsheet
o Export file as XLS (Excel97)

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4. Expand the Show additional attributes in the report option. The following
attribute options are available:
o Documentation
o Process target
o Process maturity level
o Process owner
o IOS9000ff relevant
o Responsible

It isn't possible to include table attributes. You can't select risk

management attributes on diagram level as the report includes
them by default.

5. Click Start analysis.

The Risk & controls report generates. The file is saved to your browser's
download folder.

14.12 Modeling conventions report

With the Modeling conventions report you can create a report that checks if the
selected diagrams are compliant according to a specified modeling convention.

This section explains how to generate the Modeling conventions report.

1. Open the explorer and click Reporting > Modeling conventions.

The Modeling conventions dialog opens.

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2. Select one or multiple diagrams to include in the report.

3. Click Add filter to add filters to the report.

The Edit filters dialog opens.

4. Specify the folder you want the report to search in for diagrams using the
Please choose folder drop-down.

5. Specify the filter conditions. You can configure the Diagram information
and Custom diagram attributes filter conditions.

6. Click OK.

7. Select a modeling convention from the Modeling conventions section . The

following default conventions are available:
o SAP Signavio Process Governance BPMN 2.0 conventions
o BPMN Method & Style conventions
o SAP Signavio Best Practices for BPMN 2.0

Custom modeling conventions are also available in the Modeling

conventions section. Read Managing modeling conventions for
more information.

8. Click Start analysis.

The Modeling conventions report generates. The file is saved to your
browser's download folder.

14.13 Document usage matrix report

Data objects can be attached to an activity in BPMN 2.0 and are indicated as an
input or output. In Event-driven process chain (EPC) diagrams, documents can
be attached to functions. The Documents usage matrix report creates an Excel
file for one or multiple diagrams describing the assignment of documents to
tasks. Linked dictionary entries representing a document are also included in the
report.

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The Documents usage matrix report displays the documents that are attached to
an element as a BPMN attribute as either 'Input' or 'Output' documents. For
Event-driven process chain (EPC) diagrams, an information flow can be directed
using the 'Information Flow' attribute.

If there are custom attributes defined which link to dictionary entries

that represent documents, they are included in the calculation.

This section explains how to generate a Documents usage matrix report for a
BPMN 2.0 process diagram. These steps also work for Event-driven process
chain (EPC) diagrams.

1. Open the explorer and click Reporting > Documents usage matrix.
The Documents usage matrix dialog opens.

2. Select one or multiple diagrams to include in the report.

3. You can select the following options:

o Use merged cells in output spreadsheet
o Export file as XLS (Excel 97)

4. Click Start analysis.

The Documents usage matrix report generates. The file is saved to your
browser's download folder.

14.14 Process characteristics with element details

report
The Process characteristics with element details report is an Excel file that con-
tains an overview of elements and attribute values found in the selected dia-
grams. Attributes without values are not listed in the report.
The following diagram types can be used in the Process characteristics with ele-
ment details report:
o BPMN 2.0
o DMN 1.1
o ArchiMate

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o EPC
o Value chain
o Organization chart

This section explains how to generate a Process characteristics with element

details report.

1. Open the explorer and click Reporting > Process characteristics with ele-
ment details.

2. Select one or multiple diagrams to include in the report.

3. You can select the following options:

o Use merged cells in output spreadsheet
o Export file as XLS (Excel 97)

4. Click Export options to configure which elements and attributes you want to
include in the report. The following options are available:
o Include IDs
o Included elements
o Included attributes

5. Click Start analysis.

The Process characteristics with element details report generates. The file is
saved to your browser's download folder.

14.15 Process model metrics report

With the Process model metrics report, you can generate a statistics report for
your diagrams. The following statistics are included in the report:
o Type
o Number of Elements
o Number of Edges
o Number of Forks
o Operators

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o Number of Subprocesses
o Number of linked Files
o Number of Dictionary Links
o Number of Process Steps without Responsibility Definition
o Number of Responsibility Handovers
o Path
o ID
o Revision
o Last saved by
o Date of last publication
o Open in Explorer link. The column contains a link that opens the selected
diagram in the Explorer.
o Open in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub Preview. The column con-
tains a link that opens the selected diagram in the SAP Signavio Process
Collaboration Hub Preview.

This section explains how to generate a process model metric for a BPMN 2.0 pro-
cess diagram. These steps also work for Event-driven process chain (EPC) dia-
grams.

1. Open the explorer and click Reporting > Process model metrics.
The Process model metrics dialog opens up.

2. Select one or multiple diagrams to include in the report.

3. You can select the following options:

o Use merged cells in output spreadsheet
o Export file as XLS (Excel 97)

4. Click Start analysis.

The Process model metrics report generates. The file is saved to your browser's
download folder.

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14.16 Creating quantitative process analysis reports

SAP Signavio Process Manager enables you to run quantitative analyses of your
processes. After setting KPI on diagram elements, you can generate the process
cost analysis and resource consumption analysis reports for BPMN 2.0 process
diagrams and event-driven process chains (EPC). Read Setting key per-
formance indicators (KPIs) for more information.

The process cost analysis report assigns process costs to processes and tasks
and lists them in cost centers. Based on the key process indicators set, the report
creates a table that shows costs for certain tasks and named cost centers. Read
Process cost analysis report for more information.
The resource consumption analysis report allows for the computing of time con-
sumption per task or process. Read Resource consumption analysis report for
more information.
Both reports consider the execution probability and frequency before computing
the actual resource consumption or costs.

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14.17 Process cost analysis report

Access to this feature depends on your license.

Process cost analysis reports displays the computed costs that occur in a pro-
cess. The report displays the costs, tasks, and cost centers in a table.
This section explains how to generate the Process cost analysis report.

1. Open the explorer and click Reporting > Process cost analysis.
The Process cost analysis dialog opens.

2. Select one or multiple diagrams to include in the report.

3. You can select the following options:

o Use merged cells in output spreadsheet
o Export file as XLS (Excel 97)

4. Click Next.
The Quantitative analysis dialog opens.

5. Select the report mode. The following report modes are available:
o Process cost analysis: Calculates the process costs (€ per cost cen-
ter) based on the execution frequency and costs per activity. You can
also select the Use resource consumption attributes for the cal-
culation (if provided) option.
o Resource consumption analysis: Calculates the resource con-
sumption (hours per resource) based on the execution frequency and
execution time per activity. Read the Resource consumption analysis
report for more information.
For the purpose of these steps the Process cost analysis mode is selected.

6. Select the Include subprocesses in calculation option if required.

7. Click Next.

8. Specify the resource costs. This dialog only appears if you selected the Use
resource consumption attributes for the calculation (if provided) option.

9. Click Start Calculation.

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If there are structural or logical mistakes in the diagrams, the system

informs you. If errors occur, the program asks you to go back to check the
diagram in the editor. Click Open diagramto open the diagrams in the editor
to correct any logical mistakes, structural mistakes, and errors.

10. If there are no errors, the Resource consumption analysis report generates.
Click Please click here to open the Excel file to download the report. The
file is saved to your browser's download folder.
This Excel file contains the analysis. The values are based on functions, so
changing one value may change the values in other fields accordingly.

If multiple diagrams were included in the report, each diagram will have its
own tab in the Excel file.

14.18 Resource consumption analysis report

Access to this feature depends on your license.

A Resource consumption analysis report calculates the time consumed for a pro-
cess or a task. It can help you find complex and time consuming tasks and plot
out the resource consumption of process participants.
This section explains how to generate the Resource consumption analysis report.

1. Open the explorer and click Reporting > Resource consumption analysis.
The Resource consumption analysis dialog opens.

2. Select one or multiple diagrams to include in the report.

3. You can select the following options:

o Use merged cells in output spreadsheet
o Export file as XLS (Excel 97)

4. Click Next.
The Quantitative analysis dialog opens.

5. Select the report mode. The following report modes are available:

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o Process cost analysis: Calculates the process costs (€ per cost cen-
ter) based on the execution frequency and costs per activity. You can
also select the Use resource consumption attributes for the cal-
culation (if provided) option. Read the Process cost analysis report
for more information.
o Resource consumption analysis: Calculates the resource con-
sumption (hours per resource) based on the execution frequency and
execution time per activity.
For the purpose of these steps the Resource consumption analysis mode
is selected.

6. Select the Include subprocesses in calculation option if required.

7. Click Next.

8. Add further information for the resource calculation. The following options
are available:
o Personal allowance time (% of total work time)
o Technical allowance (% of total work time)
o Nominal value of work days / year
o Nominal value of work hours / day

9. Select the Save for future calculation options if you want to use the per-
sonal and nominal values in a future calculation.

10. Click Start Calculation.

If there are structural or logical mistakes in the diagrams, the system
informs you. If errors occur, the program asks you to go back to check the
diagram in the editor. Click Open diagramto open the diagrams in the editor
to correct any logical mistakes, structural mistakes, and errors.

11. If there are no errors, the Resource consumption analysis report generates.
Click Please click here to open the Excel file to download the report. The
file is saved to your browser's download folder.
This Excel file contains the analysis. The values are based on functions, so
changing one value may change the values in other fields accordingly.

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If multiple diagrams were included in the report, one new tab will be created
for each diagram in the Excel file. An additional Sum tab is created as a
front page that shows the data for the processes.

14.19 User/Group assignment report

To generate a User/Group assignment report, you need to have work-

space administration privileges.

The User/Group assignment report generates a list of users and their group mem-
berships in your workspace. The users and groups displayed in the report are
pulled from the users and groups defined in the User Management section of
SAP Signavio Process Manager Read Manage users and groups for more
information.
For each user, the report lists all user groups the user is a member of as a direct
member. If a user is a member of group and that group is a member of a group lis-
ted in the report they are listed as an indirect member.
o Open the explorer and click Reporting > User/Group assignment.
The User/Group assignment report generates. The file is saved to your
browser's download folder.

14.20 Viewing governance reports

Access to this feature depends on your license.

You need an administrator account to use this function.

The governance report provides an overview of the user activity in your work-
space. You can view aggregate metrics (for example, the number of unpublished
diagrams). You can use these metrics to draw conclusions regarding the success
of your process modeling initiative.

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1. Open the explorer and click Reporting > Governance report.

The Governance report dialog opens.

2. Each tile displays a different usage metric.

3. Select the required tile to access detailed information.

A new browser tab opens and displays the results list of an advanced
search filter corresponding to the selected usage metric.

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14.20.1 The governance report's usage metrics

The aggregates in the governance reports also consider diagrams you

don't have permission to access. Your current access rights are taken
into account for the linked search.

In the overview, the following usage metrics are available:

Data Description
Diagrams The total number of diagrams in your workspace displays in
brackets.
The number of diagrams grouped by publishing state and type
(for example, value chain, and organization chart) is shown in
each corresponding tile.

Comments The total number of existing comments displays in brackets.

The number of comments grouped by commenting state is
shown in each corresponding tile.

Dictionary The total number of existing dictionary items displays in brack-

items
ets.
The number of dictionary items grouped by publishing state and
dictionary category type (for example, events, and require-
ments) displays in each corresponding tile.

Files The total number of existing files displays in brackets.

The number of file grouped by publishing state and the type (for
example, PDF , and JPG) displays in each corresponding tile.

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Data Description
SAP Signavio The number of Page visits represent a single user opening any
Process Col-
laboration Hub published object (diagram, file, or Dictionary item) in SAP Sig-
navio Process Collaboration Hub. Every time someone opens
one of these items in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub,
it's counted as a view and displays in the report.
Time ranges are based on calendar month and year, starting
from the first day of the previous month at 00:00:00 and counting
up until the last day of the current month at 23:59:59. Times are
based on local server time. On an EU server, it's in CEST, on an
US server it's in EST and on an Australian server it's in AEST.
Unique users refers to the total amount of visitors to SAP Sig-
navio Process Collaboration Hub in the given time span. It only
displays once more than 10 users have accessed SAP Signavio
Process Collaboration Hub, due to data protection. If a single
user visits SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub several
times in the given time span, only their first visit is reflected in the
unique users count.

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 15 SAP Signavio value accelerators

15 SAP Signavio value accelerators

SAP Signavio value accelerators specific for a theme (such as product or
industry) may include one or a combination of the following:
o Best-practice process models
o Business capability and solution maps
o Benchmarks, metrics, and dashboards
o SAP best-practice and product-innovation recommendations
o Thought leadership papers, how-to manuals, and videos
o Connectors, integrations, data transformation templates. and other tech-
nical enablers

Use of SAP Signavio value accelerators is optional and not part of the business
functionality of the products of the SAP Signavio Process Transformation Suite.
Value accelerators are subject to change and may be changed, discontinued, or
replaced by SAP at any time for any reason without notice.
To access the value accelerators, visit the SAP Signavio Process Explorer land-
ing page and click Access it now. You need to be an SAP-registered user, for
example a P- or an S-user.

15.1 Content available in SAP Signavio Process

Explorer
A detailed overview of all content available in SAP Signavio Process Explorer
and what was recently added can be found in the release notes.

15.2 Related
SAP Signavio Process Explorer
Import an SAP Signavio archive (SGX) file

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16 Importing
This section discusses how to share diagrams and dictionary entries using import
features:
o Import an SAP Signavio archive (SGX) file
o Import a BPMN 2.0 XML diagram
o Import the APQC Process Classification Framework
o Import a XPDL 2.1. diagram
o Import an ARIS Markup Language (AML) diagram
o Import a Microsoft Visio diagram
o Upload documents and pictures
o Import dictionary entries
o Import a set of dictionary items as a JAR file

For export features, read the Exporting section.

16.1 Import an SAP Signavio archive (SGX) file

Access to this feature depends on your license.

With this feature you can import diagrams that were exported as SAP Signavio
archive (SGX) to your workspace.
The following applies:
o You can add dictionary entries to the dictionary or merge with existing
entries. You can also import custom attributes and modeling language con-
figurations.
o You can only run one import at a time in a workspace. When trying to run an
import, all users in a workspace with the necessary rights can see if an
import is in progress.
o There is a 500 MB import file size limit.

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o On the History tab of the import dialog, you can view the details of the last
50 imports, for example the import time, the import status, and which items
imported successfully.

16.1.1 Import a SAP Signavio archive (SGX) file

Follow these steps:

1. Open the explorer and click Import / Export > Import SAP Signavio
archive (SGX).

The Import Signavio archives (SGX) dialog opens.

2. On the Import tab, click Choose File and select the archive you want to
import.

3. You can customize the import with the following options:

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Options Notes

If you disable this

option, no linked doc-
Import contained Files/Pictures
uments and files are
imported.

Import dictionary entries

Overwrite existing dictionary entries with the

same title

Import custom attributes and modeling lan- This option is only avail-
guage configurations able for administrators.

o This option is only

available for
administrators.
Import custom graphics o If you disable this
option, default
graphics are used
in the diagrams.

4. Click Import.
The diagrams and folders imports into your workspace.

16.1.2 Next steps

o Export a diagram as a SAP Signavio archive (SGX)

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16.2 Import a BPMN 2.0 XML diagram

Access to this feature depends on your workspace settings.

The BPMN 2.0 standard includes an XML notation and enables the platform with
independent exchange of BPMN 2.0 diagrams. To get more information about the
BPMN 2.0 specifications, go to http://www.bpmn.org.
In SAP Signavio Process Manager you can update your BPMN 2.0 model by
importing a new XML file. The import updates each process and subprocess in
your model, and creates a new diagram if a subprocess doesn’t exist.
To import a BPMN 2.0 XML diagram, follow these steps:

1. Open the explorer and click Import / Export > Import BPMN 2.0 XML.
The Import BPMN 2.0 diagrams from .bpmn files dialog opens.

2. Click Choose File.

3. Select a XML file that complies with the BPMN 2.0 XML standard.
The diagram imports.

16.2.1 Import errors and warnings

If the imported file is not standard-compliant, the system displays errors and warn-
ings. Some elements won't import due to errors in the BPMN 2.0 XML file.
o Errors prevent the diagram from importing.
o Warnings display which diagram elements won't be available after the
import. Diagrams with warnings still import.

Each element requires bpmndi information such as process flow and graphical
information.
Elements with no bpmndi information still import but display warnings. For
example, if an element doesn’t contain graphical information during import, the
import completes but elements without the graphical information are excluded
from the import.
Opening a diagram with warnings after import can contain missing elements.

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Sometimes the import of BPMN 2.0 XML files is impossible due to errors
unknown to the system. For example, the imported file isn't a valid BPMN 2.0
XML. For further assistance, please contact our SAP Signavio service experts on
the SAP ONE Support Launchpad.

16.2.2 Next steps

o Export a BPMN diagram as XML

16.3 Import the APQC Process Classification

Framework
With this feature, you can import APQC frameworks into your workspace.

16.3.1 The representation of the APQC framework in SAP

Signavio Process Manager
The hierarchy structure of the APQC framework is represented by a folder tree in
SAP Signavio Process Manager.
Once the import is done, every element in the sheet "Combined" is represented in
the workspace in different forms (depending on the hierarchy level of the ele-
ment):
o level 1 (X.0): a folder and inside of it a value chain with the same name
including / linking to all direct child elements
o level 2 (X.X): a folder and inside of it a value chain including / linking to all
direct child elements
o level 3 (X.X.X): depending on whether the hierarchy for this part goes down
to level 4 (only one more level of direct children) or level 5 (two more levels)
o stops at level 4: a BPMN diagram including all direct child elements as activ-
ities
o stops at level 5: a folder and inside of it a value chain including / linking to all
direct child elements

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o level 4 (X.X.X.X): depending on whether the hierarchy for this part goes
down to level 4 (no more children) or level 5 (one more level of child ele-
ments)
o stops at level 4: activity elements in a BPMN model (see above)
o stops at level 5: a BPMN diagram including all direct child elements as activ-
ities
o level 5 (X.X.X.X.X; optional): activity elements in a BPMN model (see
above)
o A single, top-level value chain is created linking to all imported level 1 value
chains.

The diagram's Description attribute contains the corresponding APQC glossary

term.
If you already have a workspace, please contact our SAP Signavio service
experts on the SAP ONE Support Launchpad to activate the APQC importer.

16.3.2 Import a APQC spreadsheet

To import the APQC framework into your workspace, follow these steps:

1. Download the framework as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet from the APQC

web site. Modify the spreadsheet as required.

2. Open the explorer and click Import/Export > Import APQC Excel.
The Import APQC diagram structure from .xls file dialog opens.

3. Click Choose File and select an APQC framework Excel spreadsheet.

4. Click Import.

The framework imports into the folder that is selected in the

explorer.

The import can take several minutes.

Now, you are able to use the APQC framework as the beginning of your business
process management initiative in SAP Signavio Process Manager.

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16.4 Import a XPDL 2.1. diagram

Access to this feature depends on your workspace settings.

This feature is only available on request. For more information, please

contact our SAP Signavio service experts on the SAP ONE Support
Launchpad.

The XML Process Definition Language (XPDL) was specified by the Workflow
Management Coalition (WfMC) to provide a language for specifying workflows.
You can find more information about XPDL at www.wfmc.org.
You can to import diagrams from XPDL files into your workspace, even if they
were created using a different modeling tool.
To import a XPDL 2.1. diagram, follow these steps:

1. Open the explorer and click Import / Export > Import of XPDL 2.1.
The Import of XPDL 2.1 dialog opens.

2. Click Choose File and select a XPDL file.

3. Click Import.

The XPDL diagrams imports into your workspace.

16.5 Import an ARIS Markup Language (AML) diagram

Access to this feature depends on your workspace settings.

The ARIS Markup Language (AML) is the XML export format of the software tool
ARIS. You can import Event-driven Process Chains (EPC), Organization Charts
and Value Chains from ARIS into your workspace. To import diagrams from
ARIS, you need to export the diagrams in ARIS to the ARIS XML format.
To import ARIS XML diagrams, follow these steps:

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1. Open the explorer and click Import /Export > Import ARIS markup lan-
guage.
The Import diagrams from AML file dialog opens.

2. Click Choose File.

3. Select the XML file you want to import and click Import.

The diagram in the XML file imports into your workspace.

16.6 Import a Microsoft Visio diagram

This feature is only available on request. For more information, please

contact our SAP Signavio service experts on the SAP ONE Support
Launchpad.
This feature is only available for our SaaS product.

You can import Visio diagrams into SAP Signavio Process Manager. The
importer supports both BPMN 2.0 and EPC diagrams.
To import Visio diagrams, follow these steps:

1. Open the explorer and click Import / Export > Import Visio.
2. Click Choose Files and select the Visio files for import.
3. Select the notation the files use, BPMN 2.0 or EPK diagrams.

The importer supports VDX, VSD, VSDX files, and ZIP archives
that contain such file types. Elements that are not part of the
BPMN 2.0 standard and not EPC-compliant are excluded.

4. Click Import.

The Visio diagrams imports into your workspace.

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16.7 Upload documents and pictures

In SAP Signavio Process Manager you can upload documents and pictures into
your SAP Signavio file storage. These files can be linked to diagrams and, when
published in SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub, are available to team
members who have read access.

16.7.1 Limitations
Embedding images that are not accessible to all users can display as broken
image links when viewed without the necessary permissions or log-ins.
We recommend to embed images only as follows:
o as unlisted images (with hidden names and implicit authentication tokens,
HTTPS only)
Example URL: https://external.domain.com/files/hidden-file-name-
nobody-guesses?possibleToken=123nekot321

o as publicly hosted images (without access or authentication restrictions,

HTTPS only)
Example URL: https://external.domain.com/files/my_image.png

When you host images externally, be aware that these image can pos-
sibly be accessed by third parties.

16.7.2 Considerations
If the SAP Signavio file storage is enabled for your workspace, its size and the
maximum upload file size are displayed in the workspace configuration dialog
accessible via the top drop-down menu of the Explorer in the header Setup. To
configure those limits according to your requirements, please contact our SAP
Signavio service experts on the SAP ONE Support Launchpad.
If the file quota is exhausted or the size limit for a single file is exceeded, a warn-
ing displays.

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In those cases, you can try to upload a smaller version of the file or delete unused
pictures or documents from your file storage. To increase your storage space,
please contact your workspace administrator.

16.7.3 Upload a document or picture to the SAP Signavio file

storage
To upload a document or picture file, follow these steps:

1. In the explorer, click Import / Export > Upload document/picture.

The Choose or upload a file/picture dialog opens.

2. Click Choose File to search for the file you want to upload.

o Take note that there must be enough free space left in your
file storage to upload the whole file.
o Make sure not to exceed the maximum file size - by default,
the maximum file size is 5 MB.

3. Click the Save to and select Choose a different folder.

Select a folder in your workspace. After selecting the new target folder, click
OK.

4. Click Save.

The document or picture is uploaded into your workspace.

16.7.3.1 Edit a file name

To edit the name and description of a file after upload, follow these steps:

1. Click Edit > Change name/description.

The Change name/description dialog opens.

2. Add a new file name and description. Click Change name/description.

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16.7.4 Update a document or picture

You can update a file in the SAP Signavio file storage by uploading a newer ver-
sion of the file. Each link to this file opens the updated version as well.
To update a picture or document, follow these steps:

1. Select a picture or document.

2. Click Import / Export > Update picture or Update document.

The Update picture or Update document dialog opens.

3. Click Choose file, to select the document or picture, then click the Please
choose a folder. drop-down arrow.

4. Select a recent folder or click Choose a different folder.

5. Select a folder in your workspace. After selecting the new target folder, click
OK.

6. Click Save.

The file is updated.

16.7.5 Download documents and pictures

To download a document or picture, follow these steps:

1. Select the document or picture in the explorer.

2. Click Import / Export > Download document or Download picture.

3. The document or picture is downloaded and saved in the browsers down-

load folder.

16.7.6 Supported file types

You can upload the following file types:
o doc
o docx
o ppt
o pptx
o xls

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o xlsx
o odt
o ogg
o zip
o rar
o pdf
o audio/mpeg
o audio/ogg
o image/gif
o image/apng
o image/flif
o image/webp
o image/x-mng
o image/jpeg
o image/png
o multipart/form-data
o text/css
o text/csv
o text/html
o text/php
o text/plain
o text/xml

16.8 Import dictionary entries

You can import dictionary entries from Microsoft Excel files (XLS or XLSX) to add
multiple entries at once or to update existing entries. The import can't be used to
delete existing entries from the dictionary.
In a workspace, it's not possible to perform multiple imports simultaneously. If
you start an import while another user is running one, the import tool shows a
message and you have to wait until the other import is finished.

The import is limited to 500 records per Excel spreadsheet. Importing

a file with more than 500 records, causes the import to fail. If you need
to import more than 500 entries, split them up into multiple files.

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Below is an example of an Excel file which contains dictionary entries:

For the Excel file structure, the following applies:

Spreadsheet A spreadsheet can contain entries for only one category of the
dictionary, no matter if main or subcategory. This means that for
each dictionary category, you must import the entries indi-
vidually.
If a file has multiple spreadsheets, all of them need at least a
header column.

Column The column header contains the dictionary attributes. You can
header
choose any name for the headers, as for the import you map the
columns to the dictionary attributes in SAP Signavio Process
Manager.
If your dictionary entries are multilingual, we recommend to add
language codes to all column headers as language codes make
the mapping easier for you.
The import tool interprets the first row with text as the header.
You must start your dictionary file with the first column and fill in
at least three columns. If you fill fewer columns with a header or
have empty columns in between, the import fails.

Rows Rows contain the actual dictionary entries and the information you want to
add, for example descriptions or statuses.

You can either create such a file or you export available dictionary entries and
use the export file as a template. Read more about exporting dictionary entries in
the section Export dictionary entries.

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To import dictionary entries, follow these steps:

1. In the explorer, click Dictionary.

2. Click Import / Export > Import Excel.

The Import Excel dialog opens.

3. Click Choose File.

4. Select the file you want to import from the file selection dialog and click
Open.

5. Click Import.
The import mapping dialog opens.

6. In the first section, select an import mode:

o Update existing entries only, ignore other rows
o Create new entries for all rows
o Update existing entries and create new ones

7. In the second section, select the spreadsheet you want to import and the dic-
tionary category.

8. In the third section, which is active when updating entries, map the Excel
column and the dictionary entry attribute, which are used to identify existing
entries.

9. In the fourth section, map the file headers with the dictionary attributes.

10. Click Import.

When all entries are imported, you are prompted with a summary including
a download link to the imported Excel file, which additionally contains the
import details. Open this file to verify the changes made by the import. Once
you have closed this prompt, the import of dictionary entries completes.

16.8.1 Next steps

o Export dictionary entries

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16.9 Import a set of dictionary items as a JAR file

This feature is available on request. Contact SAP Signavio Customer

Support for more details.

With the JAR import feature you can import Java classes as dictionary items and
use them as data models in the SAP Signavio Decision Manager.
The attributes and relationships of the classes are created as decision input/out-
put data types.

16.9.1 Preparation and requirements

Before importing a JAR file, make sure the target dictionary category supports
data modeling.
The classes in your JAR file need to fulfill the following requirements:
o Classes need the @XmlType annotation.
o Attributes need to be of one of the following data types:
o String
o Boolean (and boolean )
o Number (all subclasses) and int , double , byte , long , float
o Nested classes (from the same JAR)
o Collections of the above mentioned data types (no generic collections,
for example Set<? extends Number>)

16.9.2 Import a JAR file

Follow these steps:

1. Open the dictionary and click Import / Export > Import JAR.
The Import JAR dialog opens.

2. Click Choose File and select a JAR file.

3. Click Import.

The JAR's Java classes are available as dictionary items. Refresh your browser
to see the imported items.

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17 Exporting
In this section, it is described how to share diagrams and dictionary entries using
the export functions:
o Export dictionary entries
o Export a diagram as PDF
o Export a diagram as an image
o Export a diagram as a SAP Signavio archive (SGX)
o Export a BPMN diagram as XML
o Export a diagram as XML
o Export a DMN diagram as XML
o Exporting DMN diagrams as drools rules
o Exporting diagrams to Red Hat Decision Manager projects on GitHub

For the import functions, read more in section Importing.

17.1 Export dictionary entries

You can export dictionary entries to an Excel file, for example to print them, for off-
line review, or for further processing in third-party systems.
If you want to import dictionary entries from an Excel file to your workspace, read
more in section Import dictionary entries.

17.1.1 Partial export

To export specific dictionary entries, follow these steps:

1. Before you start the export, select the entries you want to export in the dic-
tionary
You can export the following entry sets:
o All entries in a category.
o All entries in a category that begin with a specific letter.

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o All entries that are returned by a search.

2. Click Import / Export > Export Excel.

3. Select an export option. It depends on your previous selection which option

is available:
o Export the entire dictionary
o Export entries with the selected initial in the current category
o Export the current category
This option is selected by default.
o Export the current search result

4. If multiple languages are set up for the workspace, select the language for
the export.
For each language, you must run an individual export.

5. Click Export Excel.

The dictionary entries are exported. The file is saved to your browser's
download folder.

17.1.2 Complete export

In one Excel export you can export 300.000 dictionary items. If your
complete dictionary contains more than 300.000 entries, we recom-
mend to split the export by exporting entries per dictionary category.

To export the entire dictionary, follow these steps:

1. In the explorer, open the dictionary.

2. Click Import / Export > Export Excel.

3. Select the option Export the entire dictionary.

4. If multiple languages are set up for the workspace, select the language for
the export.
For each language, you must run an individual export.

5. Click Export Excel.

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The dictionary entries are exported. The file is saved to your browser's
download folder.

17.2 Export a diagram as PDF

With this function, you can export a diagram as a PDF file from the explorer.
You can either select a single diagram for export, or a folder. When selecting a
folder, all diagrams contained are combined into one PDF document.
To export diagrams, follow these steps:

1. In the explorer, select the diagram or the folder you want to export.
You can change your selection via the export options described below.

2. In the toolbar, click Import / Export > Export PDF.

The export configuration dialog opens.

3. Configure the export. Read more in section Export options.

4. If you want to save your export configuration as default for your workspace,
enable Save as defaults at the bottom of the dialog.

o You need an administrator account to have this option avail-

able.
o The export configuration is only saved when you export a
PDF. If you cancel the export, your settings aren't saved.

5. Click Export.
The PDF is exported. The file is saved to your browser's download folder.

To export a diagram as PDF from the editor, use the print function in the toolbar.
Read more in section Editor toolbar and keyboard shortcuts.

17.2.1 Export options

In the General section, the following options are available:

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o Language
If multiple languages are set up for the workspace, select the language for
the diagram you want to export.
o Print in black and white
Specify whether to print the diagram in color or black and white.
o Show additional information
Enable this option if you want to add printing attributes to the PDF doc-
ument, for example the author, creation date, or page number. You can also
add diagram attributes.

The preview area shows how many attributes you can add and where they
are positioned.
To add diagram attributes, click Own attribute and select up to 3 diagram
attributes for each attribute position.
o Paper size
Select a paper size for your PDF. The default is set to the international
standard size A4.
o Stretch small diagrams to whole page

Specify whether small diagrams are enlarged to fit the full page.

In the Logo section, the following options are available:

o Logo
Add a custom logo. You can upload a new file or choose an image that
already exists in your workspace. The maximum size for a logo file is 5 MB.
o Use original size
Specify whether to use the original size of the image file.

In the Orientation section, the following options are available:

o Landscape or Portrait
For the PDF pages, select landscape orientation or portrait orientation.
o Diagram rotation
Specify whether the diagram rotation is managed automatically or not.

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With Automatic, the internal diagram rotation is used.

With Always, the diagram rotation you choose below is used.
With Never, the diagram isn't rotated.
o Diagram orientation
If you've selected Always for the diagram rotation above, select whether to
rotate the diagram clockwise or counterclockwise.

In the Distribution section, the following options are available:

o Single page or Multiple pages

Specify whether to have the diagram fitted to one page or, if necessary dis-
tributed over several pages.
For printing on multiple pages, the diagram size and width will be auto-
matically adjusted to the paper size.

In the Attribute visualization section, the following options are available:

o Rule sets
Select which attributes should be visible.
o Risks and controls

Specify whether to show the configured attributes for risks and controls.
o Show attachment icon

Specify whether to mark attachments by adding a paper clip icon.

In the Selected diagrams section, the following option is available:

o Click Configure to add diagrams to your export or remove them.
o If different views exist for the diagram, click Select a view to select the view
you want to export. By default, the original view is selected.

17.3 Export a diagram as an image

In the explorer, there are two export functions that transform diagrams into
images: The PNG export creates pixel graphics, the SVG export creates vector
graphics.

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To export diagrams, follow these steps:

1. In the explorer, select the diagram you want to export.

2. In the toolbar, click Import / Export > Export PNG (pixel graphics) or
Import / Export > Export SVG (vector graphics).
The export configuration dialog opens.

3. Configure the export. Read more in section Export options.

4. Click Export.
The image is exported. The file is saved to your browser's download folder.

If you want to embed the image of a diagram in web pages, which means the
image updates automatically with each change on the diagram, read more in sec-
tion Embed a diagram as an image.

17.3.1 Export options

In the export configuration dialog, the following options are available:
o Language
If multiple languages are set up for the workspace, select the language for
the diagram you want to export.
o If different views exist for the diagram, select the view you want to export.
By default, the original view is selected.

17.4 Export a diagram as a SAP Signavio archive

(SGX)

Access to this feature depends on your workspace settings.

With this function, you can export one or more diagrams as a SAP Signavio
archive from the explorer.
SAP Signavio archives, these are SGX files, allow you to exchange diagrams and
folders between workspaces. SGX is a SAP Signavio-specific file format, which
can't be used by third-party systems.

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We recommend to use the SGX export only to exchange diagrams between dif-
ferent workspaces. If users are registered in the same workspace, use the shared
documents folder and collaboration functions to work together on diagrams. Read
more in Working with folders and diagrams and Collaboration.
To export diagrams, follow these steps:

1. In the explorer, select the diagram or folder you want to export.

2. In the toolbar, click Import / Export > Export SAP Signavio archive (SGX).
The export configuration dialog opens.

3. Select more diagrams or folders if you want.

4. Specify whether to export the latest or all revisions of diagrams with Export
only the latest revision of each diagram.

5. Click Export.
Your selection is exported. The file is saved to your browser's download
folder.

17.5 Export a BPMN diagram as XML

Access to this feature depends on your workspace settings.

With this function, you can export a BPMN 2.0 diagram as an XML file from the
explorer.
The BPMN 2.0 standard includes an XML notation which enables the platform-
independent exchange of BPMN 2.0 diagrams. For more information about this
XML standard or the BPMN 2.0 specifications, go to http://www.bpmn.org.
You can export the following diagram types to BPMN 2.0 XML:
o business process diagrams (BPMN 2.0)
o conversation diagrams (BPMN 2.0)
o choreography diagrams (BPMN 2.0)

If you want to export diagrams of other modeling notations, use the XML export
as described in section Export a diagram as XML.
To export diagrams, follow these steps:

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1. In the explorer, select the diagram you want to export.

2. In the toolbar, click Import / Export > Export BPMN 2.0 XML.
The export configuration dialog opens.

3. Configure the export. Read more in section Export options.

4. Click Export.
The XML file is exported. The file is saved to your browser's download
folder.

17.5.1 Export options

In the export configuration dialog, the following options are available:
o Language
If multiple languages are set up for the workspace, select the language for
the diagram you want to export.
o Include linked subprocesses
Specify whether to also export linked subprocesses.
o If different views exist for the diagram, select the view you want to export.
By default, the original view is selected.

17.6 Export a diagram as XML

Access to this feature depends on your workspace settings.

With this function, you can export a diagram as an XML file from the explorer, for
example for further processing in third-party systems.

Use this export for diagrams of any modeling notation, except for
BPMN 2.0 diagrams. If you want to export BPMN 2.0 diagrams, use
the BPMN 2.0 XML export as described in section Export a BPMN dia-
gram as XML.

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The SAP Signavio-specific XML format produced by this export is a special form
of RDF, the Resource Description Framework which is used for conceptual
description or modeling of information that is implemented in web resources. You
can use XML transformation tools to generate other XML formats from the export
file.
To export diagrams, follow these steps:

1. In the explorer, select the diagram you want to export.

2. In the toolbar, click Import / Export > Export XML.

The diagram is exported. The file is saved to your browser's download
folder.

17.7 Export a DMN diagram as XML

Access to this feature depends on your workspace settings.

With this function, you can export a DMN 1.2 diagram as an XML file from the
explorer.
The DMN 1.2 standard includes an XML notation. This notation enables the plat-
form-independent exchange of DMN 1.2 diagrams. For more information about
this XML standard or the DMN 1.2 specifications, go to https://www.omg.or-
g/spec/DMN/1.2.
To export diagrams, follow these steps:

1. In the explorer, select the diagram you want to export.

2. In the toolbar, click Import / Export > Export DMN 1.2 XML.
The export file is created and prepared for download.

3. To download the export file, click the link Click here to download the XML
file.
The file is saved to your browser's download folder.
The file extension of the exported diagram is DMN.

4. Click OK.
The export is complete.

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17.7.1 Permitted element names

Names of all elements in the exported file, like decisions, inputs, or input items,
can only contain alphanumeric characters (a-z, 0-9).
Other characters are automatically removed, for example underscores (_) and
dashes (-).
If the removal of characters would create a duplicate name, a number is appen-
ded to the new name.

17.7.2 Customize the export

If dictionary entries are used as data input objects, you can add export names.
This way, you can provide domain-specific vocabulary when executing the expor-
ted XML file.
o To add an export name, specify a technical name for the dictionary entry.

The field Technical name is not available by default in the dictionary. An admin-
istrator must enable the use for data modeling for the respective dictionary cat-
egory. Read more in section Managing input and output data for DMN Data
Input elements.
The technical name is only used when exporting a DMN diagram as XML. In SAP
Signavio Process Manager and SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub, the
standard dictionary name is always used.
The rules for permitted element names also apply to the Technical name.

17.7.3 Next steps

Exporting DMN diagrams as drools rules

17.8 Exporting DMN diagrams as drools rules

Access to this feature depends on your workspace settings.

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SAP Signavio Process Manager enables you to model decision logic with the
easy-to-use editor and to subsequently export DMN diagrams as DRL files to
transfer them into the open source business rules management solution Drools
(http://www.drools.org/). Thus, you can easily transfer DMN diagrams into auto-
mated business logic.
You can either export multiple diagrams, one diagram, or just one decision table
and its sub-decisions. The Drools export supports four different export types: Pro-
duction, Development, Test, and Cases. In contrast to Production, Devel-
opment adds additional comments and logging behavior.
You can select which diagram revision to export.
Permissions for the Drools export can be limited to users of specific user groups.
To export decision logic to Drools, open the Explorer. Select one or multiple dia-
grams and go to Import/Export, then Export Drools.
Now you can adjust your selection and set the following export properties:
o Export revision
You can choose whether to export the latest revision of the diagram that has
been saved in the Editor or the latest revision that was published in SAP Sig-
navio Process Collaboration Hub.
o Export mode
o The option Production mode exports the decision logic to drools. It does
not include comprehensive comments, support for detailed logging, and
test cases.
o Development mode provides additional comments and logging beha-
vior.
o Development mode + test cases provides additional test cases in the
form of .csv files (one .csv file for each top level decision). The .csv files
contain all combinations of all relevant sub-decisions.

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In the export dialog, you can configure the export options in detail.

Click Export to trigger the export process.

Alternatively, you can export a decision table and its sub-decisions directly from
the Editor.
In the Editor, open a decision table and click Import/Export in the top-right corner
of the dialog. There you can chose between generating the Drools export or the
test cases (as described above):

Click 'Import/Export' in the decision table dialog.

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Before starting the export, you can choose whether to include related sub-
decisions (if applicable):

Choose if you want to include related sub-decisions.

As soon as the files are generated, you can download them in you browser:

17.8.1 Customize the export

If dictionary entries are used as data input objects and data definitions, you can
add information to export.
For that, an administrator must enable the use for data modeling for the respect-
ive dictionary category. Then, the configuration dialog for dictionary entries has
two fields more to specify the information:
o Technical name
o Class name

If both names are set in one dictionary entry, only the class name is
exported.

Both names are only used when exporting a DMN diagram as Drools rules. In
SAP Signavio Process Manager and SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub,
the standard dictionary name is always used.
Read how to enable the fields in section Managing input and output data for
DMN Data Input elements.

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17.8.1.1 Add export names to data input objects

For dictionary entries that are used as data input objects, you can add export
names. This way, you can provide domain-specific vocabulary when executing
the exported DRL file.
o To add an export name, specify a technical name for the dictionary entry.

17.8.1.2 Add java source references to data definitions

For dictionary entries that are used as data definitions, you can reference existing
java sources. This way, you can integrate exported DMN Drools rules into exist-
ing execution environments.
o To add a reference, specify a class name for the dictionary entry, for
example com.signavio.dmn.example.DataDefinition. The exported DRL
file then contains an import statement, for example import com.sig-
navio.dmn.example.DataDefinition.

17.9 Exporting diagrams to Red Hat Decision Manager

projects on GitHub

Access to this feature depends on your license.

SAP Signavio allows you to export process and decision models directly to Red
Hat Decision Manager projects at GitHub. Like this, you can seamlessly integrate
diagrams that have been modeled with SAP Signavio into your Red Hat Decision
Manager projects.
Process models are exported and uploaded as BPMN 2.0 XML files and all linked
decision models are exported and uploaded as DRL files.

1. To start an export, select a BPMN diagram in the explorer and click

Import/Export - Export RedHat files to GitHub.

2. You need to select exactly one diagram. The export will include all linked
DMN and BPMN diagrams.

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3. In case you haven't configured the GitHub integration yet, you need to
authorize SAP Signavio to push to your GitHub repositories.
Otherwise, proceed at section Pushing diagrams to Red Hat Decision
Manager projects.

4. Click Authorize.

5. You are forwarded to GitHub, where you need to grant SAP Signavio per-
mission to push to your repositories.

6. Re-enter your password to confirm. Upon successful authorization, the fol-

lowing page will be displayed.

Now you can go back to the explorer and export the diagrams to GitHub.

17.9.1 Pushing diagrams to Red Hat Decision Manager projects

To start an export, select a BPMN diagram in the explorer and click Import/Ex-
port - Export RedHat files to GitHub.
Now, configure the following parameters:
o The repository you want to push to
o The project path (within the repository)
o The name of the Java package that will be created

Click Upload to push the files to your repository:

The files are pushed by your user to the default branch (for example main). The
commit message is signavio upload .
An information dialog will inform you about the successful export.

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17.10 Translate content with PO files

Access to this feature depends on your license.

You can translate user-created content into all languages that are activated in
your workspace.
You can do this directly, as described in section Translating diagrams. You can
also export the content to be translated outside of SAP Signavio Process Man-
ager.
The following content can be exported for translating:
o regular and custom attributes of the following types:
o single line text

o multi line text

o diagram elements
o linked dictionary entries
o diagram names
o folder names

Not included in the export:

o names of multi-language custom attributes (their values are included)
o text formatting (the text itself is exported)
o nested links

You export the content and send it to translators. To make the translation avail-
able in your workspace, you import the translated files.

17.10.1 Exported files

The files are exported as a ZIP archive.
The ZIP archive contains the following files:

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 17 Exporting

Type Number Content Created Action

The file sum-

mary.csv lists No action neces-
CSV 1 Always
all exported sary
items.

This file can be

used as a
source file for all
languages.
o Use this
The file tem-
file for lan-
plate.pot con-
tains all guages for
translatable which no
strings and
POT 1 Always PO file is
their location
in the content. created.
It does not con-
o For the
tain any trans-
lations. import,
save every
language
as a sep-
arate PO
file.

Is created for a
The content language if
of a PO file o translations A PO file can be
is language- are already used as a trans-
1 per lan- specific.
PO available lation source for
guage
Each PO file the language
contains the or specified.
translatable o the export
strings and includes

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 17 Exporting

Type Number Content Created Action

the trans-
lations attributes
already avail- with default
able for the values
language.

Ensure that the original file names and the folder structure are maintained during
translation.

17.10.2 Export content for translation

You can export up to 100 diagrams.

Follow these steps:

1. In the explorer, open Import/Export > Export Diagram Translations.

2. Select the diagrams and folders to be translated.

3. To include linked dictionary entries, enable Include directly linked Dic-

tionary items.

4. Click Export
The selected content is downloaded as a ZIP archive. The file is saved to
your browser's download folder.

17.10.3 Import translated content

o Existing translations are overwritten by a new import.

o A maximum of 100 diagrams can be updated in one import. If
more that 100 diagrams would be affected, the import fails. In
that case, split the PO files into several smaller files.

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Once the PO files are translated, you can import them to SAP Signavio Process
Manager.
Follow these steps:

1. In the explorer, open Import/Export > Import Diagram Translations.

2. Click Choose file.
3. In the dialog, select one translated PO file per language and click Import.
The PO files are uploaded. The content is available for all languages that
are activated for the workspace.

For each language, you can upload one translated PO file at a time. If you have
more than one file for a language, repeat the import.

17.10.4 Next steps

o Translating diagrams

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18 Publishing diagrams to external systems

Access to this feature depends on your workspace settings.

With SAP Signavio Process Manager, you can publish single diagrams to any
intranet or Internet website using the embedding feature. This chapter describes
how to embed a diagram into a blog post or web page.

The embedding functionality of the Explorer

You can embed diagrams in other systems that SAP Signavio Process Manager
supports.

18.1 Enabling diagram embedding

If you want to share diagrams publicly, enable diagram embedding.
To enable diagram embedding, proceed as follows:

1. Select the diagram you want to embed in the Explorer.

2. Select Share > Embed diagram. The Embed diagram dialog opens.

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3. If you haven't already, enable embedding by clicking Share diagram for

read-only access. The read-access for this diagram is activated.

You have now the following options to embed the diagram:

o as an interactive element (embedding)
o as a simple image

To embed a diagram in an external system, you have to explicitly allow the

embedding. This can be reverted later on - in this case, all existing integrations of
SAP Signavio diagrams will be deactivated.
Diagrams can be published on web pages by embedding them with HTML.
Several use cases for embedding are listed and explained in the following
chapters.

18.1.1 Disabling diagram embedding

Embeddings of diagrams can be disabled at any time by withdrawing read access
for these diagrams. This can also be set in the Embed diagram dialog. Click the
link Stop sharing the diagram for read-only access :

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Revoking read access disables all embeddings.

Via this link all embeddings become inactive, so that your diagram are no longer
viewed on pages which previously have linked such a link.

18.2 Embed a diagram as an image

You can embed diagrams as images in web pages and this way share the dia-
grams with users outside your workspace. Users can see the diagram image, but
can't edit or comment on it.
Follow these steps:

1. In the explorer, select the diagram you want to embed.

2. In the toolbar, click Share > Embed diagram.

The Embed diagram dialog opens.

3. If the embedding options are disabled, click the link Share diagram for
read-only access to enable them.

4. On the Simple image tab, you'll find a diagram preview and the link con-
taining the image in PNG format.

5. To embed the image, paste the link into your web page.

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The embedded diagram image is automatically updated when a change is made

to the diagram.
If you want to use a specific diagram version as an image which never changes,
you can export the diagram in PNG or SVG format and use it in any context. Read
more in section Export a diagram as an image.

18.3 Embedding diagrams as HTML code

You can embed a diagram using a HTML code snippet in a website or blog as an
interactive element. The advantage of this method over a picture export is that
the most current version of the diagram is always available on your page.
The following paragraph explains how to embed diagrams as an HTML code snip-
pet into a blog or a web page like Blogger, TypePad, or WordPress.
To embed a diagram in your website or blog, proceed as follows:

1. Select the diagram you want to embed in the Explorer.

2. Select Share > Embed diagram. The Embed diagram dialog opens.

3. Open the Embedding tab and copy the HTML code snippet.

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4. Paste the copied snippet in the desired location of the HTML code of your
page or blog posts.

5. If the diagram is not shared for read access yet, click Share document for
read-only access .
If you click Stop sharing the diagram for read-only access in the embed-
ding menu, the diagram will not be available on the web page and on any
other pages it was embedded in.

6. See a list of Supported blog and content management systems to get an

overview of supported systems.

The embedded diagram does not allow navigation to linked diagrams

or linked documents. If you need the viewers to be able to navigate to
linked diagrams and documents, please use SAP Signavio Process
Collaboration Hub.

18.3.1 The diagram preview

To embed your diagram optimally in your website, you have to option to alter the
diagram's size and then to check size and aspect ration in a preview.

1. Specify the desired Width and Height . By default, it is set to auto , so the
size of the interactive element adapts to the system it is embedded in.

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2. Click Preview to check the changes.

In the preview, HTML code is displayed in addition to the interactive element. A

zoom slider and scrollbars are added automatically.

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18.4 Supported blog and content management

systems
You can embed SAP Signavio diagrams in all blog and content management sys-
tems that allow the embedding of HTML snippets.
For example:
o Jira
o Confluence

You can also embed a diagram view of SAP Signavio Process Collaboration Hub
in 3rd-party applications. These applications includes any system that allows
embedding of HTML iframes.

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 19 Workspace administration

19 Workspace administration
Workspace administrators have several tasks:
o managing workspace settings and user access
o enabling features
o integrating third party systems

The first user registering for a workspace is by default an administrator.

19.1 Administrator profile

Workspace administrators have extensive rights and can make profound changes
to the workspace. We recommend to grant this role to users with solid IT skills
who are familiar with both the SAP Signavio products and BPMN.
It is important to communicate and document changes in workspace settings
among your administrative team, so that all administrators are up to date and can
give accurate responses to user queries.

19.2 Add administrators

To add or remove administrator permissions, add or remove the user to or from
the user group Administrators. Read more in section Create workspace admin-
istrators.

19.3 Get started

To get started as a workspace administrator, see section Prepare your work-
space - overview.
You find an overview of the most popular integration scenarios at System integ-
ration scenarios.
An overview of the SAP Signavio Process Manager APIs is available in section
API access to SAP Signavio Process Manager.

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19.4 Next steps

o Prepare your workspace - overview
o Create workspace administrators
o System integration scenarios

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